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Brazil - Brazil’s total population in 2010 was almost 191 million of which 0.4 per cent is Indigenous.
China - There were 1.26 million Dai people who accounted for almost 0.1 per cent of the total Chinese population.
Kenya - An increasing number of the Maasai grow crops, do paid work, or own their own businesses.
Norway - Norway has the greatest proportion of the total Sami population.
Russia - In regions where Nenets make up a high proportion of the population their language is taught in schools and used on

television, radio and in books.

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Nepal: Nepal has. very diverse population with more than 60 Indigenous groups including the Sherpa, Rai, Magar and Tamang. In 2011, one in four Sherpa adults were found to have up to 12 years of education while essentially half of Brahmin adults have up to 12 years of education - this is an educational gap of roughly 20%.

Peru: There is a range of Indigenous groups in Peru, one of which are the Indigenous Amazonians. Currently, only 14% of the population is Indigenous. The Infant Mortality rate for the Indigenous population is 49.2% compared to the 18.5% that is the benchmark population highlighting a huge gap in healthcare.

Sweden: The Sami have lived in the northern part of the Arctic region which now spreads over four countries for thousands of years. In Sweden, the majority of the Sami live in northern areas, covering 35% of the country’s surface area. The health gaps between the Indigenous population, when compared to the benchmark population, are extremely low. However, it is very important to note that Swedish Law prohibits the collection of ethnic statistics which therefore suggests inaccuracies in the estimation of population sizes and health statistics.

Russia: The Nenets people are one of many Indigenous groups that live in the Northern Arctic. currently, only 30,000 Nenets live in Russia. The Nenets territory is resource-rich, for example, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the far north of West Siberian Plains has almost half of Russia’s oil reserves, significant metal deposits and forest areas. However, they still experience a huge health gap when compared to the benchmark population. in 2012 it was found that the Nenets infant mortality rate was 47.8% which was 41.2% higher than the benchmark population rate of 6.6%.

Greenland: The Inuit are the indigenous population of Greenland, they also make up 90% of the population. The Inuit appear to have significant health gaps when compared to the benchmark population. The Inuit have a 15.2% infant mortality rate compared to the 3.4% for the benchmark population.

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New Zealand: Māori people have a maternal mortality rate of 33.9 between 2006-12. This meant that per 100,000 pregnancies 33.9 women died this is compared to the 12.3 non Māori women.

Cameroon: The Baka people have a life expectancy at birth that is 21.5 years less than the non indigenous benchmark population. This meant their average was 35.5 years

Canada: First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples have a lower economic status on average than the benchmark population. 1 in 3 First Nation individuals earn less than 10,000 CAN per year in the years measured compared to 1 in 6 of the benchmark population

China: Dai People there was a prevalence of child malnutrition and stunting in their population by 3.2% compared to the benchmark population

Nepal: The Sherpa, Rai, Magar and Tamang had 0.1% greater life expectancy in 2011 than the benchmark population. With them being 66.7 and 66.6 respectively

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Brazil
-Brazil has among the highest Indigenous ethnic and linguistic diversity in the world, before colonisation, millions of Indigenous people resided in Brazil with over 1000 languages. Following Portuguese colonisation, there are currently 305 Indigenous groups speaking 274 distinct languages.

Canada
-There are 633 First Nations within Canada with a population approaching 900,000, although the Indigenous people of Canada have higher birth rates they have a shorter lifespan then non-Indigenous peoples

Chile
-The Mapuche people are the largest group of Indigenous people in Chile, with a population of 1,260,000 (according to the Lancet Lowitja Institute). Having had their land occupied on numerous occasions they continue to struggle with recovering ownership of territories.

Greenland
-A portion of the Inuit people migrated from Canada to Greenland circa. 1200 AD and began to inhabit the land alongside the Norse communities. Upon the downfall of Norse communities (circa. 1500, the Inuit became the sole occupants of Greenland, until colonised by the Danish-Norwegian King in 1721.

Russia
-41 more Nenets infants than Russian infants died per 1000 live births.
-122 more Nenets women than Russian women died per 100,000 live births.

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Aotearoa New Zealand: 15.8% of the total population were of Maori descent, who share a common language and have a younger age structure than the non-Maori population.

Brazil: Among the highest Indigenous ethnic and linguistic diversity globally, with 305 Indigenous groups speaking 274 distinct languages. However, they have one of the lowest proportions (0.4%) of Indigenous peoples in Latin America.

Canada:  First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples represent over 4% of the total population, with higher birth rates and shorter life spans than non-Indigenous peoples.

China: Tibetans constitute 0.5% of the total population, with 48 ethnic groups being registered within the Tibetan Autonomous Region, demarcated by the Chinese government.

Kenya: Has a number of Indigenous groups including hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, fisher peoples and small farming communities. The Maasai, are considered Indigenous pastoralists who account for about 25% of the total population.

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india 🇮🇳
- a variety of tribes and culture of over 700 different languages and way of implementing culture

australia 🇦🇺
- multicultural after colonisation
- 3% of population make up indigenous groups

Indonesia 🇮🇩
- majority practise the faith of islam

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New Zealand -Maori peoples are twice as likely to have a low socioeconomic status.
Chile- the Mapuche peoples - 500 Mapuche communities have conflict with forestry companies as their land is in the hand of these companies causing significant damage.
Kenya- the Maasai peoples are about 25% of the Kenyan population. Only half of Maasai adults are literate compared to over 85% of Kenyan adults.
Panama- the Kuna Yala, Embera-Wounaan, Ngabe Bugle peoples have a 62% rate of child malnutrition compared to 19.1% of the total population.
Russia- the Nenets - 112 more Nenets women than Russian women died per 100,000 live births.

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New Zealand
- Maori people lived in Aotearoa New Zealand for at least 1,000 years prior to British colonisation in the 19th century. As of 2013, 15.8% of NZ total population identified as Maori.

Australia
- Aboriginal people have occupied Australia for at least 60,000 years. Before British occupation, there were 300,000 and 750,000 people and 600 languages.

Brazil
- Composed of multiple Indigenous groups which accounted for 0.4% of the total population. There's around 1000 distinct languages.

Cameroon
- The Baka people are part of a larger population, known as 'pygmies'. This group is found in central African countries and is considered to be the first forest settlers and longest inhabitants of Cameroon.

Canada
- Inuit and Metis have lived in Canada for 15,000 years. Since European colonisation, First Nations people have been restricted to reserves, which is a small fraction of the land they once owned.

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Russia - The Nenets
* Reindeer ownership was restored after the split up of the Soviet Union and they (the Nenet people one of the many Indigenous groups) now own 80% of reindeer herds in Russia.  Through historical forced removal and Stalinism - many aspects of their culture has been lost throughout time. There are still large differences in health, maternal and educational rates

Sweden - The Sami

* After years of colonisation and competition of land and resources as well as  relocation of families - a Swedish Sami Parliament was established in 1993 - in 1992 there is a official definition of Sami (1992). Swedish law prohibits the the collection of ethnic statistics  - they have lower rates of cancer risk but higher rates of anxiety, depression and suicide. Their health and educational rates are on par with non Indigenous groups in Sweden

Kenya = The Maasai
* First evicted by British who created races in early 1900's and were almost exterminated by epidemics in the late 19th century. Both girls and boys undergo curcumcusion as part of a rite of passage. There are low levels of education and health - infant mortality are higher than the national average

Australia - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People
* oldest continuous culture on earth.  Severe laws and restrictions placed over the community over the last few centuries . 2011 census - 670,000 people identified as an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. There are large discrepancies between the health of Indigenous and non Indigenous people in Australia

Nepal - The Sherpa

Buddhist in belief. Lived and worked in high altitudes traditionally. Conservationist of timber and firewood use. 36 % of the Nepalese population are Indigenous. One language policy by the Nepalese Govt has resulted in the significant school drop out for Indigenous speakers

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China - Compared to non-Indigenous people, the non-Indigenous people in China, known as the Dai population, experienced poorer health outcomes in terms of a higher infant mortality rate, a lower birth weight, and a higher occurrence of malnutrition.

India - The diversity in their population is evident as there are officially 705 different Scheduled Tribes with different culture, traditions, knowledge systems, language, environments in which they live, livelihood, population size, political structures
and engagement with non-Tribal populations.

Pakistan - There are about a dozen major FATA Tribes with several smaller Tribes and sub-Tribes. There is much ethnic
diversity amongst them and they have very strong tribal structures and rich cultural heritage.

Thailand - There are many Indigenous groups across Thailand including the Hill Tribes, Original People and Sea People.
These peoples are commonly referred to as klum chat tiphan (ethnic groups) or chon klum noy (ethnic minorities) although Indigenous groups have promoted the use of chon phao phuen mueang (Indigenous groups). These Indigenous groups speak a range of languages and have unique knowledge systems, beliefs and
ways of life.

Myanmar - The Mon adopted the Pallava alphabet and the oldest form of the Mon script dates back to around 550 AD. Mon language is based on the Mon-Khmer group of Austro-Asiatic languages but spoken Mon usage has diminished. The Mon culture is very rich and ancient and is thought to have had an important influence on the dominant culture of Myanmar. The Mon script was incorporated into the unified Myanmar language.

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The findings of the report show that, in the main, wherever they are, Indigenous peoples experience poorer health and social circumstances than the wider population, and that the relative wealth of their country makes little difference.

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Cameroon - The Baka
Chile - The Mapuche
Greenland - The Inuit
Kenya - The Maasai
Sweden - The Sami