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Air conditioning- The first electrical air conditioning was invented by Willis Haviland Carrier in the year 1902. His invention was designed to improve the manufacturing process of a printing plant. By controlling the temperature and humidity of the plant, the processes were made more efficient as the paper size and the ink alignment were consistently maintained.
Willis Haviland Carrier invented air conditioning to address a humidity problem for a printing company. The drivers for invention were the desire to make money and the desire to help others.

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1) Chocolate chip cookies - Ruth Graves Wakefield had run out of baking chocolate, so she used Nestle's chocolate, and hoped it would spread over the whole cookie. Instead, the chocolate chip cookie was invented.

2) Champagne - every spring, there was unwanted extra carbon dioxide in the wines' fermentation process in the catholic church in champagne.

3) Chewing gum - Thomas Adams Sr. was trying to turn chicle into rubber. Instead, he made chewing gum.

4) Dynamite - Alfred Nobel accidentally mixed nitroglycerin with kieselguhr while doing experiments on nitroglycerin, creating dynamite.

5) Safety pin - Walter Hunt was trying to find out how to pay off his debts when he grabbed a wire and started fiddling with it. He realized that the wire would clutch onto itself and un-clutch as well. Thus, the safety pin was invented.

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Activity 1,2,3

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bGpmwH0HzFmFphS8npHT-QLxjjAAOOT5-_sYT4Bad_Q/edit?usp=sharing

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Activity 2

Waffle ice-cream cone - A busy ice-cream booth ran out of bowls, so Earnest Hamrlik who owned a waffle shop nearby rolled his waffles into cones.

Post-it notes - Dr. Spencer silver, a chemist developed a paper with a low-tack adhesive on one side so that his colleague could mark his hymnal in church choir.

Vulcanised rubber - Charles Goodyear, was trying to improve the quality of rubber in the 19th century and mixed it with lime, magnesia and nitric acid and when it was finally mixed with sulfur, vulcanised rubber was formed.

Matchsticks - John Walker, realised that there was some sticky substance at the end of a wooden stick that caught fire when it was rubbed. He then used the idea to create matchsticks.

Plastic - Leo Baekeland, was trying to create a cheaper alternative to shellac. His invention was moldable and was a strong insulator. He had accidentally plastic antidepressants that were used to treat tuberculosis and are still used for medicinal purposes.

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Activity 1

Windshield wipers - In 1903, Mary Anderson invented windshield wipers that could be manually controlled from inside the car to make driving safe during rain and snow by allowing the driver to see the road ahead. When her patent expired in 1920, Cadillac included them in all their car designs. Then other companies followed to keep up with the competition and it was at this time that the product was successful.

Dishwasher - Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher to make the kitchen chores easier for her servants and patented it in 1988. The dishwasher combined high water pressure, a wheel, a boiler and a wire rack. The structure of the dishwasher was very well constructed and the dishwashers currently used are highly similar to the original one in the way they function.

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Microwave oven - Percy LeBaron Spencer was working on magnetrons—high-powered vacuum tubes that generate short radio waves called microwaves—when he accidentally discovered microwave cooking.

Post it - Dr. Spencer Silver was doing research on strong adhesives when he came across quite the opposite: one that "stuck lightly to surfaces but didn't bond tightly to them."

Artificial sweetener - The Russian chemist was working in the lab of chemistry professor Ira Remsen when he accidentally tasted some of the chemicals he was working with and realized how sweet they were.

Penicillin - Dr. Alexander Fleming came across the antibiotic entirely by chance when he left out cultures of Staphylococcus aureus in his lab for two weeks and returned to find that their growth had been prevented by a mold called Penicillium notatum.

X-ray Machine - Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen was in his laboratory in Wurzburg, Germany, experimenting on a vacuum tube covered in cardboard when he noticed a mysterious glow emanating from a chemically coated screen nearby.

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In 1991 the inventor Trevor Baylis saw a BBC documentary about the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. What was needed was a way of broadcasting the message to people in areas without electricity and where batteries for a radio could cost a month's wages. Then Baylis had the inspired thought that if a simple clockwork spring could power a gramophone then it could be applied to a spring-driven radio. Hence this product was made with a desire to help others.

James Dyson became dissatisfied with the wheel of a conventional wheelbarrow sinking into sand and soft soil so in 1974 he re-invented the wheel. Hence, this product was made due to constructive discontent.

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Activity 2:

Matchsticks: John Walker invented these by using wooden sticks to mix chemicals in the early 1800’s. Once a few chemicals were stuck together on a single wooden stick when he tried to scrape it off, the stick caught fire. He then decided, to make this a product as it would be easy when there is no electricity.

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- Air conditioning: Willis Carrier's first air conditioning unit was in operation in 1912. This made one Brooklyn printing plant owner very happy. Fluctuations in heat and humidity in his plant kept causing the dimensions of his printing paper to alter and create misalignment of the coloured inks. The new air conditioning machine created a stable environment and, as a result, aligned four-colour printing became possible.

- Telephone: Create to improve communication across the globe.

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Activity 2

Plastic- Leo Hendrik Baekeland while experimenting accidentally came up with a material which could resist high temperatures, it was named as plastic.

Ice cream cone- In a fair event, the ice cream stand run out of cups and Ernest Hamley who was running the waffles stand came up with an idea to bend the waffles and offered the ice cream guy to use them as cups for his ice cream.

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1) I-box hybrid wood and steel track (outside the slides)

Alan Schilke lost his old job in Arrow Dynamics when it filed for bankruptcy. Along with Fred Grubb, he started a new business called Rocky Mountain Construction. To start his business, he realized that he needed to come up with an idea never seen by the world before. Because of this, he invented the I-box wood and steel track. Interest and desire to make money led Alan Schilke to design this track.

2) Tubular steel track

Initially, Disneyland was going to have a real bobsled going down their Matterhorn mountain on real snow and contacted Arrow Dynamics to build this attraction. However, this was impossible to do, so WED Enterprises came up with the idea of using tubular steel track to emulate the feeling of going down a slope. That is how the tubular steel track, seen in most roller coasters today, was invented, due to a desire to make money and by having technical curiosity.

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- Motion Picture Camera: Desire to make money + Scientific or Technical Curiosity. Ben Franklin is speculated to have stolen the idea for the motion picture camera once Louis LePrince's version gained popularity.
- Monopoly: Personal Interest + Desire to help others. The original game concept behind the monopoly game (popularized by Charles Darrow later) was actual invented as a way to spread the idea of Georgism.

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Activity 2:
Potato chips: 1853

George crum deep fried potatoes and added salt because the customer didn't want french fries and when the demand increased it came to be known as potato crisps.

Post it notes: 1968 (silver sticky paper)

1974: found use

Spencer silver was trying to make strong adhesive for the aviation sector but instead produced thin indestructible reusable sheets.

Safety glass: 1903 Edouard Benedictus, after dropping a beaker saw that it only cracked and didn’t shatter due to a layer of plastic.

Vulcanised rubber: Charles good year was trying to making rubber durable with all kinds of things but ended up making vulcanised rubber.

Antidepressants: 1957 was originally a cure for tuberculosis but didn’t cure the disease just made the patient’s mood better.

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Local Anaesthesia: William Morton - 1846

William Morton wanted to create something that helps decrease the pain in operations and his first use was a public demonstration to the surgeons of the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston on Oct. 16, 1846.

Water purifier:

Was created by Hippocrates after 500 BC since he has the desire to help others. He invented the practice of sieving water, and obtained the first bag filter, which was called the 'Hippocratic sleeve. Hippocrates believed that water had to be clean and pure and he designed a crude water filter to “purify” the water he used for his patients.

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Activity 1

1. Printing Press

The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg. This invention allowed books to be produced in a larger scale and also at a cheaper cost in that time. It was done in order to help others where  books became more accessible to the general public at a cheaper cost.

2. Telephone

The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. It was created to help other communicate easily which each other across the world.

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Post it or sticky notes: When Dr. Spencer Silver was researching powerful adhesives, he stumbled upon one that "stuck softly to surfaces but didn't bind securely to them." He had no clue what to do with his find at first, but years later, someone approached him with the notion of creating a bookmark that could adhere to paper without harming it.

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Solar Demi light- The main intention of this product was the desire to help others in the rural community who did not have access to sunlight during days at the house. Solar Demi is a man who travels around installing solar bottles in order to bring light into homes in some of the poorest neighbourhoods.

Sneaker-erasers shoe cleaners- They were created with the desire of making money. Chris pavlica also said that the product was made as he had financial issues and making a product like this would help him financially.

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Matches

John Walker was a pharmacist who was preparing medicines by mixing them with wooden sticks. During the process the wooden stick rubbed against another material which created a spark and lit the stick up due to the medicine on it. Walker made matchsticks out of this accident.

Potato chips

George Crum received complaints that his fries were not crispy enough hence he invented a new recipe. He sliced the potatoes in extremely thin circles and deep fried them. This accident led to the creation of potato chips.

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- Bandaids: Personal interest + desire to make money. A man started sticking gauze with tape so that his wife could attend to her cuts from cooking more independently and using less time. His boss saw the idea and decided to commercialise it.
- Iron Man's AI: Personal interest + scientific/technical curiosity. The specific sort of AI inspired by his was created  by exploration of the topic but due to inspiration from him.

Activity 2
- Potato chips were created when a customer kept asking for his french fries to be thinner. Eventually, the chef cut it into thin wafers which became potato chips. (Driver of invention: constructive discontent).
- Play doh was originally supposed to be a sticky wall cleaner. However, it did not function very well and kids started using it to build structure. The company saw how the product was actually being used and decided to change directions. (Driver of invention: desire to make money).

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Airbags

The first airbags were designed as a supplement to the General Motors- Oldsmobile Toronado, hence it was an optional investment by the purchaser of the vehicle. This airbag was also only equipped at the driver’s seat.

Porsche had the desire to help others and keep their passengers safe hence in 1987, the Porsche 944 Turbo became the first car to have driver and passenger airbags as standard equipment.

Calculator

Blaise Pascal invented the first calculator to satisfy his own technological curiosity and needs.  He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers directly and to perform multiplication and division through repeated addition or subtraction which was not possible before.