# data[].attributes.body
Use the following as your Bibliography for your project. You will need to copy and paste the sources you used specifically in alphabetical order.

# data[].attributes.headline
"Black Mirror is Coming True in China, where your "Rating" Affects your Home, Transport, and Social Circle"

# data[].attributes.subject
"Black Mirror is Coming True in China, where your "Rating" Affects your Home, Transport, and Social Circle"

# data[].attributes.body
While "Nosedive" might seem far fetched from our reality, this article explores China's Zhima Credit system, which not only takes into account a persons' credit score, but their social circle as well. This credit system not only accounts for low loan rates, but can help people get better flights, travel, and luxury hotels among other trivial things.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In Nosedive, an episode of Black Mirror released on Netflix last year, Bryce Dallas Howard plays Lacie, a woman seeking the approval of her soon-to-be-wed childhood friend. But because this is a machination of Charlie Brooker's mind (Michael Schur and Rashida Jones wrote the script), Lacie's social standing was decided by technology and voted on by the people she interacted with.

Having a good score - above four-point-five out of five - meant that Lacie could qualify for a luxury apartment. If she lost her temper with a waiter or shop assistant, or associated with people with lower scores, her score would drop, excluding her from the more refined parts of society.

A story in Wired magazine reports on Zhima Credit, a "personal credit" rating associated with Alipay, the main form of mobile payment in China - and the power of Zhima Credit sounds eerily similar to that outlined in Nosedive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Black Mirror is coming true in China, where your 'rating' affects your home, transport and social circle

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In Nosedive, an episode of Black Mirror released on Netflix last year, Bryce Dallas Howard plays Lacie, a woman seeking the approval of her soon-to-be-wed childhood friend. But because this is a machination of Charlie Brooker's mind (Michael Schur and Rashida Jones wrote the script), Lacie's social standing was decided by technology and voted on by the people she interacted with.

# data[].attributes.body
As a class, we watched various clips from Black Mirror's "Nosedive" as well as filled out a discussion sheet with a partner. Questions discussed what our future might look like when it comes to likes and social status.

# data[].attributes.body
The following are the results from the Google Form your classmates filled out regarding social media.

# data[].attributes.body
This episode from 1964's The Twilight Zone explored what might happen if a super-computer (which could be compared to some systems we have today, like Siri, Alexa, and Google) developed feelings for a human.

# data[].attributes.headline
"Negative, Positive Effects of Excessive Social Media on Teens Use Studied"

# data[].attributes.subject
"Negative, Positive Effects of Excessive Social Media on Teens Use Studied"

# data[].attributes.body
This article discusses the mixed evidence on how social media use affects young people.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Newsela | Negative, positive effects of excessive social media use on teens studied

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Studies mixed on social media's effect on young people

# data[].attributes.headline
"Teen Suicide Rates Rising, Study Says Social Media Use Could be a Factor"

# data[].attributes.subject
"Teen Suicide Rates Rising, Study Says Social Media Use Could be a Factor"

# data[].attributes.body
This article discussed how teen suicide rates have been rising in conjunction with the rise of social media. Could the two be connected?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Newsela | Teen suicide rates rising, study says social media use could be a factor

# data[].attributes.headline
"Safety Goes out the Window when it Comes to Getting Social Media "Likes""

# data[].attributes.subject
"Safety Goes out the Window when it Comes to Getting Social Media "Likes""

# data[].attributes.body
This article discussed how people are risking their lives to do "death defying" stunts in order to receive more likes on their social media posts.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Newsela | Safety goes out the window when it comes to getting social media "likes"

# data[].attributes.headline
"Social Media can be both a Bummer and a Boom for the Brain"

# data[].attributes.subject
"Social Media can be both a Bummer and a Boom for the Brain"

# data[].attributes.body
This article talked about social media's effects on mental health.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Newsela | Instructional Content Platform

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Newsela is an Instructional Content Platform that supercharges reading engagement and learning in every subject.

# data[].attributes.body
This artsy video followed a young woman around as she navigated her day without her cell phone. It showed everyone else on their phone around her. This was a criticism about people not really enjoying what's around them because they're so focused on social media. Do you think this is true?

# data[].attributes.body
Brainstorm of Positive and Negative effects of Social Media

# data[].attributes.body
Brainstorm of Positive and Negative effects of Social Media

# data[].attributes.body
Brainstorm of Positive and Negative effects of Social Media

# data[].attributes.body
This documentary followed how social media has impacted society today. It featured a round-table of teenagers, from age 12 to 19, discussing how social media has impacted their lives.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
PROJECT SOCIALIZE Documentary 2016 (feat. Casey Neistat) Social Media, FOMO, Anxiety

# data[].attributes.body
Brainstorm of Positive and Negative effects of Social Media

# data[].attributes.headline
"Some Doctors Think Snapchat Filters and Facetune Could be Inspiring Plastic Surgery Requests"

# data[].attributes.subject
"Some Doctors Think Snapchat Filters and Facetune Could be Inspiring Plastic Surgery Requests"

# data[].attributes.body
This article explored the possibility that some people have been getting plastic surgery to look more like their Snapchat filters -- Is this dangerous? Normal?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If you've ever used Snapchat filters, you know that they don't just add puppy ears and a flower crown to your head. They can make your eyes appear larger, chin smaller, and nose narrower, and give you a face as smooth and blemish-free as a baby's.

However, some doctors are worried that filters, and social media in general, are creating pressure to look perfect IRL and this might be harmful - particularly for teens and young adults. They say social media is fueling a rise in surgery requests by younger people, and face-altering apps and filters are creating unrealistic expectations for the results of these procedures.

"Society, with all the social media, is much more image-focused. ... You see it with all types of social media platforms," Dr. Neelam Vashi, director of the Boston University Cosmetic and Laser Center, told BuzzFeed News.

These photo-editing filters and apps offer a degree of image control that was previously only available to celebrities or models, and they have altered beauty standards, according to an opinion piece Vashi and her colleagues published this month in JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery.

They say selfies and filters could worsen symptoms for people who have been diagnosed with or are at risk for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), or an excessive preoccupation with one or more perceived flaws in appearance. About 2.2% of women and 2.5% of men are thought to have this body image disorder, which can lead to intrusive, repetitive, and debilitating thoughts and behavior similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder - but focused on appearance.

"Snapchat dysmorphia" is a term that was first coined by British cosmetic surgeon Tijion Esho earlier this year to describe the rise in patients who wanted plastic surgery to mimic their filtered selfies.

But this isn't a recognized medical diagnosis, and so far, there is no real data showing a link between filters or image-altering apps and a rise in BDD diagnoses. And aren't face filters just a fun way to play around and express yourself?

Well yes, but more people who are considering cosmetic or surgical procedures say that looking better in selfies is one of the reasons, according to a 2017 survey by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS). It found that 55% of surgeons reported seeing patients who wanted to alter their appearance to improve selfies, up from 42% in 2016.

And it's known that selfies, even without any filters, can sometimes be misleading. Earlier research has shown that the angle and distance at which we take selfies can make your nose appear larger, which can cause people to think their nose is bigger than it is in real life.

One 2015 study found that young girls who like to share selfies online and/or manipulate their image before doing so are more likely to have body-related and eating concerns than those who don't. But it can be hard to tease out which came first - it's possible that people who are already concerned about the way they look are more likely to use face- and body-changing technology.

Vashi said doctors don't think Snapchat filters and Facetune are actually causing BDD. "Snapchat filters are not causing plastic surgery, and Snapchat dysmorphia is not BDD, but it could be a trigger and this [article] is just increasing awareness," Vashi said.

They do have some patients who seem to expect that they will be able to achieve a look that's as perfect as a filtered image.

"The filters create an instantaneous change or improvement in looks ... so patients want to go to their doctor and get instantaneous enhancement. ... To what extent is that feasible or appropriate?" Vashi said.

"Social media can encourage certain patients to have unrealistic and unhealthy obsessions," Dr. Patrick Byrne, director of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and an AAFPRS board member, told BuzzFeed News.

"We've seen this dynamic for several years. ... People's obsession with their appearance on social media and the ease and frequency of selfies has led to a number of young people who seek plastic surgery," Byrne said. "Nobody has a perfect facial appearance - real life makes that obvious, but online it isn't obvious because people can control their appearance," he said.

But if you are thinking about getting plastic surgery, does it really matter if you bring a picture to the plastic surgeon of your own (edited) face instead of an image of Angelina Jolie or Denzel Washington?

According to Vashi, it does - face filters blur the line between reality and fantasy, creating unrealistic expectations of what can be done. "I can easily accept not looking like a celebrity, but it's much harder for me to accept that I can't look like an enhanced version of myself from a social media filter ... It makes it much more close to home," Vashi said.

"The takeaway for clinicians is to be aware of the influence of social media, especially with the younger generation," Vashi said. She also encourages more doctors to be aware of BDD and the early symptoms, which can be difficult to diagnose. For people with BDD, surgery generally doesn't help relieve anxiety about physical appearance, she said. A better approach might be cognitive behavioral therapy or medication.

"Doing something to enhance the body can be very helpful for some people, it's just when these things become excessive. We can't live in this fantasy world, we need realistic expectations of what can be done," said Vashi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Some Doctors Think Snapchat Filters And Facetune Could Be Inspiring Plastic Surgery Requests

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you've ever used Snapchat filters, you know that they don't just add puppy ears and a flower crown to your head. They can make your eyes appear larger, chin smaller, and nose narrower, and give you a face as smooth and blemish-free as a baby's.

# data[].attributes.headline
"25 Things about Social Media that are Good to Keep in Mind"

# data[].attributes.subject
"25 Things about Social Media that are Good to Keep in Mind"

# data[].attributes.body
This video, in a massive list format, listed 25 things that were good about social media. Some of these included: being able to communicate with family and friends far away as well as the opportunity to be saved from danger by being able to post online. Do you agree or disagree with this list?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
25 ADVANTAGES of SOCIAL MEDIA That Are Good To Keep In Mind

# data[].attributes.body
This episode from 1964's The Twilight Zone explored the futuristic possibility of what if everyone looked the same. Can you see our future looking anything like this... Is it somewhat like this now?

# data[].attributes.headline
"Do Instagram and Snapchat Distort how Teenagers See Themselves?"

# data[].attributes.subject
"Do Instagram and Snapchat Distort how Teenagers See Themselves?"

# data[].attributes.body
This article discussed how your social media feed could be distorting how teenagers see themselves.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By

Something to bear in mind on World Mental Health Day: Your social media feed could be distorting how you see yourself.

Photos on Instagram Snapchat and other platforms are fueling a rise in mental health disorders, skewing users' self-perception and inspiring them to seek out plastic surgery procedures, a recent paper published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found.

Don't miss: Instagram co-founders are stepping down

Photo editing apps and social media have caused people to compare themselves to unrealistic beauty standards, and can even lead to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), it said. BDD is classified as a form of obsessive compulsive disorder in which a person becomes excessively preoccupied with a perceived flaw in appearance.

People are seeking changes to very small perceived flaws after spending too much time on social media, said Lara Devgan, the chief medical officer at plastic-surgery platform RealSelf. (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Facetune did not respond to requests for comment.)

"I've noticed an uptick in people looking for what I like to call micro-optimization - tiny, millimeter-level changes that together make the face look better," she said. Examples include requests for slightly fuller lips or narrower noses. "This is the principle behind Snapchat filters, and it has become the new norm with aesthetic medicine and plastic surgery."

Many patients don't realize the images they constantly see on social media are airbrushed, the paper said. Meanwhile, cosmetic surgery jumped 11% in 2017, with consumers spending more than $6.5 billion on procedures that year alone, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, a trade group.

Also see: Does it pay to airbrush your photos to perfection?

The number of cosmetic procedures of all kinds has increased 115% since 2000, which many surgeons attribute to the rise of social media. The majority of plastic surgeons (66%) say that patients request procedures such as lip fillers based on posts by social media stars like Kylie Jenner.

More than 40% of surgeons in a recent American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery survey said looking better in selfies on Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook was an incentive for patients getting surgery.

Doctor Michael Byun, a cosmetic surgeon in Chicago, said he has seen an increase in teens coming in for lip procedures citing photos of Kylie Jenner as inspiration. He struggles to balance their wishes with what is best for the patient.

"Patients are the most important person in the equation," he said. "But I should be protective of my patient and be an advocate. We surgeons should do procedures benefiting their physiology as well as their psychology."

Don't miss: America's fastest-growing plastic surgery procedure takes place below the belt

Before Instagram and Facebook, patients would bring images of celebrities to their surgeons. But now, in a phenomenon dubbed "Snapchat dysmorphia," patients bring in edited versions of their own faces created with the retouching app Facetune or Instagram or Snapchat filters, showing fuller lips, bigger eyes, and a thinner nose, the researchers said.

"This is an alarming trend because those filtered selfies often present an unattainable look and are blurring the line of reality and fantasy for these patients," the authors of the JAMA article wrote. The paper was co-authored by four doctors at the Boston University School of Medicine based on their experiences.

The trend isn't just limited to women: Men accounted for 8% of those who got plastic surgery in 2017, up 1% from 2016. Men received contouring procedures such as liposuction (up 23%), tummy tucks (up 12%) and male breast reductions (up 30%) over the past year.

(This story was updated for World Mental Health Day on Oct. 10, 2018.)
Get a daily roundup of the top reads in personal finance delivered to your inbox. Subscribe to MarketWatch's free Personal Finance Daily newsletter. Sign up here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Do Instagram and Snapchat distort how teenagers see themselves?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Something to bear in mind on World Mental Health Day: Your social media feed could be distorting how you see yourself. Photos on Instagram Snapchat and other platforms are fueling a rise in mental health disorders, skewing users' self-perception and inspiring them to seek out plastic surgery procedures, a recent paper published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found.

# data[].attributes.headline
New Kings: The Power of Online Influencers

# data[].attributes.subject
New Kings: The Power of Online Influencers

# data[].attributes.body
This documentary explored how social media influencers (whether that be on YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, etc.) use marketing to make money and grow their own personal brand,.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Documentary - New Kings: The Power of Online Influencers  (Influencer Marketing)