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Review

Definition

A review consists of commenting and describing a book, movie, event, restaurant, hotel... giving our personal opinion about it. It is not about; the book or the restaurant, because it is not an article, but to make a review, either positive or negative.
If we want to highlight the essence of a well-done review, it is always to be informative and interesting for the reader. If you also manage to make it entertaining, all the better.

Structure and rules

To write an opinion in English, the same structure should be established
as in any other type of writing:
-Brief introduction
-Development of the critique
-Final conclusion of what we are giving our opinion about.
Even if the thing is about giving our opinion about a subject, it is
important to make an informative exposition of the review. So if you
want to make a good review in English, you must provide objective data
and support them with your personal opinion.
-Basic information. The first paragraph should include the title of the
work, place or product to be reviewed. In literary works or films, the

author or director, the genre, the place where the events take place and
the genre to which it belongs should also be mentioned.
If we are going to talk about a place, we will have to give details about
where it is located.
-Development or summary. In this second paragraph will appear the
summary of the story told by the book, series or movie. If the review is
of a restaurant, then we will talk about the type of food served, its
specialties and the style of the establishment. We can also talk about
the price of the dishes, the presentation, the characteristic flavors...
If we are giving an opinion about a product, at this point we will give
objective information about its finishes and features.
-Strengths and weaknesses. In the third paragraph of our review we can
add our personal opinion on different aspects. Here we can comment on
those things that we have liked the most, and those that have
disappointed us.
-Conclusion and recommendation. Finally, in the last paragraph an
overall evaluation of the work, place or product can be made. With this
conclusion, the reader should know whether or not you recommend
what you are talking about.

Use adjectives

Use a neutral style}, not too formal and not too informal

Try to use specific vocabulary that helps you to describe precisely what the book/ film conveys (that part was absolutely griping, moving flat, etc)

How to use it in sentences?

It is important to study vocabulary on all these topics to make it much easier to assign adjectives and use a more specialized vocabulary according to the chosen topic. Ideally, we should approach the reader by
the way we write. You can use set phrases and trendy words. But it is also good to use the passive voice and more cultured descriptive expressions or adjectives.

In this way, you will be able to show the public the positive and negative points that the product has and make an overall assessment to determine if it is worth buying, attending, reading, etc.

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Connectors expressing contrast and condition

Definition

Adversarial or contrasting connectors are those textual connectors used
to introduce, in a coherent manner in writing or in a discourse, ideas
that contradict those previously stated.
Conditional connectors are links that are used to condition one concept
in relation to another and to restrict or partially grant information. For
example: We will get to the movies if we hurry.

Structure and rules

Linking word of contrast
Linking words of contrast are word that are used to contrast two ideas
Rules
But, yet, and however
The particles but and yet are introduced in a sentence when we want to
contrast one idea with another previously said.

To separate the two ideas, a comma is placed before but and yet.

Nevertheless, is used when we are talking about a neutral
contrasting situation; however, we use yet when we are surprised
by the contrast.
But is used when we are talking about a neutral contrasting situation;
however, we use yet when we are surprised by the contrast.

The particle however is more formal that but. It does not link ideas in
the same sentence. First, one is given and then another is introduced,
usually separated by a full stop.

It is mainly used at the beginning of the second sentence followed by a comma. It can also be placed in the middle of a sentence between two commas, or at the end of a sentence preceded by a comma.

Although, even though and though these three particles have the same meaning (although/ in spite of) and can be used interchangeably. They introduce a phrase which makes what the main sentence expresses seem surprising.

They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. Though can also be placed at the end of a sentence.

They precede a sentence made up of subject plus verb.

Though (Pero/ aun asi/sin embargo) is used in spoken English with the
same meaning as but it is placed at the end of a sentence, although does
not apply in this case

Despite and spite of, like although…, introduce a phrase which makes the
main sentence expresses seem surprising.

They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

They precede a noun, a pronoun (this, that, etc) a verb in the gerund, or the expression the fact that followed by subject plus verb.

How to use it in sentences?

Their use is necessary, since they allow for a more fluent, organized and
coherent writing, which favors good reading and effective
comprehension of the texts.
Contrast and condition connectors serve to connect different ideas or to
highlight the differences between elements of the text. They are
especially useful in writings in which we are presenting an argument and
we want to compare opposing positions. They can also be used as a
punch line to introduce unexpected information.
In general, they are used to express concessions, restrictions and
exclusions that provide contextual significance to discursive ideas.
It should be noted that their main function is linked to two vital activities
of the verbal communication process. The first is the argumentative
activity in which the coherence of utterances is important.

1. Though it was raining he didn’t take his umbrella.

2.  Even though he tried to make us smile, he wasn’t able to.

3. Despite having done the exercises, the teacher got angry.

4. I prefer to be on my own, while my sister loves socialising.

5. I went to bed earlier, but I did wake up late anyways Having a dog its an awesome experience. On the other hand, the dog needs many cares

6.  I want to have a dog, despite of it needs spend a lot of money

7. I want to have a dog, however I have to earn some money before.

8. I dont have a dog yet; its gonna be soon.

9.  Its important to know that having a dog while one is working 24/7 would be not good for the dog

10. She asked her mother whether they will travel to Europe this year.

11. He will not pass the Math test unless he studies really hard.

12. He will go out to play football as long as he cleans his beedroom.

13. If my mom gives money, I will go to the movies with my friends.

14. Call me in case you decide not to come to the party.

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Connectors expressing cause and effect

Definition

Cause and effect connectors are a certain type of discourse connectors or textual markers, i.e., a certain type of linguistic units that serve to link the parts of a text and thus give it an illation and logical organization. This specific type of connectors are called cause and effect connectors because their appearance in the text establishes a relation of causality, that is, of origin and consequence, between the linked elements, in other words, they establish that something is the cause of something else, or that something is the consequence of something else.

Structure and rules

Cause and effect: because of and due to, are adverb clauses introduced
by because express cause and effect relationships
Occasionally, you will see due to followed by a noun clause introduced
by the fact that. This occurs primarily in older and very formal writing.
Native English speakers rarely use it in conversations or informal writing
Cause and effect: therefore, consequently, and so. Transition connect
ideas between two ideas. They are used commonly in formal writing but
rarely in spoken English. The transition therefore and consequently
mean as a result. They occur in the second of two related sentences and
can have a variety of position within the second sentence.

To use a connector you must have defined the ideas that you want to communicate.

You must determite the order of enunciation of the ideas, i.e.

which one you want to start with, which one you want to start

with, witch one to continue with and which one to end your text

with. Without a clear order, connectors cannot be used.

How to use it in sentences?

The connectors of cause and effect can be very varied, but some of the
most commonly used ones are because, because of that, which means
that, consequently, as a result, of so that, consequently, in a conclusion,
so that, sense, therefore, since, among another.

As carbon emissions to the atmosphere have decreased, climate change has slowed.

You need a jacket since its cold at night.

The race was postponed because of the rain.

Public transport is often late due to heavy traffic.

Several airports are closed owing to fog.

Seeing that it will take a parasol.

You might need legal advice; therefore, I will give you my lawyer’s number.

We are under a lot of pressure and, consequently our level of stress increases.

His behavior was unacceptable, so he was expelled.

He works in London since his family live there.

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Intensifiers (so, such, too, enough, etc.)

Definition

An intensifier is used to give emphasis to the meaning to the meaning of the words that follow it. They change the strength of the Word or adjective.
Intensifiers are words used to add force or emphasis to a sentence. Are usually adverbs that emphasize adjectives, adverbs, or verbs.

Structure and rules

So, such
So and such are used to introduce the consequence of a fact, or for
emphasis. Similarly, so is also used for everyday expressions such as:
They can be used with the following structures, and in the following
cases:
Noun + verb + so + adjective/ adverb/ determiner (+ that clause)
Such: Such + adjective + noun (+ that clause)

Too: Is used to express something negative, the individual is not happy
with the situation he/she is in. The intensifier can be used structure:
Too + adjective / adverb/ determiner (+ noun) (+TO THE INFINIVE)

Enough: Has a positive meaning, the individual considers the situation
as probable. In the following, we will explain its structure.
Adjective/ adverb + enough (+ to infinitive)

Rules
You can only use intensifier: Absolutely, really, totally, or completely
with these superlative adjectives.
English intensifiers are used to increase the meaning of adjectives, but it
is not necessary to use them with adjectives that already have a superlative meaning
Enough can used as an intensifier, but it must placed after the adjective.

How to use it in sentences?

We use so, such, enough and too to indicate degree. So and such give
emphasis and mean. In addition, means more than necessary and enough indicates the right amount of something.

1. It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the beach.

2. The music was so loud that I could not hear my own voice.

3. The apartment is big enough for three people.

4. Claire is too irresponsible to have a dog.

5.  I am so lucky. I have such wonderful Friends.

6. Dana runs fast enough to win the race.

7. It is too early to go to bed.

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Both/either/ neither

Definition

Both, either and neither are particles that allow us to give information about two elements.

Structure and rules

Both can also be used with verbs. Its position in the sentence will be before the main verb, but after verb to be, they both like this activity, they are both thinking the same. It can be followed by the prepition of, although this is optional. However, it is obligatory when both precedes
an object pronoun in the plural (us, you, and them).
The particle both can be used with the particle and to express two characteristics related to same element, or that two people or thing share one or more characteristics. Its translation would be (además, a la vez, tanto, como). Sometimes in English its already implied and has no
translation.
The participial either is used in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.
It precedes singular nun, although when we already know
what we are referring to, it is not necessary to mention the noun. We can use either (either/any/none) with the particle or to express two things:
In affirmative sentences it expresses an alternative and / or choice.
In negative sentences, it expresses that neither of two options is given.
The particle neither
The particle neither is used in sentences with an affirmative verb to express a negative sentence. It precedes a singular noun, although when we already know what we are referring you, it is not necessary to mention the noun.

How to use it in sentences?

The particle both is used in affirmative sentences and precedes a noun
in the plural. When we already know what we are referring to, it is not
necessary to mention the noun.
Both, either and neither are used to talk about two people or things that
have already been mentioned or that the listener already knows.
Both is used with plural nouns, either, and neither with singular nouns.
Both of, of and neither of are used either with plural nouns or pronouns.

1. Both of them say that they are not the killers.

2. I think both political parties will support the new law.

3.  Both Jane and Anne like meat.

4. She speaks both English and French.

5. They are both good singers.

6. I watched the Avengers and I watched Wonder woman.

7. I love both of them.

8. Peter and Joe failed the math test because neither of them brought a calculator.

9. Lucy does not like beer, and you do not like it either.

10. What do you prefer ice cream or cake? Either of them will be fine.

11. The kids did not want neither fish nor soup.

12. I do not like either Madonna or Lady Gaga.

13. She neither cleans the house nor cooks.

14. My mother cannot swim and I cannot either.

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Passive Voice

Definition

The passive voice is a grammatical structure used when you do not want
to emphases who or what the action, but rather emphasize who or what
receives the action.

Structure and rules

The passive sentence is constructed by using the verb to be in the verb
tense and the main verb in the past participle, either by adding the
particle –ed to the verb its regular, or by looking at the past participle in
the list of irregular verbs if the verb is irregular.
Objeto + verbo «to be» conjugado + past participle + by + sujeto
Rules
The subject of a passive verb corresponds to the object of an active verb
As in English, the passive voice is formed with the verb to be and past
participle
The future progressive (Will be being + pp) and perfect progressive (has
been being + pp) forms are not very common.

How to use it in sentences?

The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or thing that is
the object of an action, rather than the person or thing that performs
the action. In other words, the most important person or thing becomes
the subject of the sentence. Sometimes we use the passive voice
because we don’t know or do not want to mention who performed the
action. Is usually used in formal texts. Switching to the active voice will
make what you write clearer and easier to read.

1. The cat was chased by the dog.

2. Many movies are made in Hollywood.

3. The little girl is drawing her pet.

4. My brother takes his medicine every day.

5. The passengers are going to visit the museum.

6. All cases of divorce are handled by Miss Adams.

7. Rules are made to be obeyed.

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Third conditional

Definition

The third conditional is the one we use to talk about the past. However, not of
something that happened, but of something that could have happened, its
consequences in a hypothetical future and if that past event had been otherwise.
The third conditional is considered an unreal conditional, since it refers to the past,
but not to what actually happened, but to what could have happened and how it
would have had other consequences.

Structure and rules

Structure
If + past simple, sujeto + would / wouldn + have + participio pasado

How to use it in sentences?

This structure is used to talk about events in the past that, if they had
happened in a different way, would have had different consequences. It
is a hypothetical situation in the past. We are imagining what could have
happened.

1. If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a house.

2. I would have invited her to the party if she had told me she wasin Barcelona

1. Mia: ¡Hey Robert! Why are you crying?

Robert: I failed the final exam again so I can’t go to college.
Mia: But, why? Andrew told me you studied a lot last weekend.
Robert: Hmm no that much. Carla invited me to a party.
Mia: You didn’t go, right?
Robert: Yes, I did. If I had not gone to the party, I would have had more
time to study.
Mia: Oh that’s bad. What did your mother say?
Robert: Mom cried a bit and dad got really pissed. He grounded me for 2
months.
Mia: Wow! That is a long time. If you had studied more, your dad would
not have grounded you for such a long time.
Robert: Yeah, I know. In addition, there is something even worse.
Mia: Even worse?
Robert: Yes. If I had passed the exam, my parents would have given me
a brand new car as a gift.
Mia: Oh, man. You messed it up big time.

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The second conditional is a type of conditional used to talk about events that are unlikely to happen in the future. For situations that the speaker considers unlikely to happen in the future.

Example

If I were an astronaut, I would travel to the Moon.
If I saw Madonna, I would scream.
If I were invisible for one day, I could play tricks on my friends.

The structure of the second conditional

If + sujeto + past simple, sujeto + would + verbo en  infinitive (without to)

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READING NUMBER: 2

NAME OF THE READING: The greatest test of love and friendship

QUESTIONS:

1. Define love in one word

Delivery.
2. Write something you would like to receive from a friend

I hope you love God and my family, to be a team, understand each other, and encourage us to be better people.
3. What is the purpose of the story

Demostrate that friendship is important for our life.
4. What is the characteristic of a good friend

Loyalty
5. What is the name of the story
The greatest test of love and friendship.

SUMMARY:

Friendship undoubtedly has the power to improve the quality of our lives. Spending time with friends fills our lives with good conversation, laughter, makes us feel supported and understood, they become part of our family and transform bad times into good ones.

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My name is Martha Rodriguez, I am 16 years old, I am from Santa Marta, Colombia, and I study at the Escuela Normal Superior María Auxiliadora. My favorite food is chicken breast, and my favorite juice, tree tomato, I like to read anything about human beings, it's amazing, I also like to spend time with my family and eat chocolate, but I don't like vegetables.

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READING NUMBER: 1

NAME OF THE READING: Social network

QUESTIONS: No questions

SUMMARY: For me social networks are a type of communication, information and fun where we can share sentimental, important moments; where we can express ourselves with others without having to be ashamed obviously taking precautions, where we can spend time talking with friends or family about any topic, without forgetting that it is more important a hug, share with our families without being with the cell phone in hand, the people we love are more important than social networks, to have experiences, and live life.

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