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This timeline was created for an assignment at Cascadia Community College

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Postglacial hunting and foraging settlements

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Postglacial hunting and foraging settlements

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occurred after the last Ice Age

Many of the most significant hunting and foraging settlements were beside the coasts, lakes, and wetlands, which offered a wide range of prey.

-At Franchthi Cave in Southern Greece, occupation began in Paleolithic and continued through the Neolithic frequency.

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 394.

Graphic: http://www.absolutgrecia.com/la-cueva-franchthi-testigo-de-la-evolucion-humana/

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6000 BC

It is unknown whom invented the plow but it's safe to say that it changed the way others farm.

Source: N/A, "The Plow," Machine History, 2005, http://www.machine-history.com/The%20Plow.

Graphic:

http://www.machine-history.com/The%20Plow

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3000 BC

Part of the three age system, the bronze age of any culture was the time period of the most advanced metal working.

Source: N/a, "Bronze Age," Ancient History, 28 April, 2011, http://www.ancient.eu/Bronze_Age/.
Graphic:
http://www.ancient.eu/Bronze_Age/

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In Northern and Eastern Europe, Mesolithic cemeteries suggest that communities here were developing larger and more complex social groups.

-One of the earliest is at Vasilyevka III in Ukraine, which dates to the 10th millennium BC

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 395

Graphic:

http://flickrhivemind.net/Tags/vasilyevka/Interesting

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The earliest domestic pigs, from Greece to the Paris Basin, show a clear Near Eastern ancestry, but by the 4th millennium BC, European wild pigs had been locally domesticated, and across Europe they rapidly replaced pigs of the Near Eastern origins. Thus, the initial introduction of exogenous domesticates was in this case followed by the domestication of indigenous local strains.

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 3

Graphic:

http://www.heritagedaily.com/2013/08/european-hunter-gatherers-acquired-domesticated-pigs-from-nearby-farmers-as-early-as-4600bc/98871

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7th millennium BC

Many figurines show female characteristics, though some are gender less, a few are explicitly male, and some are explicitly hermaphroditic.

Limited excavations at Achilleion In Northern Greece yielded fragments of 200 zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines, the earliest dating from the later 7th millennium BC, with human forms increasingly predominating over animals in succeeding phases.

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 401.

Graphic:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia

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1st millennium BC

Both the indigenous Estruscan cities of north-central Italy and the colonies founded by Greek and Phoenician settlers along the Mediterranean shores of Spain, France, Southern Italy, and Sicily, and along the Black Sea Coast.

-These city-states brought with them a new scale of settlement architecture and social organization, and new commercial activity

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 420.

Graphic:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_democracy

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5400 to 4500 BC

This culture was fairly smart and in the 6th millennium BC, a distinctive cultural package developed in Western Hungary.

- Characterized my a number of distinctive

features, notably pottery with incised banded decoration that gives it its name, longhouses of fairly standardized construction, polished stone “shoe-last” adzes, single grave burials sometimes grouped in cemeteries, and particular types of site location and economy.

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 406

Graphic:

http://www.smb.museum/museen-und-einrichtungen/museum-fuer-vor-und-fruehgeschichte/bildergalerie.html

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The invention of Metallurgy is linked to these developments, and may have been an independent discovery:

-The earliest evidence of copper working has been dated to the early 5 th millennium BC in Almeria, though at present this early dating remains controversial.

-Metal working was well established in the 3rd millennium BC.
-The Extensive site of Valencia de la Concepcion near Seville appears to have been become an important center of copper metallurgy in the period 2750-2500 BC.
Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 405.
Graphic: http://www.novinite.com/articles/127084/BGN+400+Minimum+Monthly+Wage+Set+in+Bulgaria's+Metallurgical+Industry

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7000-4000 BC

In 7000 BC, the first farming communities appeared in Southeast Europe, the region closest to the Southwest Asian area of agricultural origins, and the most similar to it in terms of soils and climate. The spread of agriculture through central Europe and the Mediterranean, reaching the northern and western fringes around 4000 BC, appears to have been largely the consequence of the movement of farming communities into new territories, although domestic plants and animals may also sometimes have been adopted by indigenous hunter-gatherers.

Source: Chris Scarre, The Human Past (New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 2005), 393.

Graphic:

http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/17896

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In the 7th millennium BC, the first farming communities appeared in Southeast Europe, the region closest to the Southwest Asian area of agricultural origins, and the most similar to it in terms of soils and climate. The spread of agriculture through central Europe and and the Mediterranean, reaching the northern and western fringes around 4000 BC, appears to have been largely the consequence of the movement of farming communities into new territories, although domestic plants and animals may also sometimes have been adopted by indeginous hunter-gatherers.