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NEW HW FOR SEPTEMBER 8th: FILES- 2408-2409

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NEW HW FOR SEPTEMBER 8th: FILES- 2408-2409

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HEW HW FOR September 7th: FILE - IMG 2407

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HEW HW FOR September 7th: FILE - IMG 2407

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In the article, Asmeret Asefaw talks about a climate change solution that's right under our feet.
1. One of the most important solutions to the challenge that climate change poses is under our feet every day.
2. Soil is just a thin tissue covering the surface of the Earth, but it is able to shape the fate of our planet.
3. The Earth’s atmosphere is heating up due to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases that we continue to emit into the atmosphere.
4. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has increased by 40 percent over the past 150 years.
5. Humanity releases 9.4 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels, intensive agricultural practices and new land uses.
6. The concentration of carbon dioxide increases by about half of the emitted, and this is because half of the emitted carbon is absorbed by land and seas.
7. There is twice as much carbon in soil than in vegetation and air.
8. A change in the amount of carbon stored in the soil can significantly affect the state of the earth's atmosphere.
9. Carbon enters the soil through photosynthesis.
10. Carbon-rich soil is healthy and fertile. It is malleable and easy to handle.
11. It is necessary to monitor the earth's resources.
12. It is necessary to plant those plants that will increase carbon in the atmosphere.
13. It is also necessary to reduce agricultural activities.
14. These efforts will offset one-third of the global emissions of carbon from fossil fuels.
15. And if we do this, we can simultaneously address the two most pressing global issues of our time: climate change and soil degradation.

I believe that you need to monitor the release of garbage, burning garbage yourself. This harms not only the soil, but also human health. After all, we live in this world. The best option to follow all the instructions.

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How to change your behavior for the better

In the article, Dan Ariely raises the topic of how to change your behavior  for the better.

-In US spend between seven and eight hinder million dollars a year “ financial literacy”.There was recently a study and it turned out that the improvement is about three or four percent immediately after the course, and then it goes down. And at the end of the day, the improvement is about 0.1 percent.

-In his opinion, giving information to people is just not a good recipe to change behavior.

-Speaker believes that if we want to change behaviour, we have to change the environment.

-People often lie for their own benefit or to not look silly.

-He also consider that we hate losing more than we love to win.

-In his view, people became very distrustful.

-Moreover, it appears to his that at resistance, little things play a big role.

-Speaker told about how he motivated very poor people in a slum called Kibera in Kenya to save a little bit of money for a rainy day. All methods worked, but some were better and some were worse.

-According to the speaker we never know for sure what is best for us.

-Sometimes our intuition fails.

I completely agree with the speaker. I really liked one of the speaker's phrases ”the right way is not to change people, it’s to change the environment”

In conclusion, I want to say that the speaker clearly explains everything with a lot of examples. I advise everyone to watch this video.

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How symbols and brands shape our humanity.

Debbie Millman, designer, and podcaster, in this video, will tell us How symbols and brands shape our humanity.

-Branding is the profound manifestation of the human spirit, We can traces the evolution of branding in parallel with human evolution, from cave paintings to flags to beer labels and beyond.

-The speaker believes that It's not a coincidence that we've gone from documenting our reality on the cave walls of Lascaux to the walls of Facebook.

-Since ancient times, our ancestors tried to unite people and for this they used began to design telegraphic symbols to represent beliefs and to identify affiliations.

-These symbols connect like-minded people.

-But faith turned out to be not the best way to unite, and wars began, and to determine who on which side people began to use flags.

-Today is present on the army uniform the flag of her country.

-Soon Logos on products also began to appear to identify the manufacturer. An interesting fact is that the first such product was alcohol.

-The next step in evolution was the advent of the Internet. The Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street proved how the internet and hashtags could connect like-minded people with powerful beliefs to inspire change.

-In this short space of time, the concept of branding has changed more, than in a few thousand years.

-In her opinion, Our greatest innovations are the creation of brands that can make a difference in our lives and reflect the kind of world that we want to live in.

In conclusion, I agree with Debbie Millman in the end, people create brands for people. Additionally, I would like to say that it was very interesting to listen to branding history.

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In the video Alicia Malone talks about the overlooked legacy of Hollywood’s first female directors.

- Alicia believes that movies can be powerful (keep us up all night or show something that changed us).

- Also she points out that movies are basically a story being told. And storytelling is one of the “human” things that we know.

- She likes that after watching a movie with a friend you can have very different thoughts and stories forming in your heads.

- She tells that in a year 96% of directors are men and 4% are women meanwhile the ratio of graduates from film school are 50/50.

- With only male directors we watch stories only though one genders point of view.

- With female directors we see more women characters, they are more realistic and we can associate ourselves with them.

- In her opinion men get more opportunities to direct than a women. Not because studios that look for directors are sexist, but because for women it is harder to ask for budget because people only see directors as male. And they see women as a risk.

- But Alicia tells us that one of the first movie directors was a woman called Alice Guy Blache who made over 1000 short films and practiced colorful movies. Also there was Louis Weber who made films about social issues. Her most popular work was about abortion.

- But came the Great Depression and Hollywood became a business that didn’t see women as creative individuals.

- From Alicia’s point of view she doesn’t understand why we can’t go back to how the things rolled

- Movies from women, for women and about women are able to make money. It is just the change that we don’t want to face.

- It appears to Alicia that things are changing but very slowly. But the people watching the movies can really help this process just by… watching and sharing them.

I completely agree with the speaker. Issues like that are one of the things that are dragging us further away from becoming equal. We are all able to make great things. And it doesn’t depend on gender.

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This woman is talking about how can forgiveness prevent more crimes and create a legal system.

1. People who are African American are expected to forgive more often than other people.

2. The law leans severely towards punishment these days.

3. Lawyers and officials too often overlook the tools that law itself creates to allow forgiveness, when the principle should be the cornerstone of a thriving society.

4. Tools, when used, replicate the disparities, the inequities along the lines of race and class and other markers of advantage and disadvantage.

5. Historically, white people are pardoned four times as often as members of minority groups for the same crime.

6. Resentment is like drinking a poison and hoping it will kill your enemies.

7. Law can remove the penalties for those who apologize and seek forgiveness.

8. Youth are caught in worlds that are made by adults, and forgiveness can offer both accountability and fresh starts.

9. Sometimes, a society just needs a reset when it comes to punishment and debt.

10. Forgiveness may encourage more violations.

11. Forgiveness could undermine the commitment that law has to treat people the same under the same circumstances, to apply rules evenly.

12. Forgiveness between individuals is supported by every religious tradition, every philosophic tradition.

13. This wonan taught law for 40 years and only now realized that they don't teach law students about the tools of forgiveness that are within the legal system, and nor do law schools usually explore the potential for new avenues for forgiveness that law can adopt or assist.

I agree with everything that this woman said. If you put people in prison for every misconduct, then when they get out of it it will be more difficult for them to find work, get on their feet and live a normal life. The law should help this people and forgive petty crimes. I also don’t understand why the court bypasses the laws that allow forgiving a criminal and punishes him in all severity, when you can forgive and a person will not become angry with the world and will be able to live normally.

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In this video, Amy Cuddy talks about sign languages.  As a person through sign languages, you can determine his self-confidence.
1. Body language affects how others see us, but it may also change how we see ourselves.
2. A sense of confidence can affect our chances of success.
3. We're really fascinated with body language, and we're particularly interested in other people's body language.
4. Non-verbal helps us evaluate other people, understand their judgments and predict the outcome of our communication.
5. Often we forget that our non-verbal influences us too: our thoughts, feelings and general condition of the body.
6. We smile when we are happy.
7. When we are forced to smile, we become a little happier.
8. Our mind changes our body.
9. Influential people tend to be more aggressive.
10.There are many differences between strong and weak people.  They have physiological differences in the two main hormones: testosterone, the hormone leadership, and cortisol, the hormone of stress.
11. Strong and effective leaders also have high testosterone and low cortisol.
12. Consciousness affects behavior, and behavior can affect the outcome of a situation.
13. We can change the perceptions of other people - and perhaps even our own body chemistry - simply by changing the position of the body.
14.Our bodies change our minds.
Our minds change our behavior.
Our behavior changes our lives.
15. “You are not what you consider yourself to be, but what you consider yourself to be”

I agree that body language affects how others see us.  I also agree that this can change the way we see ourselves.  For example, if we constantly stand with baptized hands, then they will think of us as a "closed man."  This topic is very interesting and you can read and listen a lot about it.

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In the article, Margaret Heffeman rises the topic of the human skills we need in an unpredictable world

1). The speaker believes that rationality no longer works for us. This has become one of the most important problems — the ability to cope with surprises, because they have recently become the norm. That is why experts and forecasters are reluctant to predict anything more than 400 days in advance.

2). There are certain patterns, but they sometimes can’t help. So even the smallest changes can have a big impact. And this means that knowledge and experience can not do here, because the system is changing too quickly.

3). There are so many things in the world that at the moment are not predictable. We know that climate change is real, but we cannot predict where forest fires will start, and we do not know which plants will be flooded. In an environment that is not predictable, rationality not only does not help us, it undermines and destroys our ability to adapt and respond.

4). So if efficiency is no longer our guiding principle, what should we do in the future? What thinking style will really help us? If earlier we concentrated on just-in-time management, now it’s worth starting to think about “all kinds of fire cases”.

5). Countries that are concerned about climate change are aware of the need to use a number of solutions, to find various sources of renewable energy, and not just one. At the moment, the most developed countries have been working for years to change the systems of water supply, food and health care, because they are aware that by the time the forecast becomes accurate enough, it will be too late to start something.

6). Try to experiment and create a lot of connections!

7). An unsuccessful experiment may seem irrational, but this is the only way to find out how the real world works.

8). She also considers, that preparedness, coalition building, imagination, experimentation, courage ... in our unpredictable times - these are colossal sources of vitality and strength. They are not always rational, but they give us enormous potential for adaptation, diversity and inventions. And the less we know about the future, the more we need these colossal sources of simple human and unpredictable skills.

9). The author said, that the more we allow cars to think for us, the less we start to think for ourselves. The more time doctors spend on electronic cards, the less time they spend on patients.

I agree with everything that the woman said (and learned a lot of interesting facts about different plans in the areas of activity). I think we should not be afraid of anything. And no matter how contradictory this may sound, we should not control our future, because it is not measurable. We must have several plans at hand, not just one. Yes, it is costly and irrational, but it is reliable. We will have several ways out of a difficult situation, and not just one that may not be suitable. And do not forget about loved ones, because no technology and data will help us, like our friends, colleagues and parents. We are so brave that we invent things that we have never seen before. If you lose these skills, we will only have to go with the flow. But by honing and developing them, we can create any future that we want. The harsh truth is that the future is unknown, you can’t see it on the map. In conclusion, just... do not afraid be an experimenter.

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Task 2. Write a letter of recommendation.

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Task 2. Write a letter of recommendation.

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Write a letter to the mayor of Narva to recommend your schoolmate Mark Mets to become a leader of the local Youth Council. 120 words

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Task 1. Be ready to learn how to write a letter of recommendation. Read the presentation and take notes in your portfolio. Write down the plan and useful expressions to be used in this kind of formal letters.

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Task 1. Be ready to learn how to write a letter of recommendation. Read the presentation and take notes in your portfolio. Write down the plan and useful expressions to be used in this kind of formal letters.

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Formal writing letter of application.ppt

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To: The director of the Museum

From: Mari Mets

Dear Mr. Smith,

My name is Mari, I am 17 years old.  At present I am in the eleventh grade. I am writing this letter to apply to a job position in the City Museum shop that is available on a newspaper.

Last year I worked in a grocery store and in a restaurant serving tourists and I enjoyed it very much. I would like to have the opportunity to meet people and practise my English again.

I enjoy going to museums and am particularly keen on history. I was elated to see your advertisement as I knew then that I have a chance to expand my learning. It is a good experience to discuss important highlights of the world to visitors.

I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.

Sincerely,

Mari Mets

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This video is about how to make hard choices. Everyone makes a choice how to live on, and people do not always choose what suits them best. The speaker explains what we do wrong with difficult choices.

1. Hard choices seem to be occasions for agonizing, hand-wringing.

2. What makes a choice hard is the way the alternatives relate.

3.  In any easy choice, one alternative is better than the other. In a hard choice, one alternative is better in some ways, the other alternative is better in other ways, and neither is better than the other overall.

4. Hard choices are equally good options.

5. Often we are scared to choose because of fear that we will not make the right decision.

6. Any person can make mistakes and correct them, it is normal.

7. the alternatives are in the same neighborhood of value, in the same league of value, while at the same time being very different in kind of value. That's why the choice is hard.

8. Understanding hard choices in this way uncovers something about ourselves we didn't know. Each of us has the power to create reasons.

9. When we choose between options that are on a par, we can do something really rather remarkable. We can put our very selves behind an option.

10. So when we face hard choices, we shouldn't beat our head against a wall trying to figure out which alternative is better. There is no best alternative.

11. So the lesson of hard choices: reflect on what you can put your agency behind, on what you can be for, and through hard choices, become that person.

12. Hard choices are precious opportunities for us to celebrate what is special about the human condition, that the reasons that govern our choices as correct or incorrect.

I completely agree with this woman, she said everything correctly. I believe that the main thing is not to be afraid to make mistakes, because we learn from our mistakes.

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How to make hard choices. Jakov Stojunin.

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How to make hard choices. Jakov Stojunin.

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1.We shouldn't think that all the hard choices are big. It means that small choices can also be hard and it can make big hard choices seem less intractable.

2.Making difficult decisions is always paintful.

3.The choice becomes difficult due to the ratio of alternatives. In a difficult choice one option is better than one in one respect, the other option in another, but none of them is superior to the other in general.

4.Fear of the unknown is a big part of our motivation in difficult choices.

5.We compare of the overall merits of two is something we can make, and one we often do make.

6.A human cannot know everything and make a mistake with a choice this is normal.

7.In a world of difficult choices, we have to resort to our ability to create rules, the ability to create arguments for ourselves.

8.We need a new relation that describes what is going on in hard choices.

9.We are used to thinking that scientific thinking holds the key to everything of importance in our world, but the world of value is different from the world of science.

10.Faced with a difficult choice, we should not bang our heads against the wall, trying to decide which option is better. There is no better option.

11.The lesson of hard choices: reflect on what you can put your agency behind, on what you can be for, and through hard choices, become that person.

12.Now, people who don't exercise their normative powers in hard choices are drifters.

13.It is in the world of difficult choice that we have the ability to create internal arguments that allow us to become unique.

14.I agree with everything that this speaker says.

I believe that making the right decisions will always be difficult, it just becomes easier to do over time. We need a new relation that describes what is going on in hard choices. This report would give you some advice on how to make a difficult choice.

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How to make hard choices. Kristina Soboleva

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How to make hard choices. Kristina Soboleva

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Every day we make a choice of what to wear today? what to have breakfast? How to spend your free time? - This is our daily routine. But when we are faced with a choice that can greatly affect our lives, we fall into a stupor and do not know what to do. This report would give you some advice on how to make a difficult choice.

1. We shouldn't think that all the hard choices are big. It means that small choices can also be hard and it can make big hard choices seem less intractable.

2. Ruth Chang also says that we shouldn't think that hard choices are hard because we are stupid.

3. Many choices become difficult due to the alternative. When you have two options it is hard, but when you have three options it is even harder.

4. More often than not, we are scared to choose because of fear that we will not make the right decision.

5. These choices are hard because there is no best option.
6. A human cannot know everything and make a mistake with a choice this is normal.
8. To minimize risks, we can write out all the pros and cons of both options.
9. We are used to thinking that scientific thinking holds the key to everything of importance in our world, but the world of value is different from the world of science.
10. Each person has his values ​​and he must make a choice based on his values.
11. The alternatives will are in the same neighborhood of value, in the same league of value, while at the same time being very different in kind of value.
12. We need to introduce a new, fourth relation beyond being better, worse or equal, that describes what's going on in hard choices.
13. When we make a choice, there is no right or wrong option because it is our decisions that create us as a person.
14. I agree with everything that this speaker says.

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1. Think of a difficult choice for you in the future.
2. Making difficult decisions is always painful, painful.
3. The choice becomes difficult due to the ratio of alternatives.
4. The choice becomes difficult due to the ratio of alternatives.
5. Even comparing all the pros and cons, we can doubt the right decision.
6. A difficult choice is the choice between equally good options.
7. We do not admit that such values ​​as justice, beauty and kindness are akin to scientific quantities like length, mass and weight.
8. Scientific thinking is the key to all important things in the world.
9. But the world of values ​​is different from the world of science.
10. Alternatives are in the same surroundings of values.
11. We can justify the choice of option with our position.
12. Faced with a difficult choice, we should not bang our heads against the wall, trying to decide which option is better.
13. The way we make difficult choices depends a lot on ourselves.
14. Those who do not resort to the ability to create their own rules, making difficult choices, go with the flow.
15. Difficult choice teaches us that we need to reflect on what you can choose for yourself, on what is closer to you, and through the difficult choice to become just that.
16. difficult choice is a precious opportunity to appreciate the peculiarity of human nature.
17. It is in the world of difficult choice that we have the ability to create internal arguments that allow us to become unique.

I believe that in order to make the right decision you need to weigh all the pros and cons, the pros and cons. Yes, it may overwhelm you at first, but soon you will understand which solution is best for you.

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Ruth Chang offers a powerful new framework for shaping who we truly are. A woman tells how people make difficult choices in their lives. This is a talk that could literally change your life.

1. In hard choices, one alternative is better than the other. Understanding hard choices uncovers a hidden power each of us possesses.

2. We shouldn't think that all hard choices are big. Realizing that small choices can also be hard, may make big hard choices seem less intractable.

3. The choice becomes difficult due to the ratio of alternatives. In a difficult choice one option is better than one in one respect, the other option in another, but none of them is superior to the other in general.

4. Hard choices are hard not because of us or our ignorance; they're hard because there is no best option.

5. We compare of the overall merits of two is something we can make, and one we often do make.

6. If you start with two things that are equally good, and you improve one of them, it now must be better than the other.

7.We unwittingly assume that values like justice, beauty, kindness, are akin to scientific quantities, like length, mass and weight.

8. The world of value is different from the world of science. The stuff of one world can be quantified by real numbers but the stuff of the other world cannot.

9.  We need a new relation that describes what is going on in hard choices.

10. When alternatives are on a par, it may matter very much which you choose, but one alternative isn't better than the other.

11. Choosing between the options «on an equal footing», we can do what we want. We can justify the choice of option with our position.

12.  Faced with a difficult choice, we should not bang our heads against the wall, trying to decide which option is better. There is no better option.

13. There is no best alternatives. We should look for who are we trying to be. What we do in hard choices is very much up to each of us.

14, Now, people who don't exercise their normative powers in hard choices are drifters

15.  reflect on what you can put your agency behind, on what you can be for, and through hard choices, become that person.

I agree with everything that this woman said.   I believe that we need to choose what first came to our minds. We need to make hard choices impulsively, without thinking about the consequences, because in future we will regret that we did not choose what would made us happy. We should not beat our heads against a wall deciding which choice is best because there is no best choices.

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1. Do not rewrite the typescript of the video!
2. Express your opinion.
3. Use our plan.
4.15 ideas
5. Make a post.

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Here's a talk that could literally change your life. Which career should I pursue? Should I break up -- or get married?! Where should I live? Big decisions like these can be agonizingly difficult. But that's because we think about them the wrong way, says philosopher Ruth Chang.

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This woman is discussing about how people make hard choices in their life. Whether it is marrying somebody or just choosing between two jobs. But she thinks that people have misunderstood the role hard choices are playing in our lives.

1. What makes a choice hard are alternatives. In hard choices, one alternative is better than the other. In some choices none of them is better but you need to choose.

2. We need to understand that hard choices are hard not because we are stupid. They are hard because there is no best option for us.

3. Hard choices are equally good options.

4. How are we suppose to choose when neither is better than the other, nor are they equally good? We compare of the overall merits of two is something we can make, and one we often do make.

5. We unwittingly assume that values like justice, beauty, kindness, are akin to scientific quantities, like length, mass and weight. Take any comparative question not involving value, such as which of two suitcases is heavier. There are only three possibilities. The weight of one is greater, lesser or equal to the weight of the other. Properties like weight can be represented by real numbers – one, two, three and so on – and there are only three possible comparisons between any two real numbers. One number is greater, lesser, or equal to the other. Not so with values.

6. The world of value is different from the world of science. The stuff of one world can be quantified by real numbers but the stuff of the other world cannot.

7. There is no reason to believe that there are only three possibilities. Better, worse or equal. We need a new relation that describes what is going on in hard choices. This woman likes to say that the alternatives are "on a par." When alternatives are on a par, it may matter very much which you choose, but one alternative isn't better than the other.

8. A part of being rational is doing the better thing than the worse thing. Choosing what you have most reason to choose.

9. Hard choices are good opportunities for us to understand that reasons that govern our choices as correct or incorrect sometimes run out and this is when create reasons for ourselves to become the distinctive people that we are. And that's why hard choices are not a curse but a godsend.

10. People who don't exercise their normative powers in hard choices are drifters. Drifters allow the world to write the story of their lives.

11. The lesson of hard choices: reflect on what you can put your agency behind, on what you can be for, and through hard choices, become that person.

12. When we face hard choices we should not look for a better alternative. There is no best alternatives. We should look for who are we trying to be. What we do in hard choices is very much up to each of us.

I agree with everything that this woman said. We should not beat our heads against a wall deciding which choice is best because there is no best choices. We need to choose what makes us happy. We should not choose what is expected of us. I believe that we need to choose what first came to our minds. We need to make hard choices impulsively, without thinking about the consequences, because in future we will regret that we did not choose what would made us happy.

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How to make hard choices. Alina Shabarova

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How to make hard choices. Alina Shabarova

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The video is about hard choices that we make in our lives. When we think about a hard choice it’s usually something big (like marrying, jobs, charities etc.). But not all hard choices are big. As, for example, Ruth Chang says in the video, that you can’t choose what to eat for breakfast. And that’s a hard choice too. So, small choices can also be hard.
To solve the problem of deciding what to do she wrote down pros and cons. But it was still hard to choose. So she took the safest option as most of us do. She became a lawyer and suddenly understood that it wasn’t who she was. And now she is a philosopher.
- it’s a mistake to think that in hard choices one thing is a lot better the other thing
- since we don’t know which is better we take the safest option
- but there is no better
- not having the best option makes the choosing hard
But then both alternatives must be good? And we can choose flip a coin and it’s that easy to decide? Nope.
- try making both options look bad
- and then make one of the a bit better
Does the option seems better? Not necessarily. So maybe choose the other job then? Not sure.
- we tend to assume science is greater to everything else in our world and so we try to use science
- but there is also value and we cannot use science with it
- these two things have their own strengths
- is does not equal ought
- so things can be “on a par”. one alternative isn’t better than the other. they are in a similar league of value, but they are still different kinds of value
- on a par reasons aren’t given to us. they are created by us
- so by making reasons and choosing we are becoming ourselves
In my opinion, there is a lot of useful information said in this video and I agree with most of it. But the way it is said can be a tad too complicated. I got lost a few times but still found my way out. I agree that there is no best or worst options. They just simply have different values and it’s our job to choose what's best for us.
In conclusion, making hard choices can be complicated but these choices make us the people that we are today.

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1. The choice becomes difficult due to the ratio of alternatives. In a difficult choice one option is better than one in one respect, the other option in another, but none of them is superior to the other in general.

2. Understanding that making small decisions may not be easy will help make important decisions easier.

3. Fear of the unknown is a big part of our motivation in difficult choices.

4. It’s more correct to say about a difficult choice that it is a choice between equally good options. But it is not.

5. The puzzle arises from the thoughtless assumption we make about values. We unconsciously admit that values such as justice, beauty, and kindness are akin to scientific quantities like length, mass, and weight.

6. But the world of values is different from the world of science. Things in one world can be measured with real numbers. Things in another world - no. It is not necessary to assume that the world of what is - the world of weight and length - has the same structure as the world of what we should do.

7. In a world of difficult choices, we have to resort to our ability to create rules, the ability to create arguments for ourselves.

8. Choosing between the options «on an equal footing», we can do what we want. We can justify the choice of option with our position.

9. Faced with a difficult choice, we should not bang our heads against the wall, trying to decide which option is better. There is no better option. Instead of looking for external arguments, you need to look for internal arguments.

10. Those who do not resort to the ability to create their own rules, making difficult choices, go with the flow. Floating with the flow allow the outside world to create their own life for them.

I believe that making the right decisions will always be difficult, it just becomes easier to do over time. The more frightened you become, the better you will know yourself and the more arguments will be for decisions. The main thing is not to lie to yourself and choose what your soul wants.

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Eksamitöö II vihik (RE inglise keel 2018) (1)

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https://www.canva.com/design/DADzaBmZqnw/XvNpGtFiPo2tiWdeXIm1FQ/view?utm_content=DADzaBmZqnw&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=homepage_design_menu

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Katrin & Kristina

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Pair work. Safe Internet Tips. Create infographics. Present the ideas.

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Pair work. Safe Internet Tips. Create infographics. Present the ideas.

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Use the information below to search for ideas.

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Safe Internet - Resources for teachers and students by Olga Lutska | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Article review. Have you made any New Year resolutions? 

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Article review. Have you made any New Year resolutions? 

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What problem is stated in the article? Describe it.
In the article, Lauren Bravo raises the topic of ....
Present the author’s opinion. (10-12 ideas)
The author believes that ....
She also considers that ....
In her opinion, ....
From her point of view, .....
Moreover, it appears to her that ....
Furthermore, in her view, .....
How to solve the problem?
What do you agree with?
What don’t you agree with? Why?
Write down 20 new words from the article.

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can't remember a new year when I haven't made a resolution. Get more sleep, drink more water, drink less booze, eat more fruit, learn Spanish. But there was only one pledge I've ever managed to stick to for longer than a few weeks, and possibly the only one that made me feel better about myself instead of worse - I broke up with fast fashion.

No new clothes (or at least no "new-new" clothes) for a year. No more payday hauls or bad day pick-me-ups. No more casual flirtation with one of the most exploitative and wasteful industries on the planet. Goodbye, my problematic friend.

Before you say it, I know. Swearing off shopping shouldn't be a hardship. For plenty of people it's a default state, through lack of funds, lack of choice or just lack of interest. As a sometime-fashion journalist working in the fickle world of women's media, with trends that rise and fall on the back of a hot-or-not barometer, I know clothes take up a larger space in my life and brain than they do for the average person. But I also know so many people who feel shackled by fashion without the professional pressure; so many other women who shop as if it's a side hustle they're obliged to keep afloat. And if not buying, then browsing, scrolling, trying on, returning, thinking, thinking, always thinking about shopping.

That said, it's remarkable how many times this year men have fallen over themselves to tell me, proudly, that they never buy clothes. Never! Hate shopping! As though it's pure coincidence I picked up the message that as a woman, my clothes matter more than theirs do. Like there's no patriarchal whiff to the whole situation. Like simply opting out might not have occurred to me.

Of course it's occurred to me. On all those harried shopping missions, every time the Asos scroll threatened to give me carpal tunnel syndrome, the thought would always be there in the back of my mind: why do I even care? Why does anyone?

But what the Jeremys with their homogenous, wife-bought wardrobes fail to recognise is that loving clothes isn't a character weakness to be stamped out like smoking. Clothes can be cultural currency, tribal identity and a precious tool of self-expression. An outfit can set you apart from one crowd, and win you a place in another. Virginia Woolf got it: "Vain trifles as they seem, clothes have, they say, more important offices than to merely keep us warm. They change our view of the world and the world's view of us."

Over the years, clothes have been my comfort blanket and confidence boost. They've been a recreational hobby, a competitive sport and a way to bond with people in pub toilets. I've hunted for those holy grail garments the way a hardcore collector might hunt out rare stamps or action figures (then, to my shame, kept them nearly as boxfresh). I've used clothes to draw attention to myself and I've used them as camouflage, buying the illusion of grown-up professionalism in weekly instalments at Zara at a time when my salary barely covered my bus pass. Like Cher from , I too have a "most capable-looking outfit".

'It's amazing how often you can medicate trend flu with something that's already in your wardrobe': Lauren Bravo. Photograph: Phil Fisk/The Observer

But, of course, once you invest a thing with so much potential to make you feel good, it has equal potential to make you feel bad. Each outfit an exam, to be passed or failed. At least once a week I would have a wardrobe crisis before leaving the house; standing in my pants and flinging clothes around my bedroom, believing I had nothing to wear even as I was elbow-deep in evidence to the contrary. On those days, I would plan emergency trips to H&M at lunchtime, the way you might nip into Boots for painkillers to ease a headache. Somewhere along the way, I think I gave clothes too much power.

I know I gave them too much time. And money. Once I stopped shopping, spare cash appeared in my account and periods of free time began to appear in my week. It's incredible, the things you can get done when you're not forever standing in a Post Office queue with an armful of Asos returns. I'm not saying I've launched a startup or finally learned Spanish, but I've read a lot more books and had precisely zero existential crises in the changing rooms at & Other Stories. I've watched myself rise, incrementally, out of the depths of my overdraft, with each dress and bag I haven't bought. It's progress.

To be clear: I haven't stopped shopping entirely. Charity shops have filled the gap left by the high street, along with the occasional preowned gem from eBay and Depop. But secondhand shopping is a very different beast; it's the slow-release energy to fast fashion's sugar rush. While the high street sells the idea that every shopping trip should end in a purchase, thrift stores manage your expectations. You learn to appreciate the trawl as much as the haul, getting gooey-eyed about the history stitched into each seam. Going home empty-handed feels less like defeat. You've saved the money and still had a nice day out.

Of course, it's important to acknowledge that second- hand shopping isn't a one-size-fits-all solution. It's harder to find larger clothes in thrift shops, and the sustainable fashion world in general has a long way to go before it caters for all bodies equally. But then, so does the high street.

I always knew I hated changing rooms, but it wasn't until I quit shopping that I realised just how much self-loathing lurked behind those curtains. Fast fashion made me feel as though I was failing it, every time the zip didn't do up, or the buttons gaped, or the outfit that looked chic and insouciant on the mannequin looked strange and lumpen on me. I blamed myself, my body, when in fact - and I'm furious it took me 31 years to grasp this - it's the clothes that should be auditioning for you. Not the other way round.

I'd love to say that breaking up with fast fashion has cured the morning meltdowns. They're certainly less frequent, but the wrong recipe of weather, schedule and hormones can still tip me into sartorial crisis. And I still get struck down by "trend flu" - that feverish, all-consuming need to buy some viral item you hadn't even liked the week before. This year: giant pearl hairclips, puffer jackets and the Zara dress. I went to bed and rode them all out.

I also learned new tricks to eke more wear out of my existing wardrobe: like layering - an artform I'd previously believed you could only do if you were Scandinavian or owned your own kiln. Turns out no! You simply take your clothes and... put them on top of other clothes. Slimfit polonecks under summery slips, shirts under short-sleeved sweaters, jumpers over dresses over jeans. Aside from one mishap with a mustard tank top and a white shirt that can only be described as "Disney woodcutter", I've had a surprisingly good success rate.

Somewhere along the way, I gave clothes too much power

As so many business gurus will tell you, constraints force creativity. And when you limit your shopping options, you find yourself getting inventive with new tools instead. Sometimes superglue, sometimes scissors. My sewing skills have rusted since their GCSE Textiles heyday but since I stopped shopping, I've started tinkering more. I'll take up a hem, change a neckline. Put press studs between the gaping buttons. When a hankering for new jeans hit last month, I unearthed an ancient pair of mid-rise stretch bootcuts - bootcut! - and chopped them into ankle-length flares. They're not exactly the jeans of my dreams, but they're close enough. And I'm old enough to know by now that the jeans of my dreams don't exist.

I also know I'm not a "capsule wardrobe" person. Even so, a good wardrobe cull can be cathartic, and there's a strong argument for stripping back your wardrobe to an edited selection of reliable, high-quality pieces (I can see clearly now the rayon is gone, as Johnny Nash almost sang). But it can also be counterintuitive, especially if you're not ready to swear off trends entirely. Not yet.

Ignore anyone who tells you to get rid of everything you haven't worn in a year. Fashion is cyclical - come on, we know this - and no sooner have you sent a tired old trend off to the charity shop than Vogue will suddenly declare it hot again. "The most sustainable item is the one you already own," says Fashion Revolution (the global movement that scrutinises industry practices). It's amazing how often you can medicate trend flu with something that's already in your wardrobe.

And if not yours, someone else's. Peer-to-peer rental platforms such as HURR Collective and My Wardrobe have arrived on the scene to formalise and monetise the process, the latter even hiring former Whistles CEO Jane Shepherdson as chairman. Meanwhile, groups like Swap Rebellion and Swapaholics UK are hosting good old-fashioned clothes swaps on a grand scale. Sharing and borrowing from friends is a secret weapon that most of us don't take nearly enough advantage of. The wardrobe of the future is open-source; I really believe that. Especially if your Rixo dress is my size.

Meanwhile, social media has taken on a new role in my life. I've unfollowed every brand and influencer that might have led me into temptation, and let slow fashion advocates like Jade Doherty (@notbuyingnew) and Hannah Rochell (@EnBrogue) set a new pace on my feed. In a galaxy of #gifted single-wear wardrobes, their willingness to show off the same items again and again feels gently subversive.

Following their example, I've become a serial outfit repeater - and proud of it. I've started to dress like a toddler who has to have their favourite jumper wrestled off them for washing. And since over-washing is another sustainability no-no (all those plastic microfibres leaching into the waterways, not to mention the ageing and fading effect), I've shrugged off the shame along with the odd gravy stain. Nobody has said anything.

In fact, one of the more ego-bruising but ultimately liberating parts of the whole process has been realising just how little anybody cares what I'm wearing - be it at a work meeting, a party or, because apparently I am this shallow, a funeral. Every time I've pulled on the same old outfit I've braced myself for pointed fingers, covert sniggers or disapproving scowls that haven't come. Because, and I really can't stress this enough: people do not care what you wear. Most won't even remember.

I can't imagine ever going back to the high street

You will, but in a good way. Those much-loved, time-worn outfits become part of the memories; dependable series regulars rather than novelty guest stars. And that, really, is the mindset that carries you through a year without shopping. Instead of pining over my break-up with fast fashion, I'm trying to focus on my relationship with the clothes I already own. Romancing them, looking after them, taking them out dancing. Reminding myself why I fell for them in the first place.

If received wisdom is to be believed, it takes half the length of a relationship to move on after a break-up. Which means I could have nearly a decade ahead of me before the thrill of a DPD delivery has completely left my system; before each invite and mood swing and season-change triggers a flashing light in my brain that reads "SHOP!"

Unpicking the seams that bind my clothes so tightly to my self-esteem is going to take longer than a year on the wagon, but already I'm at a point where I can't imagine ever going back to the high street - for all the urgently important reasons, of which there are millions, multiplying with each painful crank of the production line. But for a selfish one, too: I just don't have the energy. Not any more.

Now, I'm the kind of person who goes around warning others off their toxic ex. Babe, you can do so much better than fast fashion. The planet can. We all can.

Try these top tips to kick your habit and take back control

1. Detox your inbox Unsubscribe from every brand email that might lead you into temptation, and unfollow every influencer who gives you click-to-buy urges.

2. Follow the leaders Scroll slow fashion influencers, such as @uncomplicatedspaces and @notbuyingnew, who delight in outfit-repeating and clever styling tricks.

3. Know your triggers Think about the reasons you buy clothes you don't need and how you could change those behaviours - whether it's avoiding spendy friends or finding a route home from work that doesn't take you past your favourite shop.

4. Have a dress-up session Get out everything you own, marvel at how many clothes you already have, and spend an evening trying on new combinations. It's amazing how old clothes can feel fresh again with a bit of imagination.

5. Become a borrower When the urge to shop strikes, try raiding someone else's wardrobe instead. Forage from friends, go to a clothes-swapping event, or try rental platforms like HURR, NuWardrobe and Onloan.
How to Break Up with Fast Fashion by Lauren Bravo (£12.99, Headline) is published on 9 January. Buy a copy for £11.43 at guardianbookshop.com

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Could I go a year without buying any new clothes?

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can't remember a new year when I haven't made a resolution. Get more sleep, drink more water, drink less booze, eat more fruit, learn Spanish. But there was only one pledge I've ever managed to stick to for longer than a few weeks, and possibly the only one that made me feel better about myself instead of worse - I broke up with fast fashion.

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INTERACTIVE WORKSHEET                                                                                                                        

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INTERACTIVE WORKSHEET                                                                                                                        

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Watch the video and answer the questions below

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Анастасия Рыкова

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Анастасия Рыкова. Какие бывают шаблоны для лэпбуков

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在社交能力和外向備受推崇的文化中，內向的人會遇到很多困難，有時甚至會受到羞辱。但Susan Cain在這充滿熱情的演講中，提出內向者所特有的能力與天份，應受到社會的鼓勵和嘉許。

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Aleksei Stepanov,Jakov Stojunin,Irina Pavlova

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Education

Model programs have assisted families and children by providing them with information. Some programs inform parents on how to raise healthy children; some teach children about the effects of drugs, gangs, sex, and weapons; and others aim to express to youth the innate worth they and all others have. All of these programs provide youths with the awareness that their actions have consequences. This is particularly important in an era where youth are barraged with sexual and violent images. Educational programs have the underlying intent of encouraging hope and opening up opportunities for young people.

Recreation

One of the immediate benefits of recreational activities is that they fill unsupervised after-school hours. The Department of Education has reported that youths are most likely to commit crimes between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., with crime rates peaking at 3 p.m. Recreation programs allow youths to connect with other adults and children in the community. Such positive friendships may assist children in later years. Youth programs are designed to fit the personalities and skills of different children and may include sports, dancing, music, rock climbing, drama, karate, bowling, art, and other activities.

Community Involvement

Girl scouts, boy scouts, church youth groups, and volunteer groups all involve youth within a community. Involvement in community groups provide youth with an opportunity to interact in a safe social environment.

Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses

Nurses involved in the "Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses" program pay visits to low income, single mothers between their third trimester and the second year of their child's life. During these visits, nurses focus on the health of the mother and child, the support relationships in the mother's life, and the enrollment of the mother and child in Health and Human Services programs. A 15-year follow-up study found that mothers and children involved in the program had had a 79 percent lower child abuse rate, a 56 percent lower child runaway rate, and a 56 percent lower child arrest rate. Maternal behavior problems also dropped significantly in the studied group.

Parent-Child Interaction Training Program

The "Parent-Child Integration Training Program" takes parents and children approximately 12 weeks to complete. It is designed to teach parenting skills to parents of children ages two to seven who exhibit major behavioral problems. The program places parents and children in interactive situations. A therapist guides the parents, educating them on how best to respond to their child's behavior, whether positive or negative. The program has been shown to reduce hyperactivity, attention deficit, aggression, and anxious behavior in children.

Bullying Prevention Program

The Bullying Prevention Program is put into place in elementary and junior high school settings. An anonymous student questionnaire fills teachers and administrators in as to who is doing the bullying, which kids are most frequently victimized, and where bullying occurs on campus. Once teachers and administrators have learned about how and where bullying occurs at their school, they set up class rules and facilitate discussions that address the problem. Individual bullies and victims receive independent counseling. The program succeeds in creating a safer, less hostile environment for students at minimal cost.

Prevention Programs within the Juvenile Justice System

A youth entering the Juvenile Justice System has the opportunity to receive intervention assistance from the state. In the care of the state, a youth may receive drug rehabilitation assistance, counseling, and educational opportunities. The success of the Juvenile Justice System is measured by how well it prepares youth to re-enter the community without committing further crimes. Optimally, all juvenile detention facilities would catch youths up on their education, provide them with job training, give them the experience of living in a safe, stable environment, and provide them with assistance to break harmful habits.

The Nebraska Correctional Youth Facility

The Nebraska Correctional Youth Facility (NCYF) is an example of a successful juvenile detention facility that gears its programs toward restoring delinquent youth. The facility holds young adult violent offenders and juvenile delinquents who have been tried in adult court for committing violent crimes. The youngest inmates are 15 and the oldest are 21. NCYF is a "maximum security institution" that was designed to separate young violent offenders from adult offenders, and to assist young inmates by providing them with the help they need to change their behavior.

All inmates are required to participate in the educational opportunities provided by the facility. They are required to meet standards that are set forth by the prison on a person-by-person basis. Each inmate has the opportunity to earn a GED and to take community college level courses. The parents of inmates may follow their child's progress through communication with staff. While at NCYF, inmates are given the opportunity to work as teacher assistants, gardeners, recreational leaders, and kitchen staff. The facility's recreation program also provides an array of activities, from basketball leagues to ping-pong tournaments. An annual 10k is held, in which the inmates race with staff members. NCYF monitors the health of its occupants, in part, by providing drug rehabilitation counseling and by performing weekly drug tests.

A program unique to NCYF is "Project HEART." Prisoners who have met specified behavioral and educational requirements may train a pet dog. The dogs, deemed unfit for adoption because of behavioral problems, are given a home in the prison yard. A qualified inmate may be given a dog to take care of for a period of time. He (NCYF only holds male inmates) may bring the dog with him to his classes and activities. He is ultimately responsible for teaching the dog. After a period of training, the dogs receive "Good Canine Citizen Awards" and are set up for adoption through the Nebraska Humane Society. Inmates whose dogs are placed with a family, are given the opportunity to talk to the family, via phone, and give them tips on how the dog has been trained.

As a measure of the success it has experienced in rehabilitating violent offenders, NCYF received a 99.7 percent initial accreditation in August of 2000 from the American Correctional Association (ACA), formerly the National Prison Association.

Ending Repeat Offenses

Once out of detention, youths face the challenge of readjusting to "free" life. For many, youth detainment places a halt in a pattern of destructive behavior. Once out of prison, the youth must create a pattern of life separate from criminal activity. To assist in this process, courts have attempted to implement helpful social services for former inmates and their families. Some of these are job placement, school follow-up, extended counseling, and extended drug rehab. The Functional Family Therapy (FFT) program assists youth on parole by helping them and their families communicate in more effective, positive ways.

Functional Family Therapy (FFT)

The Functional Family Therapy program helps adolescents on probation - and their families. A family therapist works with the family and helps individual family members see how they can positively motivate change in their home. The program works in three phases. During the first phase, the therapist attempts to break down resistance to therapy and encourages the family to believe that negative communication and interaction patterns can be changed. In the second phase, family members are taught new ways to approach day-to-day situations; they are shown how to change their behaviors and responses to situations. During the third phase, family members are encouraged to move new relational skills into other social situations (school, or the workplace, for instance). FFT reduces recidivism rates and juvenile delinquency at a low cost. Twelve FFT sessions cost approximately one-sixth the cost of detaining a youth for one month. Another positive effect of the program is that the siblings of the youth on parole are less likely to commit crimes because of the help their family has received.

Ineffective Prevention Strategies

Scare Tactics

Currently, Americans are steering away from this tactic, as it has proven rather ineffective, but during the 1990s it was a technique that politicians and the greater community put much confidence in. Slogans such as "get tough on crime" and "adult time for adult crime" spoke to the common-sense core of many people who worried about rising juvenile crime rates. The basic ideology centered on the idea that crime rates were high because youth were not afraid of facing juvenile detention. General opinion held that the system had become too soft; the threat of confinement was not deterring youth from criminal activity.

Several major shifts occurred during this time:

Juvenile courts gave increased jurisdiction to adult, criminal courts. Courts authorized easier transfers of juveniles into the adult criminal court and, in some states, waived their authority over specified crimes.

Youths were sent to adult prisons in increased numbers. Younger offenders were sent to adult prisons as states tightened their definition of who was a child, and more court decisions placed youth in adult confinement.

Youths were issued longer prison sentences in the adult system than they would have been given in the juvenile justice system. Most of those sentenced, however, were not required to serve the full length of their prison terms.

The harsher penalties that came with the era of hard-time scare tactics were intended to lower crime rates and to express to youth that crime would not be tolerated. These penalties, however, did not achieve their intended effects. The approach was grounded in the idea that youth could be managed through fear. But fear was not a forceful impetus to motivate youth toward positive behavior. No direct correlation was witnessed between harsher sentencing and fewer first-time arrests, and youth that had been placed in the adult system actually had a higher recidivism rate than similar juveniles placed in juvenile detention facilities.

"Juvenile Boot Camp" and "Scared Straight"

In the years that "get tough on crime" policies were being established, various new programs were also attempted. One such program, Juvenile Boot Camp, received high publicity but had little success. "At risk" youth were placed into intense, structured, severe environments that were modeled after military boot camps. The Juvenile Boot Camps were intended to teach youth about structure and discipline but their success rates, which were measured based on their ability to prevent kids from committing future crimes, were low. For some youth, the programs were actually counter-productive. Another program, "Scared Straight," brought parole/probation youth into interactions with adult prisoners through meetings or short-term incarcerations. The program was designed to make young offenders frightened of the violent adult prison system. According to the Surgeon General at the time, the program was not effective.

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Model programs have assisted families and children by providing them with information. Some programs inform parents on how to raise healthy children; some teach children about the effects of drugs, gangs, sex, and weapons; and others aim to express to youth the innate worth they and all others have.

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1. What is the video message?

2. What does the speaker want to say? Firstly, .... Secondly,.... Finally, ....

3. What do you agree with? What is the most interesting/useful idea for you?

4. Put down 7-8 more important ideas the speaker points out.

5. What can you say in conclusion? In conclusion, .....

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Questions Every Teenager Needs to Be Asked | Laurence Lewars | TEDxDhahranHighSchool

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Make a crossword "Types of Crimes". Add colour and pictures! Print it out for your classmates to solve!

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Make a crossword "Types of Crimes". Add colour and pictures! Print it out for your classmates to solve!

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10 words

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Conditionals
Miller Marija

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Party | Conditionals | ESL Classics - songs for learning English

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Learn English With Movies Scenes - Conditionals

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Kristina S

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Conditionals Song - Rockin' English (If you study, you will pass...)

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Animated musical English lesson teaching the conditionals (first, second and third). Sing along, learn English and rock! Lyrics: Teacher says, "We've got a test." Teacher says, "We've got a test tomorrow." If you study, you will pass. If you study, you can pass the test. Teacher says, "We've got a test."

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Kaire

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I am going to help homeless animals,recucle litter

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How can I do the world a better place?
First of all, I can go volunteering. There I can help other people and nature. All people can make a world a better place. For examle, they can help homeless animals or poeple who don't have enough money to live. In my life I've done some good things for people by helping them with money or with the way to home. Moreover, I don't throw litter outside my house))). In the Future I would like to be a volunteer to collect the rubbish

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We need to find out more about what you buy/wear/use,stop polluting the water and plant trees.

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-I can sort garbage
-I can become a volunteer after graduation school or now
-I always used glass bottle for water, instead of disposable plastic bottle
-we should conduct different free courses for poor children
-Help my family with homework:3

Kristina S

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I can help old people with work at home
I can recycle litter
I can feed homeless animals
I can be a volunteer in projects

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To make the world better in the next two years I want to try and live with a zero waste method. I read a lot about it and a lot of sites say, that even you do this for two weeks it still makes a big difference. Also I'd like to try volunteering. It sounds fun, helps our humanity become better and makes happier you and one's you help.