# data[].attributes.body
Rifles and cannons had become more powerful, accurate, and deadly proving old fighting tactics obsolete and causing devastating casualties on both sides

First use of ironclads - warships covered with iron plates.

# data[].attributes.body
Had a MUCH smaller population of 9 million including 3.5 million slaves and would have to import all goods including munitions

# data[].attributes.body
Confederates had excellent generals too -Robert E. Lee and Thomas Jackson

Defending is always easier than attacking - (familiar w/climate and territory, possible psychological advantages)

Farmers fight better than factory workers

Profitable economy based on cotton exports

# data[].attributes.body
they would have to fight an offensive war on mostly southern land (long supply lines, unfamiliar territory...)

# data[].attributes.body
LARGE population - 22 million

90% of industrial goods made there- munitions

Efficient railroad system

Controlled the navy

Capable military leaders- Ulysses S. Grant

# data[].attributes.body
The union had more neat and tidy clothes whilst the the confederates looked like farmers with guns.

# data[].attributes.body
Southerners worried that if Congress banned slavery in Missouri, it would try to end slavery elsewhere.

# data[].attributes.body
Northerners were concerned that if Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, other territories would also be admitted as slave states.

# data[].attributes.body
added Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state at the same time to keep the balance equal between the North and the South in the Senate.

# data[].attributes.body
About 253,000 slaves were free but they were excluded from most things. Most of them were slaves though, about 3.75 million and they were not treated like people they did all of the hard working jobs and were abused.

# data[].attributes.body
The south's travel was mostly by river and most of the towns and cities were built by water ways.

# data[].attributes.body
Mild winters and long, hot, humid summers.

Plentiful rainfall and long growing seasons

A perfect place for raising warm-weather crops that would have withered and died farther north.

An especially important feature of the South was its broad, flat rivers. Many of the South's earliest towns were built at the mouths of rivers.

# data[].attributes.body
Growing cities faced many problems such as, Spread of Disease because Filthy Streets, poor sewage systems, no clean drinking water. City Wide Fires because Wood buildings, poorly trained volunteer firefighters, fights over insurance $. Also overcrowding because of European Immigration from Ireland and Germany.

# data[].attributes.body
The north had various ways of transportation such as
1) Better roads
2) Faster steam boats could go 5 miles per hour.
3) Dynamic railroad system

# data[].attributes.body
The south's economy was inadequate than the north's but still progressing at a brisk rate because of cotton demands. Then because of the cotton demand, the south got a numerous slaves to do all the work.

# data[].attributes.body
In the North, All the Northern states experienced four distinct seasons

frigid winters to scorching, humid summers.

Different areas of the North had distinctive natural features.

# data[].attributes.body
Thanks to the Industrial Revolution, the Northern economy grew rapidly after 1800. By 1860, the value of manufacturing in the North was significantly greater than in the South.

# data[].attributes.body
By the early 1830s, Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., all spiritually nourished by revivalism, had taken up the cause of “immediate emancipation.

# data[].attributes.body
Pushed for an end to alcohol abuse and the problems created by it.

Many women took part in this social reform

Considered alcohol to be morally wrong

Reform:

Rose awareness about abuse and domestic violence

Gave women a voice’

Would lead to Prohibition.

# data[].attributes.body
Could not vote

Could not serve on juries

Could not attend college

Could not enter professions such as medicine or law

Limited rights in land ownership
Reform:
Led by Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott

# data[].attributes.body
Movement called for an end to slavery

Abolitionists were the reformers working to end slavery all over US.

Used their newspapers, made speeches and dedicated themselves to helping slaves escape.

# data[].attributes.body
Henry David Thoreau. Famous quotes.

# data[].attributes.body
North: Money and prisons
South: Farming and slavery

# data[].attributes.body
Poorly heated

Cramped conditions

Not enough food

Filled with debtors
Reform:
Dorthea Dix

More sanitary and humane, no debtors

Built asylums for mentally ill

# data[].attributes.body
Massachusetts becomes the first state to use taxes to set up public schools, free from religion.

Only wealthy, no poor

Many Americans couldn’t read or write
Reform:
Horace Mann

Created colleges to train teachers

Other states soon followed MA.