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A tornado is a tube of fast spinning air that touches the ground. Wind inside the tornado spins fast. The circle of wind around it is huge and makes tornadoes very dangerous. About 60 people are killed by tornadoes every year.

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Tornadoes mostly happen during strong thunderstorms and can occur in nearly all parts of the world. They often occur in spring.

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Tornadoes can be caused by winds that are going in opposite directions with humidity.  The winds of a tornado can reach up to 480 km per hour.

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Tornadoes come in different shapes and sizes. Some look like funnel-shaped clouds or as thin rope-like swirls stretching from the ground to the sky. Most tornadoes are invisible. They can only be seen if they have picked up dust or a cloud has formed in the funnel.

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Most tornadoes last less than ten minutes and travel 5 to 10 km before disappearing. Some last for hours and travel over 150km.

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Tornadoes are measured using the FUJITA Scale from F0 - F5. F5 is the strongest and most dangerous tornado.

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Tornadoes can cause a lot of chaos and often leave people homeless.
F0 -> damaged trees, damaged houses and cars
f5 -> destroyed houses, damaged sky scrapers

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1. Stay at the bottom of houses and buildings.
2. Hide under strong furniture like a table
3. Protect your head.

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A tropical cyclone is a circular air movement that starts over the warm ocean waters in the warm parts of the Earth near the Equator. They create fast winds and great rains.

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Hurricane: a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean or in the eastern, central or northern Pacific

Typhoon: a tropical cyclone in the western Pacific

Cyclone: a tropical cyclone that forms in the Indian Ocean

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They form when warm, wet air rises above the ocean. They begin as a group of storms when the water gets as hot as 27°C. The Earth´s rotation makes the wind rotate.

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The tropical cyclone has an "eye" in the middle. It has little rain or wind. The eye wall has the heaviest rain and the fastest winds.

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Saffir-Hurricane Scale
Category   Wind speed
1.                  119 - 153 km/h
2.                  154 - 177 km/h
3.                   174 - 208 km/h
4.                  209 - 251 km/h
5. more than 252 km/h

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In the past these storms sank many ships. Better weather forecasts can now warn us about them. They sometimes kill people and destroy cities. 1.5 million people have been killed by tropical cyclones.

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1. Stay out of floodwater.
2. Do not use electrical machines.
3. Stay away from power lines.
4. Be careful near damaged buildings and houses.

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A drought is a long period of dry weather, when an area gets less than its normal amount of rain over a long time. Crops and other plants need water to grow, an animals need it to live.

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Drought has many causes. It can be caused by not receiving rain or snow over a period of time. If you live in a place where most of the water you use comes from a river, a drought in your area can be caused by places upstream from you not receiving enough moisture. There would be less water in the river for you and other people who live along the river to use. People can also play a big role in drought. If we use too much water during times of normal rainfall, we might not have enough water when a drought happens.

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1.  Enironment Effects: There is not enough water for animals to drink.  The plants in some areas get very dry and fires can easily occur. Animals that live in the water lose their homes.
2. Economic Effects: Farmers lose many crops and have less food to eat and sell. Forests have fewer healthy trees.
3. Social Effects: People are stressed as food is more expensive. Many snakes move closer to water in houses and villages. Some people have to move as they do not have enough water in their hometown.

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People in areas with many droughts often collect water for dry seasons. They also plant different crops at different times and watch the weather exactly for signs of drought.

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A flood is a overflow of water on normally dry ground. It is often because of a overflowing river, a broken dam, snowmelt or very heavy rain.

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The most deadly flooding was in the year 1931 in China. It killed between 2 million and 4 million people. The country with the most floods very year is Bangladesh.

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Why Do Floods Happen? | Weather Science | SciShow Kids

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Flooding is usually caused when a volume of water in a water body (lake, ...) overflows. Often they are caused by very heavy rain. There is not enough space in rivers and lakes to take in all the water and it goes over the sides.

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People can get ready to survive a flood by filling many containers with fresh drinking water and keeping extra food and medicine.
Try to leave the flooded ares and look for higher places.

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People can drown and die in the water. The water is often dirty and can make you sick.

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A blizzard is a very strong snowstorm. It brings cold temperatures, strong winds and a lot of blowing snow.

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Blizzards occur when a high pressure system touches a low pressure system. The air needs to be cold enough to cause snow to fall in the clouds and ground level water is needed to form clouds and precipitation.

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What is a Blizzard? | Winter Science | Weather Science | SciShow Kids

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There are some areas that are often hit by blizzards. Countries with many blizzards are Canada and the USA.

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A whiteout is a dangerous type of blizzard. In a whiteout the snowfall is so thick that people can not see the difference between the ground or sky. It is very dangerous for pilots flying a plane as they do not know how close the ground is.

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Blizzard winds are very fast and they can reach temperatures of - 12°C and speeds of 72 km/h.

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1. Do not travel by car.
2. Do not leave your house.
3. Keep warm.

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Create a neat and interesting poster all about your weather phenomenon.
Try to include pictures and interesting facts to all the questions.
Good luck!

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What Is A Drought? Extreme Weather Explained | Nightly News: Kids Edition

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Drought affects our lives in many different ways because water is such an important part of so many of our activities. We need water to live, and animals and plants do too. We need water to grow the food we eat. We also use water for many different things in our lives, like washing dishes, cooking, bathing, and swimming or river rafting. Water is also used to help make the electricity we use to run the lights in our houses and the video games you may like to play. When we don’t have enough water for these activities because of a drought, many people and many different things will be affected in many different ways.

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What Is A Drought? Extreme Weather Explained | Nightly News: Kids Edition

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One of the easiest steps we can take to help mitigate the impacts of drought is conserving water. If we use water wisely at all times, more water will be available to us and to plants and wildlife when a drought happens. We can lose a lot of water doing simple everyday tasks. Did you know that turning off the water while you brush your teeth can save more than 400 l of water a month? If you have a leaky faucet, the drips can add up to 1000 l of wasted water a month.

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The blizzard cause roughly 300 deaths and 10 million power outages.
Blizzards are extremely dangerous because people can lose their way in the blinding snow. The strong wind can create a cold wind chill, making the temperature feel even colder. The cold temperatures and wind can bring on frostbite or hypothermia.

Winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents, hypothermia, frostbite, carbon monoxide poisoning, and heart attacks from overexertion. Winter storms including blizzards can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice and high winds.