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1. Allegory-A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning.
Ex:The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis is a religious allegory with Asian as Christ and Edmund as Judas.

2. Characterization-The means by which writers present and reveal character.
EX: Readers come to understand the character Miss Emily in Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily" through what she says, how she lives, and what she does.

Flashback- An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
EX: There is a flashback when Scout asks Miss Maude about why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird.

Imagery- The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work.
EX:The Radley House; "The Radley "place jutted into a sharp curve beyond our house.

5. Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature.
Irony occurs with Scout and Jem's obsession with Boo Radley and their attempts to make him come outside.

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1. fiction- imaginary story that portrays a drama.
The movie Twilight is a fiction story.
2. climax- the turning point of the story.
The climax of The Maze Runner is the battle between monsters and man kind.
3. allegory- a symbolic story or poem
Forest Gump is an allegory.m
4. Falling action- opens the resolution of the story.
The falling action in The Maze Runner is when they escape.
5. Setting- the time and location of the story.
The setting of the story is Riverdale high school.

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Symbol - An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself. 
Black is used to represent death or evil.

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fiction- an imaginary story,  whether it be prose, poetry, or drama.
-the story about a talking ant is fiction.
hyperbole- a figure of sp8888888888888888888888888888eech  invnolving exaggeration.
- going the speed of light

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Elision- The omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable to preserve the meter of a line of poetry

ex:  'fish 'n' chips'

2. Sestet- A six-line unit of verse constituting a stanza or section of a poem
ex: It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.”

3. Recognition- The point at which a character understands his or her situation as it really is
ex: seeing each other
hearts stopped for a moment--
soul’s recognition

4. Pyrrhic- A metrical foot with two unstressed syllables ("of the").
ex: To a green thought in a green shade.”

5. Quatrain- A four-line stanza in a poem, the first four lines and the second four lines in a Petrachan sonnet.
ex: I see two
lips screaming for me.
Attentatively,
I do.

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Ballad- A narrative poem written in four- line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style. The Anonymous medieval ballad, "Barbara Allan," exemplifies the genre.
Caesura- A strong pause within a line of verse. He thought he'd 'list, perhaps,
Off-hand-like--just as I--
Was out of work-had sold his traps--
No other reason why.
Climax- The turning point of the action in the plot of a play or story. The climax of John Updike's "A&P," for example, occurs when Sammy quits his job as a cashier.
Allegory- A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning. Allegory often takes the form of a story in which characters represent moral qualities. The most famous example in English is John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, in which the name of the central character, Pilgrim, epitomizes the book's allegorical nature. Kay Boyle's story "Astronomer's Wife" and Christina Rossetti's poem "Up-Hill" both contain allegorical elements.
Aubade- a love lyric in which the speaker complains about the arrival of the dawn , when he must part from his lover. John Donne's "The Sun Rising" exemplifies this poetic genre.

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1. Climax-The turning point of the action in the plot of a play or story
ex:
2. Falling action-In the plot of a story or play, the action following the climax of the work that moves it towards its denouement or resolution
ex:
3.Setting-The time and place of a literary work that establish its context
ex:  in the scarlet letter the setting is Massachusetts Bay Colony
4. Theme- The idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character, and action, and cast in the form of a generalization
ex:
5. Tone- The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work
ex:

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1) Irony- expression of one´s meaning by using language that signifies the opposite, typically for humorous effect.
ex) The teacher said to the student great job you got a 20% on the test!
2) Flashback- an interruption of work´s chronology to describe or present an incident that occured prior to the main time frame of a work´s action.
ex) Gatsby had a flashback to the first time Daisy and him had met when they saw each other once again.
3) climax- the turning point of the action in a poem.
ex) The climax in Gatsby was when he was shot waiting for Daisy´s call.
4) Conflict- a struggle between opposing forces in a story.
ex) The conflict between Bucanon and Gatsby was strong.
5) Setting- the time and place of what is happening in the story.
ex) The setting of The Great Gatsby was in New York, in the roaring 20´s.

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foll-A character who contrasts and parallels the main character in a play or story. Lacerates, in Hamlet, is a foil for the main character; in Othello, Emilia and Bianca are foils for Desdemona.
Iamb-An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, as in to-DAY.

trochee- An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one, as in FOOT-ball.

spondee- two stressed symbols, such as Nick-Nack
Onomatopoeia -The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe.
"BANG, POW"

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1.Character- an imaginary person that inhabits a literary work.
EX: Gatsby, Daisy
2. Climax- the turning point of the action in the plot of a play or story.
EX: Gatsby punching Tom in the face.
Myrtle getting hit by the car and dying.
3. Recognition- The point at which a character understands his or her situation as it really is
EX: seeing each other
hearts stopped for a moment--
soul’s recognition.
4. Pyrrhic- A metrical foot with two unstressed syllables ("of the").
EX: To a green thought in a green shade.”
5. Quatrain- A four-line stanza in a poem, the first four lines and the second four lines in a Petrachan sonnet.
EX: I see two
lips screaming for me.
Attentatively,
I do.

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1. Flashback - an interruption of work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action. Ex -  nick learns the history of daisy and gatsby and of her marriage to tom narrated from jordan baker
2. internal conflict - occurring within a character's mind. Things such as the character views for, but can't quite reach.  Ex - Gatsby has internal conflict about his past when he is telling nick about his experiences and his love for daisy.

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1.Alliteration-the repetition of constant sounds. Ex:Fetched fresh, as I suppose, off some sweet wood.
2.Ballard-narrative poem written in four line stanzas. Ex:famous short poem,
3.Imagery- The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work.
Example: The Radley House; "The Radley place jutted into a sharp curve beyond our house.
4.Conflict: A struggle between opposing forces in a story or play. ex: Romeo and Juliet
5.Symbol - An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself.

the color red represents blood

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1. climax-  the turning point of the action in a poem.
2.  Conflict- A struggle between opposing forces.
3. epic- a long narrative poem that records the adventure of a hero.
4. meter- a measured rytheme of poems.
5. plot- the unified of incidents in a literary work.

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1. Allegory-A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning.
EX:The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis is a religious allegory with Aslan as Christ and Edmund as Judas.

2. Characterization-The means by which writers present and reveal character.
EX: Readers come to understand the character Miss Emily in Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily" through what she says, how she lives, and what she does.

3. Flashback- An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
EX: There is a flashback when Scout asks Miss Maude about why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird.

4. Imagery- The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work.
EX:The Radley House; "The Radley "place jutted into a sharp curve beyond our house.

5. Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature.
EX: Irony occurs with Scout and Jem's obsession with Boo Radley and their attempts to make him come outside.

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wrapping up
The conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction, dialogue is typically enclosed within quotation marks. In plays, characters' speech is preceded by their names.
_"I dont like chicken", jerry said.
"Neither do I" ,replied james

Fiction-An imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama.
-The story about a princess is fiction

Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature.

Flashback - An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
Ex: In a story about a girl who is afraid of heights, there is a flashback to a time when she fell off of the top of a playground as a young child.

Trochee
An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one.

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1.) Conflict - A struggle between two opposing forces in a play or story.
2.) Metaphor - A comparison which does not use like or as.
He was a cheetah on the track today.
3.)  Setting - The time and place in which a literary work takes place.
The setting of the great Gatsby is New York in the early 1900's.
4.) Simile - A comparison that uses the words like or as.
She looked like a puffer fish after eating such a large meal.
5.)  Point of view - The angle of vision in which the story is narrated.
The Maze Runner takes place in a first person point of view.

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The conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction, dialogue is typically enclosed within quotation marks. In plays, characters' speech is preceded by their names.
_"I don't like steak", Mark said.
"Neither do I" replied Ryan

Fiction-An imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama.
-The story about the alien is fiction

Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature.
- a pilot has a fear of heights

Flashback - An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
Ex: to go back to the event that happened he needed to flashback and look at his past

Trochee
An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one.

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1. Villanelle-A nineteen-line lyric poem that relies heavily on repetition.  Bishop's "One Art," TheodoreRoethke's "The Waking," and Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night."
2. Pyrrhic- A metrical foot with two unstressed syllables Example (of the )
3. Onomatopoeia- The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe. Words such as buzz and crack are onomatopoetic.  An example is: When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,  The line too labors, and the words move slow.
4. Hyperbole- A figure of speech involving exaggeration. An example is: Go and Catch a Falling Star
5. Simile- A figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though. An example: "My love is like a red, red rose."

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1. Symbol- An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself. The road in Frost's "The Road Not Taken"
2. Trochee- an accented syllable followed by an unaccented one. Edgar Allan Poe's “The Raven”
3. Figurative language
A form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something. hyperbole or exaggeration
4. Diction- the selection of words in a literary work. The Sun Rising
5. Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces in a story or play. Romeo and Juliet.

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1. Conflict- A struggle between opposing forces in a story or play.
2. Iamb- An unstressed syllable followed  by a stressed one,.
3. Narrative Poem- A poem that tells a story.
4. Symbol- An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself.
5. Pyrrhic- A metrical foot with two unstressed syllable.

1.Gatsby vs. Buchanan
2. to-DAY
3. "The Canterbury Tales"
4. The Scarlet Letterr
5. "of the"

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1.Irony-  expression of one's meaning by using language that signifies the opposite, typically for humorous effect.
ex:  A fire station burns down
2. Pyrrhic- a metrical foot with two unstressed syllables
ex:
3. Metonymy- a figure of speech in which a closely related term is substituted for an object or area.
ex: The pen is mightier than the sword".
4. Personification- giving something nonhuman human characteristics.
ex: The sun happily greeted everyone good morning.
5.Foll- a character who contrast and parallels the main character in a play or story.
ex: Elizabeth foils Abigail's plans to get rid of her.

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1. Personification- The endowment of inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate or living qualities. An example: "The yellow leaves flaunted their color in the breeze." Wordsworth's "I wandered lonely as a cloud".
2. Villanelle-A nineteen-line lyric poem that relies heavily on repetition.  Bishop's "One Art," Roethke's "The Waking," and Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night."
3. Hyperbole- A figure of speech involving exaggeration. An example is: Go and Catch a Falling Star
4. Simile- A figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though. An example: "My love is like a red, red rose."
5. Onomatopoeia- The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe. An example is: boom or splash.

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1. Parody
A humorous, mocking imitation of a literary work, sometimes sarcastic, but often playful and even respectful in its playful imitation.
ex) Sonnet by William Shakespeare.
2. Plot
The unified structure of incidents in a literary work.
ex) the teacher has to save the kids.
3. Protagonist
The main character of a literary work--Hamlet and Othello in the plays named after them.
ex) Nick Carraway from The Great Gatsby.
4. Resolution
The sorting out or unraveling of a plot at the end of a play, novel, or story.
ex) I
5. Setting
The time and place of a literary work that establish its context.
ex) 1903's New York in the Great Gatsby.

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Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words. Example: "Fetched fresh, as I suppose, off some sweet wood." Hopkins, "In the Valley of the Elwy."

Anapest
Two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one, as in com-pre-HEND or in-ter-VENE. An anapestic meter rises to the accented beat as in Byron's lines from "The Destruction of Sennacherib": "And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea, / When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee."

Antagonist
A character or force against which another character struggles. Creon is Antigone's antagonist in Sophocles' play Antigone; Teiresias is the antagonist of Oedipus in Sophocles' Oedipus the King.

Assonance
The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry or prose, as in "I rose and told him of my woe." Whitman's "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" contains assonantal "I's" in the following lines: "How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick, / Till rising and gliding out I wander'd off by myself."

Aubade
A love lyric in which the speaker complains about the arrival of the dawn, when he must part from his lover. John Donne's "The Sun Rising" exemplifies this poetic genre.

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1. Characterization: by which writers present and reveal characters.
- Characterizing a kind girl: She gently knelt down and stretched out her hand to help her friend return to her feet after her friend fell on the field.

2. Climax: the turning point of the action in the plot of a play or story.
-   A little girl has been looking for her lost dog. She hears a bark coming from around the corner, and she looks around to see . . .

3. Flashback: an interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
- In a story about a girl who is afraid of heights, there is a flashback to a time when she fell off of the top of a playground as a young child.

4. Imagery: the pattern of related comparative aspect of language, particularly of images, in a literary work.
- I could hear the popping and crackling as mom dropped the bacon into the frying pan, and soon the salty, greasy smell wafted toward me.

5. symbol: an object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself.
- In Greek mythology, the Gods are all symbols for forces of nature

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1. Personification-
The endowment of inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate or living qualities.
ex:) The sun smiled at us.

2. Theme - the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic.
ex:)The theme of Toy Story is friendship.

3. Fiction- An imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama.
Ex:) The Great Gatsby is a fictional story.

4. Hyperbole- A figure of speech involving exaggeration.
Ex:) It was so cold I saw polar bears wearing jackets.

5. Stanza- a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse.
Ex:) `I know you exist

at a distant mile

behind an anger smile

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1. Falling action- The action following the climax of the work that moves it towards its denouement or resolution.
ex) The falling action of Othello begins after Othello realizes that Iago is responsible for plotting against him by spurring him on to murder his wife, Desdemona.
2. Flashback- An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
ex) Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily" includes flashbacks.

3. Foil- A character who contrasts and parallels the main character in a play or story.
ex) Laertes, in Hamlet, is a foil for the main character; in Othello, Emilia and Bianca are foils for Desdemona
4. Hyperbole- A figure of speech involving exaggeration.
ex) John Donne uses hyperbole in his poem: "Song: Go and Catch a Falling Star."

5. Iamb- An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.
ex) to-DAY.

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Imagery
The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work. Imagery of light and darkness pervade James Joyce's stories "Araby," "The Boarding House," and "The Dead." So, too, does religious imagery.

etonymy
A figure of speech in which a closely related term is substituted for an object or idea. An example: "We have always remained loyal to the crown." See Synecdoche.

Octave
An eight-line unit, which may constitute a stanza; or a section of a poem, as in the octave of a sonnet.

Pyrrhic
A metrical foot with two unstressed syllables ("of the").

Sestet
A six-line unit of verse constituting a stanza or section of a poem; the last six lines of an Italian sonnet. Examples: Petrarch's "If it is not love, then what is it that I feel," and Frost's "Design.

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 The Policeman wrestles with his conscience in an inner conflict and confronts an antagonist in the person of the ballad singer.

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Eng III Periods 3-4 | Wrapping up Poetry:

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Eng III Periods 3-4 | Wrapping up Poetry:

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Theme:
The idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character, and action, and cast in the form of a generalization.

Stanza
a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse.
Ex: Closed Couplet

Fiction
An imagined story, whether in
prose, poetry, or drama.
Ex: The Great Gatsby

Flashback
An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
Ex: In a story about a girl who is afraid of heights, there is a flashback to a time when she fell off of the top of a playground as a young child.

Trochee
An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one.

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Theme
The idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character, and action, and cast in the form of a generalization.
Example: See discussion of Dickinson's "Crumbling is not an instant's Act."

Tone
The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work, as, for example, Flannery O'Connor's ironic tone in her "Good Country People.
Example: " See Irony.

Trochee
An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one, as in FOOT-ball.

Understatement
A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration.
Example: The last line of Frost's "Birches" illustrates this literary device: "One could do worse than be a swinger of birches."

Villanelle
A nineteen-line lyric poem that relies heavily on repetition. The first and third lines alternate throughout the poem, which is structured in six stanzas --five tercets and a concludingquatrain.
Examples include Bishop's "One Art," Roethke's "The Waking," and Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

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Tercet
A three-line stanza, as the stanzas in Frost's. The three-line stanzas or sections that together constitute the sestet of a Petrarchan or Italian sonnet.

Villanelle
A nineteen-line lyric poem that relies heavily on repetition.

Sestina
A poem of thirty-nine lines and written in iambic pentameter.

Quatrain
A four-line stanza in a poem, the first four lines and the second four lines in a Petrachan sonnet.

Recognition
The point at which a character understands his or her situation as it really is.

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1. Ode-long, stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form. Usually a serious poem on an exalted subject, such as Horace's "Eheu fugaces," but sometimes a more lighthearted work, such as Neruda's .
2. Synecdoche-A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. An example: "Lend me a hand."
3. Spondee-A metrical foot represented by two stressed syllables, such as KNICK-KNACK.
4. Onomatopoeia-The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe. Words such as buzz and crack are onomatopoetic. The following line from Pope's "Sound and Sense" onomatopoetically imitates in sound what it describes:

When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
The line too labors, and the words move slow.
5. Iamb-An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, as in to-DAY.

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Dialogue
The conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction, dialogue is typically enclosed within quotation marks. In plays, characters' speech is preceded by their names.
_"I dont like chicken", Mark said.
"Neither do I" ,replied Steven

Fiction-An imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama.
-The story about a princess is fiction

Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature.
- During a tornado saying "Oh geez what nice weather we got her ay"

Flashback
An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
-In a movie when a scene goes back in time is a flashback

Narrator- a person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem.
- Hannah Baker is the narrator of 13 reasons why.

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Fiction-An imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama.
EX. Romana The Brave

Free verse- Poetry without a regular pattern of meter or rhyme.
EX.The fog comes
on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.

Meter - The measured pattern of rhythmic accents in poems.
EX. That time l of year l thou mayst l in me l behold

Plot- The unified structure of incidents in a literary work
EX.  Charlotte's Web, Wilbur is saved from death by Fern, but then he is sent to live at her uncle's farm, where the plan is that he will one day be butchered.

Rhyme- The matching of final vowel or consonant sounds in two or more words. The following stanza of "Richard Cory" employs alternate rhyme, with the third line rhyming with the first and the fourth with the second.
EX. tricky and picky

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1.Tone
The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work. The writer changed the tone often during the story.
2. Rising action
A set of conflicts and crises that constitute the part of a play's or story's plot leading up to the climax. The witch accusations in The Crucible.
3.Elision
The omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable to preserve the meter of a line of poetry. Alexander uses elision in "Sound and Sense": "Flies o'er th' unbending corn...."

4. Dialogue
The conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction, dialogue is typically enclosed within quotation marks. In plays, characters' speech is preceded by their names.
5.Flashback
An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.

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1. Iamb - An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.
Ex.)  to-DAY.
2. Metonymy - A figure of speech in which a closely related term is substituted for an object or idea.

Ex.) "We have always remained loyal to the crown."

3. Dialogue - The conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction, dialogue is typically enclosed within quotation marks.

Ex.)  In plays, characters' speech is preceded by their names.

4. Overstatement -An interesting expression including embellishment.

ex) John Donne utilizes overstatement in his ballad: "Melody: Go and Catch a Falling Star."

5. Epic- A long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero. Epics typically chronicle the origins of a civilization and embody its central values.

Ex.) Western literature include Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, and Milton's Paradise Lost.

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1. Allegory-A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning.
Example: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis is a religious allegory with Asian as Christ and Edmund as Judas.

2. Characterization-The means by which writers present and reveal character.
Example: Readers come to understand the character Miss Emily in Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily" through what she says, how she lives, and what she does.

3. Flashback- An interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action.
Example: There is a flashback when Scout asks Miss Maude about why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird.

4. Imagery- The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work.
Example: The Radley House; "The Radley place jutted into a sharp curve beyond our house.

5. Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature.
Example:   Irony occurs with Scout and Jem's obsession with Boo Radley and their attempts to make him come outside.

# data[].attributes.headline
Eng III Periods 3-4 | Wrapping up Poetry

# data[].attributes.subject
Eng III Periods 3-4 | Wrapping up Poetry

# data[].attributes.body
Trochee
An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one, as in FOOT-ball.

Understatement
A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration. The last line of Frost's "Birches" illustrates this literary device: "One could do worse than be a swinger of birches."

Villanelle
A nineteen-line lyric poem that relies heavily on repetition. The first and third lines alternate throughout the poem, which is structured in six stanzas --five tercets and a concludingquatrain. Examples include Bishop's "One Art," Roethke's "The Waking," and Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night."

Onomatopoeia
The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe. Words such as buzz and crack are onomatopoetic. The following line from Pope's "Sound and Sense" onomatopoetically imitates in sound what it describes:

When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
The line too labors, and the words move slow.

Most often, however, onomatopoeia refers to words and groups of words, such as Tennyson's description of the "murmur of innumerable bees," which attempts to capture the sound of a swarm of bees buzzing.

Open form
A type of structure or form in poetry characterized by freedom from regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, metrical pattern, and overall poetic structure. E.E. Cummings's "[Buffalo Bill's]" is one example.

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1. Theme - the possibility of an abstract work
Example: disintegrating isn't a moments demonstration

2. Villanelle-19 line verse sonnet
Example : "One Art"

3. Trochee- emphasized syllable thats after an un highlighted one
Example: BASE-ball

4. Understatement- A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration. The last line of Frost's "Birches" illustrates this literary device: "One could do worse than be a swinger of birches."

5. Diction- the selection of words in a literary work.
Example: The Sun Rising

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1.  Synecdoche- A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole." lend me a hand"
2.  Spondee- A metrical foot represented by two stressed syllables, such as Knick Knack.

3. Subplot- A subsidiary or subordinate or parallel plot in a play or story that coexists with the main plot.
Romeo and Juliet follows the love story between the two title characters.
The subplot of the long-standing rivalry between their two families

4. . Sestet - A six-line unit of verse constituting a stanza or section of a poem, such as Petrarch's "If it is not love, then what is it that I feel," and Frost's "Design.".

5. Synecdoche- A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole.

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Aubade: a poem or piece of music appropriate to the dawn or early morning.

Conflict: a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
In Star Wars, Luke Skywalker's conflict is with the Emperor's forces, and specifically with Darth Vadar.

Convention: a way in which something is usually done, especially within a particular area or activity .He bought some new books at the science fiction convention.

Couplet: two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit. a couplet of statues flank the entrance to the church

Epigram: a pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.
“To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.”

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Anapest
Two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one.
Tone
The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work.
Trochee
An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one.
Understatement
A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means.
Villanelle
A nineteen-line lyric poem that relies heavily on repetition.

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1. Complication- An intensification of the conflict in a story or play.
Complications between John proctor and his wife.
2. conflict- A struggle between opposing forces in a story or play, usually resolved by the end of the work.
The Policeman wrestles with his conscience in an inner conflict.
3. connotation- The associations called up by a word that goes beyond its dictionary meaning.
Childish and childlike have a negative connotation, as they refer to immature behavior of a person.
4. convention- A customary feature of a literary work.
In a tragedy the use of fables are conventions.
5. couplet-A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem.
"For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings / That then I scorn to change my state with kings."

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1. Subject- What a story or play is about.
2. Subplot- A subsidiary or subordinate or parallel plot in a play or story that coexists with the main plot. The story of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern forms a subplot with the overall plot of Hamlet.
3. Synecdoche- A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. "Lend me a hand."
4. Tercet- A three-line stanza.
5. Trochee- An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one. FOOT-ball.

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1. Stanza- A division or unit of a poem that is repeated in the same form--either with similar or identical patterns or rhyme and meter, or with variations from one stanza to another. The stanzas of Gertrude Schnackenberg's "Signs" are regular; those of Rita Dove's "Canary" are irregular.
2. Style- The way an author chooses words, arranges them in sentences or in lines of dialogue or verse, and develops ideas and actions with description, imagery, and other literary techniques. See Connotation, Denotation, Diction, Figurative language, Image, Imagery, Irony, Metaphor, Narrator, Point of view, Syntax, and Tone.
3.Subject- What a story or play is about; to be distinguished from plot and theme. Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" is about the decline of a particular way of life endemic to the American south before the civil war. Its plot concerns how Faulkner describes and organizes the actions of the story's characters. Its theme is the overall meaning Faulkner conveys.
4. Subplot- A subsidiary or subordinate or parallel plot in a play or story that coexists with the main plot. The story of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern forms a subplot with the overall plot of Hamlet.
5. Symbol- An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself. The glass unicorn in The Glass Menagerie, the rocking horse in "The Rocking-Horse Winner," the road in Frost's "The Road Not Taken"--all are symbols in this sense.

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1.Enjambment
A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next. An enjambed line differs from an end-stopped line in which the grammatical and logical sense is completed within the line. In the opening lines of Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess," for example, the first line is end-stopped and the second enjambed:

That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she were alive. I call
That piece a wonder, now....

2. Epigram
A brief witty poem, often satirical. Alexander Pope's "Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog" exemplifies the genre:

I am his Highness' dog at Kew;
Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you?

3. Denotation
The dictionary meaning of a word. Writers typically play off a word's denotative meaning against its connotations, or suggested and implied associational implications. In the following lines from Peter Meinke's "Advice to My Son" the references to flowers and fruit, bread and wine denote specific things, but also suggest something beyond the literal, dictionary meanings of the words:
To be specific, between the peony and rose
Plant squash and spinach, turnips and tomatoes;
Beauty is nectar and nectar, in a desert, saves and always serve bread with your wine.
But, son,
always serve wine.
4  Simile- A figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though. An example: " As blind as a bat"

5. Dactyl
A stressed syllable followed by two unstressed ones, as in FLUT-ter-ing or BLUE-ber-ry. The following playful lines illustrate double dactyls, two dactyls per line:

Higgledy, piggledy,
Emily Dickinson
Gibbering, jabbering.

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1. Parody
A humorous, mocking imitation of a literary work, sometimes sarcastic, but often playful and even respectful in its playful imitation. Ex: Kenneth Koch's parody of Williams's "This is Just to Say.
2. Aubade
A love lyric in which the speaker complains about the arrival of the dawn, when he must part from his lover.
Ex: John Donne's "The Sun Rising" exemplifies this poetic genre.
3. Lyric poem
A type of poem characterized by brevity, compression, and the expression of feeling. Most of the poems in this book are lyrics.
Ex: Western wind, when will thou blow, The small rain down can rain?
Christ, if my love were in my arms
And I in my bed again!
4.Personification
The endowment of inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate or living qualities.
Ex: The sun smiled at me in the morning and the trees danced in the wind.
5. Protagonist
The main character of a literary work--Hamlet and Othello in the plays named after them, Gregor Samsa in Kafka's Metamorphosis, Paul in Lawrence's "Rocking-Horse Winner."
Ex: Jay Gatsby

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1. Allegory- A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning. Allegory often takes the form of a story in which the characters represent moral qualities.
2. Climax- The turning point of the action in the plot of a play or story.
3.Denotation- The dictionary meaning of a word.
4. Ellision- The omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable to preserve the meter of a line of poetry.
5. Exposition- The first stage of a fictional or dramatic plot, in which necessary background information is provided

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1. Denotation-  the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.
Example:  A home - where someone lives at a given time
2. Narrator- a person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem.
Example: In the play The Crucible their was a narrator that told their story and what was happening throughout the play.
3. Parody- an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.
Example: "Austin Powers" (spoof on James Bond movies)

4. Point of view- The angle of vision from which a story is narrated. See Narrator. A work's point of view can be: first person, in which the narrator is a character or an observer, respectively; objective, in which the narrator knows or appears to know no more than the reader; omniscient, in which the narrator knows everything about the characters; and limited omniscient, which allows the narrator to know some things about the characters but not everything.
Example: I used my paint brush to paint own my canvas.
5. Subject- What a story or play is about; to be distinguished from plot and theme. Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" is about the decline of a particular way of life endemic to the American south before the civil war. Its plot concerns how Faulkner describes and organizes the actions of the story's characters. Its theme is the overall meaning Faulkner conveys.
Example: The Crucible subject is about witchcraft and what roles women played back in the day.

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Couplet
A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate  Stanza in a poem. Shakespeare's sonnets end in rhymed couplets
"For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings / That then I scorn to change my state with kings."

Denotation
The dictionary meaning of a word. Writers typically play off a word's denotative meaning against its connotations, or suggested and implied associational implications.  Peter Meinke's "Advice to My Son" the references to flowers and fruit, bread and wine denote specific things, but also suggest something beyond the literal, dictionary meanings of the words:

To be specific, between the peony and rose Plant squash and spinach, turnips and tomatoes; Beauty is nectar and nectar, in a desert, saves--
and always serve bread with your wine.
But, son,
always serve wine.

Epigram
A brief witty poem, often satirical. Alexander Pope's "Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog" exemplifies the genre:

I am his Highness' dog at Kew;
Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you?

Hyperbole
A figure of speech involving exaggeration. John Donne uses hyperbole in his poem: "Song: Go and Catch a Falling Star."

Lyric poem
A type of poem characterized by brevity, compression, and the expression of feeling. Most of the poems in this book are lyrics. The anonymous "Western Wind" epitomizes the genre:

Western wind, when will thou blow,
The small rain down can rain?
Christ, if my love were in my arms
And I in my bed again!

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1. Antagonist- A character or force against which another character struggles. Creon is Antigone's antagonist in Sophocles' play Antigone
2. Caesura- A strong pause within a line of verse.
He thought he'd 'list, perhaps,
Off-hand-like--just as I--
Was out of work-had sold his traps--
No other reason why.
3. Climax
The turning point of the action in the plot of a play or story. The climax represents the point of greatest tension in the work. The climax of John Updike's "A&P," for example, occurs when Sammy quits his job as a cashier.
4. Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces in a story or play, usually resolved by the end of the work. The conflict may occur within a character as well as between characters. Lady Gregory's one-act play The Rising of the Moon exemplifies both types of conflict as the Policeman wrestles with his conscience in an inner conflict and confronts an antagonist in the person of the ballad singer.
5. Dialogue
The conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction, dialogue is typically enclosed within quotation marks. In plays, characters' speech is preceded by their names.

"He said that we should go to the mall" said Mark, She replied "No Mark I am not feeling well." said Ashley

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Alliteration: the repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words.
Metaphor: A comparison between essentially unlike things without an explicitly comparative word such as like or as.
Theme: The idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character, and action, and cast in the form of a generalization.
Hyperbole: A figure of speech involving exaggeration.
Rhythm: The recurrence of accent or stress in lines of verse