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-American philosopher
-Studied first at Nebraska university and later at Harvard as a graduate
-Wrote 12 books on philosophy, including his reformulation of the ontological argument
-He argued that the original formulation of the ontological argument (proslogion 2) was just an inferior version of its second iteration

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Harvard University

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1911-1990

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If God comes into existence then he is dependent on whatever caused him to exist and God's existence cannot depend on anything for it to be TTWNGCBC

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Malcolm supported Anselm's second argument because:
-The concept of God is the concept of a being whose existence is necessary.
-It is not possible to think of a being that is necessarily exists not existing.
- Therefore, Malcolm agrees, God must exist.

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1) If God (TTWNCBC) doesn't exist then he cannot come into existence.
2) If God did come into existence he would either have to be caused or just happen become
3) This would make God limited, which according to our definition (TTWNGCBC) he is not.
4) God must then exist necessarily meaning nothing caused him to exist or can cease him to exist.

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1. If God exists, his existence is necessary
2. If God does not exist, his existence is impossible
3. Either God exists or he does not exist
4. Gods existence is either necessary or impossible
5. Gods existence is possible (it is not impossible)
6. Therefore Gods existence is necessary