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Mohenjodaro was located in the Indus River valley.Mohenjodaro was a city.

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The Great Bath was Mohenjadoro’s most dramatic citadel . The Great Bath was a pool built of waterproofed brick. Although it was important, it was only 39 feet long and 8 foot deep. This bath is something Egypt never had

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The most mysterious artifacts of MohenjdaroDaros were the small stone seals. The seals carved a lot of different artifacts, they carved with pictures, pictographs,sounds or ideas. The seals have been found in large groups. Archeologists don’t know what most of the 400 pictographs stand for. Many of the show animals such as buffalo, bulls,tigers,elephants,rhinoceros,fish and crocodiles. Scientists believe that the seals were use to keep away evil.

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They some of the same games as us like dice and balls and board games. They rolled balls on clay tracks for fun maze tracks. Some people believe the game of chest was invented by ancient India.

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~ Monsoon: A strong wind that brings heavy rain to Southern Asia in the summer.
~ Plateau: A flat area of land that is elevated, or raised, above the land around it.
~ Glacier: A huge mass of ice that slowly slides over a land area.

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The main belief is that people are suffering because they have a desire.

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Artifact-an object made or used by people.
Prehistoric-before written history.
Ritual-relating to a ceremony such as a religious ceremony.

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Ancient history concerns the distant past, from the earlist humans through the first great civilation. The earliest people are cave men and with cave men theres drawings witch are called cave paintings. Cave painting like thosev at Lascaux, France, provid clues about what life was like in prehistoric times, before writing was invented.

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Anthropologis:a scientist who studies human development and culture.
Remains:a dead body.
Biped:a two-footed animal
Migrate:to move from one region to another.
Land Bridge:a piece of land connecting two continents.

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An anstralopithecus in Africa called the earlist known group of hominids Australopithecus, or "southern ape." Donald Johnson wanted to call the group that Lucy belonged to Australopithecus afarensis so that's what there called.

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The Leakeys were searching for edivence of early hominids in Africa when they discovered some hominids bones. The bones were all over place next to artifacts that looked like tools. The Leakeys then decided to name their discovery Homo Habilis.

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Homo Erectus is a third type of hominid witch was discovered in 1891 by a Dutchman named Eugene Dobois. He and his team were searching for artifacts on the island of Java, off the southern coast of Asia, when they found a new type of hominid skull.

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Neanderthal lived after Upright Man, from 230,000 to 30,000 years ago. They lived in Africa, the Near East, Europ, and parts of Asia. The way the skeleton looked that was found in Germany led people to imagine that Neanderthal walked hunched over, with their hands being dragged on the ground.

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Early humans left behind alot of stuff behind that we were able to discover. The main thing that was the best the best thing is that they left behind wall paintings. The first person to find one of the paintings was a eght-year-old Spanish girl named Maria. She found the first painting because she was exploring a cave with her father and when she found the was when she made an amazing discovery.

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Domesticate: to train a wild animal to be useful to humans.
Agriculture: the business of farming.
Trade: the business of buying or exchanging items.
Ore: a mineral for its uses.

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The Paleolithic lived about 2 million years ago and lasted about 8000  B.C.E.
They got their food from looking place to place, looking for animals to  hunt and plants to get food.
Most of the time they took shelter in caves just like the caves in chapter 1.

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The Buddha was a man who lived in India from about 563 to 483 B.C.E. Before earning the title of Buddha, he was a young prince named Siddhartha Gautama.

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The Neolithic age began around 8000 B.C.E and lasted until about 3000 B.C.E. They got their food by farming and planting their own crops. They learned that sense they can grow there own crops that they should just settle in one place at a time. Some decided to stay at the east Mediterranean Sea, where the land was fertile. There shelters were that they built towns and villages such as Jericho, Catal   Hoyuk and jarmo.

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People created a stable food supply by creating there own farms because there were close to the Mediterranean Sea. They also had huge land to grow as much as they can.

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Neolithic shelters were made of packed mud, which helped keep people warm in winter and cool in summer.

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Living in places let people to farm and with that farming allowed people to form larger communities. They gathered food for about 20 to 60 people. Living in Communites also let them to organize themselves more efficiently.

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Having a stable food supply allowed people to develop new kinds of jobs. In Paleolithic times, the peoples main job was to find enough food to survie. Then they learned how to farm witch provided food and now they can develop more specialized skills.

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Social structure: the way a civilization is organized.
Technology: the use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes.
Status: importance.
Chariot: a two-wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse.
Scribe: a person who writes.
Ziggurat: an ancient Mesopotamia temple tower.
Arch: an upside-down U- or V-shaped structure that supports weight above it, as in a doorway.
Cuneiform: writing that uses wedge-shaped characters.
Pictograph: a symbol that stands for an object.

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- A stable food supply, so that the people of a society have the food they need to survive.
- A scocial structure with different social levels and jobs.
- A system of government, so that life in the society is orderly.
- A religious system, which involves a set of beliefs and forms of workshop.
- A highly developed culture that includes arts such as painting, architecture, music, and literature.
- Advance in technology.
- A highly written language.

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The upper classes are priests, land oweners, and government officials. They had biggest and nicer houses. In the middle classes there were merchants and craftspeople. They made luxury iteams  for the upper classes. The common class includes farmers and fishermen lived in mud brick houses. They were also forced to join the army. The lowest class you could be in is social class. They were slaves and lived with their owners because they no home that was there own.

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The Sumerian people were ruled by kings they believed the kings were chosen by gods. The three things the king did were that they chose the laws, they built temples, and led their states armie. The army include both professional soldiers and citizen soldiers. Some soldiers drove chariots and others were on foot.

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A religious system is something that includes a set of beliefs, usually in a god or gods, together with forms of worship. Sumerians expressed their religious tower called ziggurats. It was the kings job to buil and maintain the ziggurats. The towers were made of mud bricks and located near temples. They were so bigged that you were able to see them from 20 miles away.

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I am selling weapoons and cups. For both it is $10 for 1 it is $5. So buy today before the prices go up.

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1. Suffering is present in all things, and nothing lasts forever.
2. suffering is caused by craving (desires or wants).
3. The way to end suffering is to give up all cravings.
4. The way to give up all cravings is to live life according to the eightfold path.

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Capital: a city that is the center of government
Tribute: wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior
Siege: a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender
Aqueduct: a pipe or channel that brings water from distant places
Bas-relief: sculpture in which the image projects out from a flat surface
Astronomy: the study of stars and planets

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The Akkadian Empire took place in 2300 B.C.E. The ruler of the Akkadian Empire was Sargon for 56 years. Sargon is the type of leader that like to make different things. The Achievements they did was rule the Sumer but sumerians culture also lived on the Sumerians, Sumerians were used for techniques to farm. The empire became weaker and weaker. After 200 years, the Akkadian Empire fell to new invaders from the north.

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This empire took place in aboit 1750. The king was named Hammurabi. Hammurabi was known for his code of laws which he wrote from 1792 to 1750. The economy was like harsh under Hammurabi’s rules.

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This empire took place several hundred years ago. The ruler of this empire was still Hammurabi. People feared them because of there military. There achievements were their new great weapons. The empire eventually broke down because a group called the Medes plundered them.

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This empire started from 605 to 562 B.C.E. Nebuchadnezzar ruled this empire. The accomplishments of this empire were there hanging gardens and creating the first sundial. This empire lasted for about 200 years.

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The land in the Eastern Ghats are different from the western Ghats. That’s because the Eastern are higher, steeper, and have more narrow valleys. The Western Ghats has a wet climate that helps food grow.

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Rules Ancient Egypt
Controls Egypt’s food supply
Declares himself a god

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-in charge of all religious ceremonies
-did embalming
1. Remove the brains w/a look
2.Remove organs excepts the heart
3. Body soaked in Natron
4. Wrapped inlinen
5. Placed in Sarcophagus

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Government officials assist the Pharaoh. They gave the Pharaoh advice. Government Officials served as judges and generals for the army.

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Lowest and largest class.
Unskilled laborers.
Diet very simple no meat.They ate berries and grains.

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Scribes are people who are official writers and record keepers. All scribes were boys because the priests only teach the boys how to write. Scribes wrote in hieroglyphics to record the food and the laws. All scribes used a type of paper called papyrus.

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The artisans are skilled labors and craftspeople. The artisans are the middle class, so they get a little more stuff than the pheasants. The artisans made a lot of art for the king or the officials or the priests. The stone carvers  made  statues for the temples.

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Gists found a stone statue sever inches high, it might have shown how men might have looked and dressed. The figure has a short tidy beard, clean upper lip, hair tied, and he’s wearing a calm and noble expression. Beautiful stone beads in many shapes and colors have been found throughout Monhenjadaro. Women probably wore them as necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and rings.

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1. Create an understanding of the 4 noble truths.
2. Live a life of selflessnes
3.  Don't lie or gossip.
4.  Do not kill,steal or lie.
5. Do not harm people or living creatures.
6.Promote good actions and prevent bad ones.
7. Be aware of but not attached to your emotions.
8. Focus your mind with practices.

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He ruled about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E.
He built a pyramid.
The pyramid was made of more than 2 million stone blocks no one know how it was made it took more than 20 years to make.
The pharaoh buil magnificent pyramids built as tombs fir themselves and their families.

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The pharaoh Hatshepsut ruled from about 1473 to 1458 B.C.E.
One of Hatshepsut's greatest accomplishments was simply gaining power.She filled her government with loyal advisors. She demanded the same respect as a male ruler. Sometimes she wore men's clothing.The main part of the temple was built into a cliff above the Nile River. At the entrance were two tall, thin monuments called obelisks. The entrance was also graced by 200 sphinx statues. The sphinx is a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a man.

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He ruled from 1971 to 1926 B.C.E.
Crafts people thrived under senusret rule.
He made like fancy necklaces made out of gold,copper,and gems such as purple amethyst.
The white was a small temple it was made of alabaster a hard white stone.

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He ruled in 1290 to 1222.
He was known for his military leadership and for building numerous monuments.
One of his most impressive projects was the temple complex at Abu Simbel.
It was carved on the side of a cliff on a bank of the Nile river , four giant seated statues of Ramses framed  the figures were sculpted right out of the rock face of the cliff.

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The river begins in the Himalayas and rushes down the mountains to a valley. A monsoon causes the river to overflow and leave rich minerals. The Brahmaputra river then joins the Ganges river and between the two rivers the land is perfect for farming.

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The Ganges River flows across most of northern India, it starts at the Himalaya Mountains. The things that post the river is ice.

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Some types of animals are birds lizards and snakes. Water is a very important resource to the desert. Northern India is mostly sand and stone.

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The Himalaya Mountains are located along India's northern border. This mountain range is the highest in the world. Mount Everest, the world's tallest mountain, is part of the Himalayas.This movement causes Mount Everest to rise slightly every year.

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Most of the people from Mohenjodrao’s lived in the lower city. The house were only two stories high and the top of the houses were flat. The house were made from mud bricks🧱, the houses were faced narrow. The back of the houses were opened into a courtyard where families could gather.

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A sewer system carries waste out of homes. The sewer system allowed people to have bathrooms in their home. The sewage was emptied into the Indus River.

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Archeologists have found many clay models around Monhenjadaro, Most models are made of Terra cotta. They are pulling a person in a two wheeled cart. It might be a toy, but archeologists think it might have represented how farmers loaded their crops into carts. After treat three headed to the market and sold and traded their goods with other farmers.

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The Deccan plateau is a dry flat area. In the flat lands large rocks are formed by volcanoes which cover the land. The rocks are over 600 million years old. The higher lands have thin forests and low bushes. The soil is black, yellow, or red and is not good for farming.

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The indus river is compared to the nile river. The sediment leaves the surrounding soil rich and fertile. It gets its water from melted ice from hindu kush mountain

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Snow and ice permanently cover the steep slopes and peaks. The khyber pass is a 28 mile long gap between the mountain. It connects central asia to the india subcontinent.

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The Tibetan Plateau is cold and dry. Summer temperature average only 45 degrees Fahrenheit. Winters average out to 18 degrees. The annual precipitation is only 10 inches.

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There two main deserts the first one is the Taklamakan desert. The Taklamakan desert is considered one of the most dangerous deserts in the world. This desert can reach about up to 105,000 square miles. The second desert is the Gobi desert. This desert is one of the Largest deserts in the world. It stretches over 500,000 square miles. The Northeastern deserts are really hot the climate goes from sizzling hot in the summer to below freezing in the winter.

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This land is mostly grass and animals. The two major rivers flowing through are Liao and Sungari. The Liao is shallow and the Subgari is deep. There are short warm summers and cold in winter.

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The Northeastern Plain is located east of present-days Mongolia. Today this is called Inner Mongolia and sometimes Manchuria. The Northeastern Plain is generally rather cold and dry. During the short summer temperature reach to 75 degrees Fahrenheit and during the winter it falls to 10 degrees. The major rivers they have are the Liao and Sungari. The Liao is a shallow river and the Sungari river is really deep.

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The tempatures are cold in winter and hot in summer , again. The Geung He, a river, is filled with yellow silt. The Huang He is one of the longest/muddiest rivers. China plain is a good place to settle.

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The land in this area is wet. The Chang Jiang is even longer than the Heung He River. The climate is warm and wet. The Chang Jiang flows through three regions.

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Emperor Quin ruled China to 221 to 210 BCE. He was born in 259  BCE and was 13 years old. His nickname was QIN. Qin was 13-years-old when he became king. The philosophy he used to rule was Legalism.

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Standardize means to make the same. Emporor Qin standardized China by unifying the system laws. It was important to standardize money because it makes it easier to trade.

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Emperor Qin decided to build the Great Wall to protect the norther boarder. The wall took ten years to construct the Great Wall. The people who built the Great Wall were soldiers and peasants also some were teachers musicians writers and even artists. The conditions were very difficult it crossed high mountains and swamps even quicksand the weather was bitterly cold in the winter and blazing hot in the summer ten thousand men died and were buried inside the wall.

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Emporor Qin was unhappy because of all the executions. Qin died in 210 BCE. His tomb was huge and complex, followed by a group of sculptures. The Qin Dynasty was defeated 1974 BCE.

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A Chinese explorer named Zhang Qian is often called the father of the Silk Road. He is a traveler he traveled between China and it’s Western neighbors.