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Food processing is the technique which converts raw food items into well-cooked and preserved eatables. For processing , the best quality  of raw materials is used by the industry, which caters to our daily consumption. But do you know how they do all the hard work?Following are some techniques and methods that are used to convert raw food into processed food :DryingThis is perhaps the oldest method used by humans to preserve or process their food. Drying reduces the water content in the product , which in turn reduces the likelihood of bacterial growth. When it comes to process cereal grains like wheat, maize, oats, rice, barley, grams and rye etc., drying process is used.PreservationThis includes heating (or boiling) in order to destroy micro-organisms, oxidation, toxic inhibition, dehydration or drying, osmotic inhibition, freezing, a sort of cold pasteurization which destroys pathogens and various combinations of all these methods.SmokingMany foods such as meat, fish and others are processed, preserved and flavored by the use of smoke mostly in big smoke houses. The food processing technique is quite simple, and the combination of smoke with the aroma of hydro-carbons generated from the smoke processes the food enhances the taste.FreezingThis is the most common technique used in modern world to preserve or process the food both on commercial and domestic basis. A wide range of products can be frozen to process at the same time with the help of huge cold storage facilities.SaltingSalt sucks out the moisture from the food, hence is used in food processing . Meat is the best example of the food processed by salting as nitrates are used very frequently to treat meat.Vacuum packsHere, the food is packed in airtight bags and bottles in a vacuum area. An air-tight environment doesn’t provide oxygen needed by germs especially bacteria to survive. This method is very commonly used for preserving processed nuts.SugaringIn this method fruits such as apples, peaches and plums are cooked with sugar until they are crystallized and then it is stored dry.PicklingIn this method of food processing , the food is cooked in chemicals and materials (which are fit for human and animal consumption) which destroy micro-organisms. Usually , these include brine, vinegar, ethanol, vegetable oil and many other types of oils. Pickling is very commonly seen in vegetables such as cabbage and peppers.These are some of the frequently used methods of preserving or food processing. These methods are performed under strict guidelines and regulations so as to achieve maximum efficiency and preservation.This Food Safety Month, get familiar with the various aspects of Food Safety like Food Storage, Food Processing, Personal Hygiene, Packaging & Labelling and Cleaning & Sanitation.

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Food processing is the technique which converts raw food items into well-cooked and preserved eatables. For processing , the best quality  of raw materials is used by the industry, which caters to our daily consumption. But do you know how they do all the hard work?Following are some techniques and methods that are used to convert raw food into processed food :DryingThis is perhaps the oldest method used by humans to preserve or process their food. Drying reduces the water content in the product , which in turn reduces the likelihood of bacterial growth. When it comes to process cereal grains like wheat, maize, oats, rice, barley, grams and rye etc., drying process is used.PreservationThis includes heating (or boiling) in order to destroy micro-organisms, oxidation, toxic inhibition, dehydration or drying, osmotic inhibition, freezing, a sort of cold pasteurization which destroys pathogens and various combinations of all these methods.SmokingMany foods such as meat, fish and others are processed, preserved and flavored by the use of smoke mostly in big smoke houses. The food processing technique is quite simple, and the combination of smoke with the aroma of hydro-carbons generated from the smoke processes the food enhances the taste.FreezingThis is the most common technique used in modern world to preserve or process the food both on commercial and domestic basis. A wide range of products can be frozen to process at the same time with the help of huge cold storage facilities.SaltingSalt sucks out the moisture from the food, hence is used in food processing . Meat is the best example of the food processed by salting as nitrates are used very frequently to treat meat.Vacuum packsHere, the food is packed in airtight bags and bottles in a vacuum area. An air-tight environment doesn’t provide oxygen needed by germs especially bacteria to survive. This method is very commonly used for preserving processed nuts.SugaringIn this method fruits such as apples, peaches and plums are cooked with sugar until they are crystallized and then it is stored dry.PicklingIn this method of food processing , the food is cooked in chemicals and materials (which are fit for human and animal consumption) which destroy micro-organisms. Usually , these include brine, vinegar, ethanol, vegetable oil and many other types of oils. Pickling is very commonly seen in vegetables such as cabbage and peppers.These are some of the frequently used methods of preserving or food processing. These methods are performed under strict guidelines and regulations so as to achieve maximum efficiency and preservation.This Food Safety Month, get familiar with the various aspects of Food Safety like Food Storage, Food Processing, Personal Hygiene, Packaging & Labelling and Cleaning & Sanitation.

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Freezing is keeping prepared food stuffs in cold storages. Potatoes can be stored in dark rooms but potato preparations need to be frozen.

Smoking is the process that cooks, flavours and preserves food exposing it to the smoke from burning wood. Smoke is antimicrobial and antioxidant and most often meats and fish are smoked.  Various methods of smoking are used like Hot smoking, Cold smoking, Smoke roasting and Smoke baking. Smoking as a preservative enhances the risk of cancer.

Vacuum packing creates a vacuum by making bags and bottles airtight. Since there is no oxygen in the created vacuum bacteria die. Usually used for dry fruit.

Salting and Pickling: Salting also known as curing removes moisture from foods like meat. Pickling means preserving food in brine (salt solution) or marinating in vinegar (acetic acid) and in Asia, oil is used to preserve foods. Salt kills and inhibits growth of microorganisms at 20% of concentration. There are various methods of pickling like chemical pickling and fermentation pickling. In commercial pickles sodium benzoate or EDTA is added to increase shelf life.

Sugar is used in syrup form to preserve fruits or in crystallized form if the material to be preserved is cooked in the sugar till crystallization takes place like candied peel and ginger. Another use is for glazed fruit that gets superficial coating of sugar syrup. Sugar is also used with alcohol to preserve luxury foods like fruit in brandy.
ROSE ANNE PHILIP
11 B

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PreservationThis includes heating (or boiling) in order to destroy micro-organisms, oxidation, toxic inhibition, dehydration or drying, osmotic inhibition, freezing, a sort of cold pasteurization which destroys pathogens and various combinations of all these methods.SmokingMany foods such as meat, fish and others are processed, preserved and flavored by the use of smoke mostly in big smoke houses. The food processing technique is quite simple, and the combination of smoke with the aroma of hydro-carbons generated from the smoke processes the food enhances the taste.FreezingThis is the most common technique used in modern world to preserve or process the food both on commercial and domestic basis. A wide range of products can be frozen to process at the same time with the help of huge cold storage facilities.SaltingSalt sucks out the moisture from the food, hence is used in food processing . Meat is the best example of the food processed by salting as nitrates are used very frequently to treat meat.Vacuum packsHere, the food is packed in airtight bags and bottles in a vacuum area. An air-tight environment doesn’t provide oxygen needed by germs especially bacteria to survive. This method is very commonly used for preserving processed nuts.

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PreservationThis includes heating (or boiling) in order to destroy micro-organisms, oxidation, toxic inhibition, dehydration or drying, osmotic inhibition, freezing, a sort of cold pasteurization which destroys pathogens and various combinations of all these methods.SmokingMany foods such as meat, fish and others are processed, preserved and flavored by the use of smoke mostly in big smoke houses. The food processing technique is quite simple, and the combination of smoke with the aroma of hydro-carbons generated from the smoke processes the food enhances the taste.FreezingThis is the most common technique used in modern world to preserve or process the food both on commercial and domestic basis. A wide range of products can be frozen to process at the same time with the help of huge cold storage facilities.SaltingSalt sucks out the moisture from the food, hence is used in food processing . Meat is the best example of the food processed by salting as nitrates are used very frequently to treat meat.Vacuum packsHere, the food is packed in airtight bags and bottles in a vacuum area. An air-tight environment doesn’t provide oxygen needed by germs especially bacteria to survive. This method is very commonly used for preserving processed nuts.

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A few of the many methods for food processing!

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A few of the many methods for food processing!

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Drying- Drying reduces the water content in the product, which reduces the chances of occurrence of existing bacteria or an upcoming growth of a new bacteria.When it comes to process cereal grains like wheat, maize, oats, rice, barley, grams and rye etc., drying process is used.
Preserving- it involves the heating, oxidation, boiling e.t.c of the food particles to eradicate any existing bacteria and to prevent new ones to grow and occur.
Smoking- it is widely done to products like chicken, meat and fish e.t.c... The process is simple and involves the products to be processed, preserved and flavoured by the use of smoke. It removed unwanted particles and highly enhances the aroma and taste of the products.
Freezing- This is the most common technique used in modern world to preserve or process the food both on commercial and domestic basis. A wide range of products can be frozen from simple refrigerators to high cold storage facilities!
Salting- Salt sucks out the moisture from the food, hence is used in food processing . Meat is the best example of the food processed by salting as nitrates are used very frequently to treat meat. Sodium nitrate happens to be the most common one used to treat meat.

Vikram Matlani
11-P

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1)      Dehydration is the process of drying food by artificial heat and air circulation.

In this, the food is surrounded by warm air, which has the capacity to hold more moisture. Fresh air is circulated around the food. Then, the food is heated in a vacuum, which leads to loss of moisture at a very low temperature.

2)      Canning is the process of packing raw or cooked food in cans, leaving some head space. These cans are then heated at a very high temperature and sealed and processed in either a pressure canner or a water bath.

3)      Freezing involves keeping the food at below 0o C temperature, which results in conversion of water (present in food) to ice. Freezing also helps to preserve the nutrients of the food.

4)      Blanching is when food is dipped in boiling water for 2-5 minutes depending on the texture and kind of food. This helps in killing microorganisms, inactivating enzymes and removing entrapped gases. It also makes the food soft and helps to peel off its skin.

5)      Salting helps restrain the growth of microorganisms. In this process, food is either submerged in concentrated salt solution called brine or salt is rubbed on the food. Salt acts as a dehydrating agent, resulting in osmosis where water is drawn from food. Water is thus unavailable for growth of microorganisms.

~Aakanksha Dogra

{11-B}

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1.CANNING
Canning is the process of heating the product at a specified temperature for a specific length of time(pasteurizing
2. FERMENTATION
Fermenting is the process of converting carbohydrates to organic acids using microorganisms-yeast or bacteria under anaerobic conditions.
3. CURING
Modern curing methods often reduce the amount of salt and nitrite,which may require that you refrigerate or freeze the final product. It is similar to pickling and uses salt,acid and/nitrite.
And it is used for meat and fish
4. SEALING
Sealing is a process of covering food to keep out air,which delays( but does not stop) the activity of spoilage organisms. It is used primarily as a complementary process to other methods such as Drying and Freezing
~Rajeswari Sathyavageeswaran
11-D

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1.Smoking

Many foods such as meat, fish and others are processed, preserved and flavored by the use of smoke in big smoke houses. The food processing technique is simple, and the combination of smoke with the aroma of hydro-carbons generated from the smoke processes the food , and enhances the taste.

2.Freezing

The most common technique used in modern world to preserve or process the food both on commercial and domestic basis. A wide range of products can be frozen to process together with the help of huge cold storage facilities.

3.Vacuum packs

The food is packed in airtight bags and bottles in a vacuum area. An air-tight environment doesn’t provide oxygen needed by germs especially bacteria to survive. This method is very commonly used for preserving processed nuts.

4.Pickling

In this process , the food is cooked in chemicals and materials (which are fit for human and animal consumption) which destroy micro-organisms. Usually , these include brine, vinegar, ethanol, vegetable oil and many other types of oils. Pickling is very commonly seen in vegetables such as cabbage and peppers.

5. Liquefaction

Such as to produce fruit juice e.g mango juice, orange juice , etc.

It means to turn something into a liquid state.
-Sarabani Rukun Uddin
11 D

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METHODS OF FOOD PROCESSING
1.Chemical Processing

Adding different chemicals to packaged food . Chemicals added to preserve food are necessary to keep them safe and edible
Salt, sugar , spices , artificial sweeteners etc..are some of the natural and man made extras added to food during processing .
2.Pasteurization
Pasteurizing means heating the product to a specific temperature for a controlled time period to kill harmful organisms. It is also used for fruit and vegetable juices.
3. Drying

This is perhaps the oldest method used by humans to preserve or process their food. Drying reduces the water content in the product , which in turn reduces the bacterial growth. Example cereal grains like wheat, maize, oats, rice, barley, grams etc...
4. Salting

Salt sucks out the moisture from the food, hence is used in food processing . Meat is the best example of the food processed by salting as nitrates are used very frequently to treat meat.

5. Sugaring

In this method fruits such as apples, peaches and plums are cooked with sugar until they are crystallized and then it is stored dry.
~ Marwa Wajid
11-D