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HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo. Put another way — it's a measure of the light intensities from the highlights to the shadows.

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a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black and white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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Taking, restoring or retouching photographs and portraits, recording or restoring videotapes or other motion pictures, or converting one medium to another, such as converting a movie film to a videotape.

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A line can be thought of as a moving dot. If the dots overlap, it’s a solid line, if they don’t it’s a dotted line. A line has a beginning and an end and by its existence, creates an edge.

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When a line meets up to enclose a space, a shape is formed.

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Form is the next step up from shape as we now add depth to it to create a three dimensional form.

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Space is what lies between, around or within an object.

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Value is how light or dark something is.

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Color is created when light is reflected into the viewer’s eye.

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Conveys the illusion of the actual texture to the viewer on the flat surface.

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6 Ways To Bring Your iPhone Photos To Life With Texture

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Balance is how the elements within a composition are arranged either symmetrically, asymmetrically, or radially to create the impression of equality in weight or importance.

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What is Asymmetrical Balance Photography (And How to Use It!)

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Pattern photography is the concept of integrating a repetition of elements into your photographs. Whether with shapes, colors or textures, perfect examples of repetition exist all around us. Pattern photography is not only created by using repetition.

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Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole. Scale affects how something is balanced. Sometimes tiny elements can call attention just as effectively as something large. It’s the message you’re trying to convey with the design.

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Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring. Variety can also be varying your angles, exposure, composition, etc., to get a few different looks to the same image.

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Movement is how the eye moves throughout the composition; leading the attention from one aspect to another. This can be achieved by using repeating or alternating elements or patterns. How often something repeats and the intensity of its contrast creates rhythm.

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A photograph with perfect unity or harmony is one that is so well presented, where no part of it feels out of place or unnecessary. This can be translated through simplicity, or bringing parts together to form a whole to create 'harmony'.

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This is when a specific element is given to a distinguishing feature to separate it from a certain element or group. This can be achieved through other principles such as contrast, movement, scale or balance.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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What Is Abstract Art (and Why Should I Care)? | Artists Network

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a gradual blending from one color to another color

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.

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A group of colors in the color wheel associated with the sun, warmth and fire. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors.

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Neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color.

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black.

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The Secret to Using Complementary Colors Effectively

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Monochromatic colors are all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints.

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Constructive criticism is a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions.

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10 Tips To Provide Constructive Criticism That People Accept

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Something toward which effort is directed. An aim, goal, or end of action.

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What is an objective? Definition and meaning - Market Business News

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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Objective vs. Subjective: Comparing Meaning and Use

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The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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It is the ratio of a line segment cut into two pieces of different lengths such that the ratio of the whole segment to that of the longer segment is equal to the ratio of the longer segment to the shorter segment.

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The space between things; the empty or blank areas, or the “holes” where the page shows through between the main design elements.

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Positive space refers to the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait, the objects in a still life painting, or the trees in a landscape painting.

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Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject.

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Diffused light is non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even.

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Any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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Chiaroscuro is the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition.

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Title: 35 Gorgeous Examples of Chiaroscuro Photography - The Photo Argus

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The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Two images combined into a single frame or presented together—originated in art as a drawing or painting in two parts.

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A type of three fold art that is typically hinged together as carved panels side by side.

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A picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture.

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Two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects. Orthographic views are created by projecting a view of an object onto a plane which is usually positioned so that it is parallel to one of the planes of the object.

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Barrel distortion often occurs when using wide-angle lenses. This is because the field of view of wide-angle lenses is wider than the image sensor on a digital camera and therefore the image looks like it has been squeezed and constricted to fit in the edges of the frame.

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Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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the sensitivity the signal gain of the camera's sensor.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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A device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes

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The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera lens, and it's measured in f-stops.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The

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Title: Focal Length | Understanding Camera Zoom & Lens Focal Length | Nikon | Nikon

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Depth of field refers to how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject that is focused upon.

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Bokeh effect is a popular photographic technique which uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific area of an image.

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When the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot

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You manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want

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Allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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Allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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The camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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Bulb mode is simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length you choose: one second, one minute, 17 minutes, or anything else.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Using a tripod, you can shoot longer exposures than you could with a monopod. A monopod will reduce some camera shake. But tripods are best for taking seconds or even minutes-long exposures. ... Tripods will also keep the camera fixed in one location, where a monopod isn't quite as precise.

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Title: Monopod Vs Tripod - How to Choose and When to Use (The Right Way)

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Sometimes called light drawing or light graffiti, light painting is the photographic technique of using a moving light source—such as a flashlight, glow stick, light brush, or even a smartphone—to alter an image while taking a long exposure photograph.

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How to do light painting photography easily - A light painting guide

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Title: 35 Magnificent Time Lapse Photography examples for your inspiration

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Panning photography is a technique in photography that uses a slow shutter speed while moving your camera along to create motion blur in the background. With the right technique, you can create a relatively sharp subject combined with a background that features motion blur for a stunning photograph.

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Burst mode is a camera function that allows you to capture a series of photographs in quick succession. With burst mode activated, you can hold down the shutter button, and your camera will rattle off a set of photos.

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Title: How to Turn Your iOS Burst Mode Photos into Interesting GIFs

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In photography, painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale

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With spot metering, the camera will measure only a very small area of the scene (1–5% of the viewfinder area). ... Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful.

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Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center. It measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle.

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Understanding Camera Metering and Metering Modes

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A shadow is defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source. ... Shadow photography is also defined as the manipulation of the light source, exposure of the shadow to add or remove darkness from the image, and the increased dramatic depth of a photo.

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How To Create Impressive Images Using Shadow Photography

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A mid-tone is precisely that – all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones.

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Title: Understanding Tonal Range in Photography

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas.

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Title: Understanding Tonal Range in Photography

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Sepia toning is a specialized treatment to give a black-and-white photographic print a warmer tone and to enhance its archival qualities.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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Found on Google from chrisbrayphotography.com

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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It shows you what you have set in terms of exposure compensation and/or auto exposure bracketing.

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Exposure compensation is a useful function that adjusts a camera's settings to deal with unusually bright or dark scenes.

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In a display screen, the white balance setting adjusts the relative intensities of the red, green and blue pixels. An automatic adjustment makes them equal. A manual adjustment can be made to make the display warmer (more yellow) or cooler (more blue) as preferred.