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experiments rely heavily on random assignment

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experiments rely heavily on random assignment

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random assignment is what you do to achieve a random sample

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open-minded humility: recognize errors in our own theories
perceive order in random events):
critical thinking: don't assume, ask questions, take it with a grain of salt, evaluate it
curious skepticism: be ready to judge and question
be aware of news distorted by few extremes

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if measures themselves are reliable, then the differences between them will be too

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if measures themselves are reliable, then the differences between them will be too

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wtf?
well...
just know that statistical significance indicates the likelihood that the result will happen by chance

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representative samples are better than biased ones
low variability is better and more reliable
more cases is better than fewer

***conclusion: you need many representative cases w/ low variability

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center: mean, median mode
measures of spread: range, standard deviation

normal curve for normal dist.s

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oh look at the 300, so big and round and suspicious

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on animals: why animals? b/c humans are animals too (similar behaviors and some similar genetics)
BPS and APA set guidelines

on humans: studying behavior and mood

informed consent

protection from harm

confidentiality

debriefing

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know that psychology labs are simplified reality settings... simulations... theoretical

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know that psychology labs are simplified reality settings... simulations... theoretical

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descriptive: observe and record behavior

case studies

natural observations

surveys

correlation: detect relationships, how one variable predicts the other, collects data on two variables
experimental: explore cause and effect

random sample and assignment

change independent variable

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double blind procedures usually used for drug evaluation studies

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double blind procedures usually used for drug evaluation studies

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placebo!!! - expectations only
believe it is working/bettering/worsening you, when really you are receiving no sort of treatment

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experimentation: experiment, experimental group, control group, random assignment

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experimentation: experiment, experimental group, control group, random assignment

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make sure, in experiment when making groups, to use random assignment: this ensures equal chance of inclusion in experiment

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extraordinary events such as outliers regress/return to average

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statistics put unseen relationships into effect

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statistics put unseen relationships into effect

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correlation (for reading stats to  make conclusive psychological remarks)

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correlation (for reading stats to  make conclusive psychological remarks)

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correlations: one predicts the other
strength of scatter plot determines correlation (coefficient)
CORRELATION DOES NOT MEAN CAUSATION --> correlations help with predictions

no cause and effect arrows here

be aware of illusory correlation: recalling events of the past that confirm correlation of a possible relationship and not recalling events that disconfirm correlation

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use description for techniques in psychological science

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use description for techniques in psychological science

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case study, naturalistic observation, survey

know that in surveys:
population v. random samples

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scientific method includes: theory, hypothesis, operational deifinition, replicate

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scientific method includes: theory, hypothesis, operational deifinition, replicate

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theory is putting puzzle pieces together

use theory if

1. organizes self-reports and observations

2. implies predictions

3. stimulates further research

replicate: used for confirmation of findings

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humility = awareness of own vulnerability to error

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humility = awareness of own vulnerability to error

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note: think critically and always be curious, skeptical, and humble of competing ideas

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note: think critically and always be curious, skeptical, and humble of competing ideas

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skepticism: tested by Randi (magician) --> ideas need to be questioned

think critically in order to clear up biases and ensure credibility

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why intuition isn't always the best on its own: because of hindsight bias, overconfidence, and tendency to perceive pattern

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why intuition isn't always the best on its own: because of hindsight bias, overconfidence, and tendency to perceive pattern

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hindsight bias - I knew it all along
overconfidence - outcomes appear familiar, super confident and sure of your predicted outcome
perceiving pattern in random events - even if repetition occurs, it still leads us to overestimating

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our thinking and memory and attitude work in 2 ways

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our thinking and memory and attitude work in 2 ways

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1. consciously
2. unconsciously

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https://quizlet.com/_2h3x8t