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Broderick, P.C., & Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human Development for helping professionals (3rd ed.).  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

Big Five Chart Image [Big Five] Retrieved March 23, 2018 from http://cronkitehhh.personal.asu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/big5traits.png

Life Expectancy Image, [Adult Growing Image] Retrieved March 23, 2018 from https://ocean.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Life-expectancy.jpg

Family Life Cycle Image [Life Cycle Image] Retrieved from March 23, 2018 https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thefamilylifecycle-100731221435-phpapp01/95/the-family-life-cycle-6-728.jpg?cb=1280614543

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Throughout the life span, changes involves both gains and losses, but the relative balance of these gains and losses shift as people move toward old age.

This theory provides a way of organizing developmental processes across the life cycle. Rather than viewing them as disconnected parts of a life story, counselors can interpret the choices people make and adapt as a result of their development.(Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 417).

This theory also emphasizes the importance of learning about successful or effective development. (Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 417).

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Influences on Adult Development Sources of Change 

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Influences on Adult Development Sources of Change 

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Some physical changes that occur overtime include declines in sensory ability, reproductive ability, appearance, and weight gain.

Cognitive changes include a mixed pattern of improvement and declines in mechanics and pragmatics.  Declines can be seen through taking in and processing information.  Also, there are declines in working memory dealing with problem solving and making decisions.

Although the working memory is negatively affected, semantic memory continues to expand with age and able to handle life experiences in a more mature way.  This works in solving problems because of the experience an older person may have. (Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 456).

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Influences on Adult Development Sources of Stability

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Influences on Adult Development Sources of Stability

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The BIG FIVE factor model of personality represent the most basic dimensions of personality such as neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience.

(Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 421).

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Humans have a need to understand life and to see them making sense.  Their lives need to have a purpose to provide a connection to past, present, and future.  When people have this purpose, they feel as though they have control and helps understand the reason they do what they do.  They can justify their actions and develop continuation of morals, values, and beliefs.  This sense of meaning helps aging adults to gain self worth and self value. (Broderick& Blewitt, 2010, pg. 466).

In self-determination theory three needs are said to motivate adaptation and needs at any age which include autonomy (Independence), competence (intelligence), and relatedness (connectivity). (Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg.517).  These three needs help an aging adult feel needed and valued therefore living a healthier and determined life.   These elements lead to a happy and satisfied life.

Social relationships are also essential to well-being.  Giving and receiving social support are both important.  People who are happy have better social relationships and more fulfilled lives. (Broderick&Bleiwitt, 2010, pg. 481).

Work is also linked to happiness.  People who feel needed and appreciated in their place of work attributes to his or her level of personal success.  There is an overall well being with making progress toward goals and having opportunity to practice new skills. (Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 481).

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A feeling that one is making competent progress towards challenging goals, both in work and in non work settings, is correlated with well being there adding to the development of the ever changing ego. (Broderick & Blewitt, 2010, pg. 464).

Along with the feeling of producing competence progress, in comes generativity which is a sense that one's skills and efforts are creativity  or productively contributing to the world to family, coworkers, community, or future generations. (Broderick & Blewitt, 2019, pg. 465) Therefore feeling as if he or she is attributing to the community or productivity is some sort will allow self appreciation and motivation to continue a health mind, body, and spirit.

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Marriage change as partners age and the demands of family life increase. The family life cycle is a normative, stage like sequence of traditional family development in intact marriages. (Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 435).

The family life cycle begins with mate selection based on similar interests, ideals, and love. Love is considered from three elements including passion, intimacy, and commitment.  Passion is most closely associated with sexuality and romance, while intimacy is the feeling of attachment and closeness to the significant other, leading us to commitment meaning to sustain the love that was created. Once the members of a couple make a commitment to one another they begin to develop a new relationship system that blends their two families together and hopes of starting a family of their own. This is where conflict can arise with merging of different family members, beliefs, and ideals.(Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 437).

Middle aged adults find themselves with dual care-giving responsibilities--parents to their children and caretaker for their aging parents.  This sandwiched position can be very stressful, depending on factors such as the availability of other sources of support. (Broderick&Blewitt, 2010, pg. 457).