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Definition
Graves disease causes overproduction of thyroid hormones and as a result causes swelling and redness of the neck and protrusion in the eyes
Symptoms
Anxiety, shaky hands, sensitive to heat, weight loss, larger thyroid
Causes
It is still unknown exactly what causes Graves Disease but its usually because of a malfunction in the immune system.
It can also be caused by genetics.
Prevention
Stay as healthy as possible.
Treatment
There is radioactive therapy, anti thyroid medications and surgery if really necessary.

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BRANDON

Thyroid Cancer makes abnormal cells start grow in your thyroid gland which is in your neck

Symptoms

Difficulty swallowing.

Lump in neck

Voice changes

Feeling hot

Difficulty concentrating

Causes

low iodine levels.

Exposure to radiation

Being overweight.

Prevention

Exposure to X-rays at a young age

Table salt

Treatment

Surgery

without radioactive iodine therapy.

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Graves Disease
Definition- Graves disease is a disorder that that makes you overproduce hyroid hormones. It causes swelling and redness in the neck and protrusion in the eyes.
Symptoms
anxiety
unexplained weight loss
tempeture sensitivity
increased size of the thyroid gland
Causes
Problems malfunctioning the disease and illness fighting immune system.
Prevention
Keep a healthy diet and maintain a healthy lifestyle consistently
Treatment
There are many treatment methods such as radioactive  therapy, anti-thyroid medications (making the glands smaller) and surgery if desired.

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Definition:
the period in a woman's life (typically between 45 and 50 years of age) when this occurs.
Symptoms:
Irregular periods,  Vaginal dryness, sleeping problems and mood changes.
Causes:
Some causes are premature ovarian failure or induced menopause.
Prevention:
Manage symptoms, eat healthy, sleep, exercise, watch blood pressure and keep up bone strength.
Treatment:
Not really needed but some women use medication

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Type 2 diabetes

Definition
-Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar.

Symptoms
- Increased urination and thirst
- Increase in hunger
- Eating more then usual but somehow still losing weight.
-Dark skin in different areas
-Slow healing sores
-Blurred vision

Causes
- Two of the most common causes are being overweight and not physically active.

Prevention
- Have a healthy diet and eat different varieties of food.
- Keep a healthy weight
- Have a good amount of physical activity everyday.

Treatment
- Keep you're blood sugar under control by using different medications that work well together.
- Have a good diet and be physically active.

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Graves disease

Definition- Graves disease is a disorder that results in the overproduction in thyroid hormones. It causes swelling in the neck and protrusion in the eyes.

Symptoms-
anxiety
weight loss
heat sensitivity
enlargement of the thyroid gland

Causes- malfunction in the bodies disease-fighting immune system.

Prevention- To live the healthiest life possible and to avoid unhealthy habits.

Treatment- There are various treatment methods like radioactive iodine therapy, anti-thyroid medications, beta blockers, and surgery.

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Definition : Type 1 diabetes is a disease in the hormonal system in which the body's immune system attacks the cells that produce insulin, resulting in either no insulin or a low amount of insulin.

symptoms :

urinates frequently

abnormally thirsty

loses weight

often feels tired

Causes : none

prevention : none

treatment :

check blood suger levels by testing blood sample

give themselves insulin injections

eat a balanced healthy diet,pay attention to suger consumption

get regular exersise

work closely with your doctor to control it

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Acromelagy is when the body produces to many growth hormones, resulting in large legs and arms, and a big body in general

Symptoms: Joint aches
Thick, oily skin
headaches
enlarged lips, nose and tongue
impaired vision

Causes: Prolonged overgrowth due to the gland that produces the growth hormones

Prevention: GENETICAL DEFECT

Treatement: Surgery
Check blood pressure often

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Pediatric Adrenal Disorders

definition:
Adrenal glands, which are also called suprarenal glands, are small, triangular glands located on top of both kidneys.

symptoms:

Weakness

Fatigue

Dizziness

Rapid pulse

Dark skin (first noted on hands and face)

Black freckles

Weight loss

Dehydration

Loss of appetite

Intense salt craving

Muscle aches

Nausea

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Intolerance to cold

causes:
Most of the time, the cause of the disease is unknown (idiopathic). About one-third of Addison's disease cases are caused by the actual destruction of the adrenal glands through cancer, infection, an autoimmune process, or other diseases.
treatment:
Treatment may include surgical removal of growths on the adrenal glands, or the adrenal gland(s) itself. Medications that block the excessive production of certain hormones may also be administered.

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Definition:
The pancreas helps with digestion, puts Langerhans into blood which sends insulin

Symptoms:
-depression
-yellowness of skin and whites in your eyes
-Loss of appetite
-blood clots

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Definition
Short stature is defined as height that is two standard deviations below the mean height for age and sex
Symptoms
Some growth problems may be immediately diagnosed at birth, because the infant may be abnormally small for his/her age. However, many growth problems are noticed much later, when the child appears smaller than his/her classmates, or when growth appears to be insignificant over a period of a year.
Causes
Passed down in families
Prevention
You can help by giving your child a more nutritious diet
Treatment
Does not require treatment

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Definition
Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which a person's pancreas stops producing insulin, a hormone that enables people to get energy from food.
symptoms

Increased thirst

Frequent urination

Bedwetting in children who previously didn't wet the bed during the night

Extreme hunger

Unintended weight loss

Irritability and other mood changes

Fatigue and weakness

Blurred vision

In females, a vaginal yeast infection

causes
occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that's needed to control the amount of sugar (glucose) in your blood. When you eat, your digestive system breaks down food and passes its nutrients.
prevention
no known prevention

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Definition
a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D
Symptoms

Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra.

Loss of height over time.

A bone fracture that occurs much more easily than expected

A stooped posture.

Causes
hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D
Prevention

Adequate amounts of calcium.

Adequate amounts of vitamin D.

Regular exercise

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Definition
-Where the thyroid is not active and producing hormones

Symptoms
- slow growth and speech
- hair loss
-dry skin
-weight gain
-slow pulse

Causes
- when the autoimmune produces antibodies against the gland
Prevention
-having iodine supplements

Treatment
- -thyroid hormones
- watching the thyroid hormone levels

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Definition
Diabetes is a condition in which sufficient amounts of insulin are either not produced, or the body is unable to use the insulin that is produced. Diabetes can be defined as a metabolic disorder because the disease affects the way the body uses food to make glucose, the main source of fuel for the body.

Symptoms
-Frequent urination.
-Excessive thirst.
-Increased hunger.
-Weight loss.
-Tiredness.
-Lack of interest and concentration.
-A tingling sensation or numbness in the hands or feet.
-Blurred vision.

Causes
type 1 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that's needed to control the amount of sugar (glucose) in your blood. When you eat, your digestive system breaks down food and passes its nutrients including glucose into your bloodstream.

prevention
-exercise and keep fit
-do not smoke
-watch your weight
-not to much sugar

Treatment
-control diet
-increase exercise
-immunizations
-insulin therapy
-glycemic therapy

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Thyroid Cancer.
Definition: Thyroid cancer is a disease that you get when abnormal cells begin to grow in your thyroid gland . The thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and is located in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that regulate the way your body uses energy and that help your body work normally.
Symptoms: a lump in the front of the lower of the neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing and perement neck pain

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Definition
A spongy organ that is about 6 inches long and it's in the back of the abdomen behind the stomach.
Symptoms
-upper abdominal pain
-swollen abdomen
-tender abdomen
-fever
-increased heart rate
-nausea and vomiting
Causes
Pancreatitis causes increasing size of the pancreas. It's caused by eating high fat foods and when digestive enzymes is active and it damages the tissue
Prevention
you can prevent pancreatitis by
- be careful with your alcoholic  beverages
-smoking may cause pancreatitis
so don't smoke
Treatment
-Hospitalization
-stop eating in the hospital

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Hypothyroidism
Definition:
- When the thyroid glands don't produce enough thyroid hormone.

Symptoms:
- Slow metabolism
- Muscle pain
- Unhealthy skin
- Unhealthy hair
- Loss of hair
- Weak
- Tired
- Intolerance to cold
- Depression

Causes:
- Autoimmune disease
- Hyperthyroidism treatments
- Thyroid surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Medications
- Iodine deficiency
- Pregnancy
- Congenital disease
- Pituitary disorder

Prevention:
- Iodine supplements

Treatment:
- Thyroid hormone pills

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Definition:
Inability of body to make enough and/or use insulin. Insulin affects the absorption of glucose.

Symptoms:
-Increase thirst
-frequent urination
-increase in hunger
-weight loss
-fatigue
-blurred vision
-slow healing and more infections
-areas of darker skin

Causes:
Type 2 diabetes happens when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin.  it is not known why this happens.

Prevention:
-stay fit and exercise
-watch your weight
-don't smoke

Treatment:
-increase exercise
-control diet
-immunizations
-glycemic treatment
-insulin therapy

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Definition:

turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that effects females and females only. It is characterized by the absence of part or all of a second sex chromosome in some or all cells.

symptoms:

Before birth

Large fluid collection on the back of the neck or other abnormal fluid collections

Heart abnormalities

Abnormal kidneys

At Birth

Wide or web like neck

Slightly smaller than average height at birth

Short fingers and toes

That is just 3 examples at birth

causes:

Turner Syndrome is causes by one way only. That's by abnormal sex chromosome.

Prevention:

There is no way to prevent Turner Syndrome

Treatment:

There is no way to prevent Turner Syndrome

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Hyperthyroidism

Definition: hyperthyroidism  is abnormally little activity off your thyroid gland, ending up  in retardation of growth and mental development in adults and children. (Your thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and is at the base of your neck and if your a man its below your Adam's apple.)

Symptoms: The symptoms include
-Drowsiness or muscle weakness.
-Hand tremors.
-Mood swings.
-Nervousness or anxiety.
-Very fast heartbeat.
-Heart palpitations or not regular heartbeat.
-Dry skin.
-Problems sleeping.

Causes:  Causes for Hyperthyroidism  maybe be a few conditions, including Graves' disease, toxic adenoma, Plummer's disease and thyroiditis they can cause hyperthyroidism.

Prevention: Hyperthyroidism
can be caused by Graves' disease and Graves' disease is a disease that you cannot prevent.

Treatment: There are three kind of treatment for hyperthyroidism, Antithyroid medicine and radioactive iodine are the ones doctors use and are the most common. It's not very common in  cases that surgery has to be done. Also the kind of treatment you need depends on your age.

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Definition-
Thyroid cancer is a disease when abnormal cells begin to grow in your thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and is in the front of your neck. It's job is to make  hormones that regulate the way your body uses energy and that help your body work normally.

Symptoms-
•a lump in the front, lower part of the neck.
•a deeper voice
•Hard to swallow
•Hard to breathe.
•a sore throat that is not due to a cold.
•neck pain that doesn't go away.

Causes-
•A history of thyroid disease.

•Exposure to lots of radiation
especially in childhood.

•Having low iodine levels.

•Being overweight.

Prevention-

•Exposure to X-rays is a proven cause of thyroid cancer, and young children may be most at risk.

•Making sure your eating enough iodine may save you from getting thyroid cancer. You can eat foods that contain lots of iodine like dried seaweed, cod, fish sticks, milk, shrimp, eggs and turkey breast.

Treatment-

•Total or near-total thyroidectomy, with or without radioactive iodine therapy.

•Lobectomy and removal of lymph nodes that contain cancer, followed by hormone therapy. Radioactive iodine therapy may be given following surgery.

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Cushing's Syndrome
Definition: Cushing syndrome is when your body has abnormally high levels of a hormone called cortisol.
Symptoms: Rapid weight gain, specificity around the face. (central obesity) Excessive sweating, dilation of capillaries and thinning of the skin.
Causes: The most common cause of the disease is by taking glucocorticoids to treat other diseases. Although rare, it can also be caused by the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate.
Prevention: By staying away from certain types of medication.
Treatment: If the disease is caused by taking too many cortisol pills, the best method of treatment is to stop taking the pills. If the disease is caused by a tumour, treatment options include surgery and radiation therapy. You may also take pills to reduce the level of cortisol, only if surgery and therapy don't work.

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Turner syndrome

Definition:

Turner syndrome, also known as Turners syndrome, is a chromosomal disorder that affects only females. It is characterized by the absence of part or all of a second sex chromosome in some or all cells.

Symptoms:

- short stature and non-functioning ovaries which causes infertility

-some women may also have extra skin on the neck (webbed neck)

-puffiness or swelling (lymphedema) of the hands and feet

-skeletal abnormalities

-heart defects

-high blood pressure

-and kidney problems.

Causes:

A girl with Turner syndrome only has one normal X sex chromosome rather than the usual two XX sex chromosome. Everyone is born with 23 pairs of chromosomes. One pair of chromosomes, the sex chromosomes. Determines the baby's gender.

Preventions:

Unfortunately there is no way to prevent Turner syndrome.

Treatment:

Though there is no way to prevent Turner syndrome there still are some treatments to decrease the symptoms.

- Human growth hormone

- Estrogen replacement therapy

Websites I used:

- http://www.medicinenet.com/turner_syndrome/article.htm

-http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Turners-syndrome/Pages/Causes.aspx

- http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/turner-syndrome

- https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/Pages/treatment.aspx

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Definition-Growth Hormone deficiency is a medical condition, caused by problems in the pituitary gland. In which the body does not produce enough growth hormone.

Symptoms-Children with growth hormone deficiency have different symptoms then an adult with growth hormone deficiency. Symptoms that children can get are there faces might appear to look younger than children there sameage. Delayed puberty and maybe sometimes kids never go through puberty. Increased fat around the face and stomach. Mild to moderate chubbiness. Slow tooth development. Or sluggish hair growth.

Causes-A severe head injury. A tumor in your head or a history of pituitary tumors. An infection. Brain surgery. Hormonal problems related to the hypothalamus gland or pituitary gland. Poor blood supply to the pituitary gland. Or radiation treatments to your brain.

Prevention-Most cases are not preventable.

Treatment-Mental and emotional therapy is an important part of treatment. A mental health counselor or psychologist can talk you through your feelings and teach you how to cope with growth hormone deficiency. Getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and regularly exercising are also important parts of an overall growth hormone deficiency treatment plan. Your doctor can teach you how to incorporate growth hormone injections into a healthy lifestyle.

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Hyperthyroidism:

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Definition-Growth Hormone Dificiency is a medical condition, caused by problems in the pituitary gland. In which the body does not produce enough growth hormone.

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Turner syndrome

Definition:
Turner syndrome, also known as Turners syndrome, is a chromosomal disorder that affects only females. It is characterized by the absence of part or all of a second sex chromosome in some or all cells.

Symptoms:

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Definition:
A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.

Symptoms:
Back pain
Loss of height
A hunchback
Breaking a bone much more easily then expected

Causes:
Hormonal changes
Vitamin D deficiency
Calcium Deficiency

Prevention:
Regular exercise
Vitamin D
Calcium

Treatment:
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Risedronate (Actonel)
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Zoledronic Acid (Reclast)

Credits:
www.mayoclinic.org
www.webmd.com

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Definition: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in where the body's immune system attacks the cells that produce insulin. Resulting in no insulin or a low amount of insulin.

Symptoms:
-Heavy thirst
-Increased hunger
-Dry mouth
-Nausea and Vomiting
-Pain in the belly
-Frequent urination
-Fatigue
-Blurred vision
-Frequent infections on the skin

Causes: Type 1 Diabetes is caused unknown. It doesn't relate to anyone in a family tree.

Prevention: There is no possible way yet to prevent Type 1 Diabetes.

Treatment: To treat it you must keep the blood sugar levels within a target range.

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