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Intellectual Functioning: also called intelligence, refers to general mental capacity such as; learning, reasoning, problem solving and so on.
Adaptive Behavior:
1. Conceptual Skills
2. Social Skills
3. Practical Skills
Signs begin to show before age 18

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Strategies
1. Use short and simple sentences to ensure understanding.
2. Provide an encouraging and supportive learning environment
3. Develop a procedure for the student to ask for help (e.g. cue card, raising hand).
4. Encourage students to use relaxation and other stress reducing techniques during exams
5. Break longer, new tasks into small steps

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Defining Learning Disabilities
1. A learning disability is a neurological condition that interferes with an individual’s ability to store, process, or produce information.
Specific Learn Disabilities
1. Auditory Processing Disorder
2. Dysgraphia
3. Language Processing Disorder
4. Dyscalculia
5. Dyslexia
6. Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
7. Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit
Related Disorder
ADHD
Executive Functioning
Dyspraxia
Memory

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Successful Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities
1. direct instruction; learning strategy instruction; and using a sequential, simultaneous structured multi-sensory approach.
2. break learning into small steps;
3. use diagrams, graphics and pictures to augment what they say in words;
4. provide prompts of strategies to use; and engage students in process type questions like “How is the strategy working? Where else might you apply it?”

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Colorado's Definition of Developmental Disabilities
Developmental Disability means a disability that is manifested before the person reaches twenty-two (22) years of age, which constitutes a substantial disability to the affected individual, and is attributable to mental retardation or related conditions which include cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism or other neurological conditions when such conditions result in impairment of general intellectual functioning or adaptive behavior similar to that of a person with mental retardation. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the federal definition of "Developmental Disability" found in 42 U.S.C. 6000, et seq., shall not apply.

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Developmental Delay
It is important to implement strategies that address the needs of the individual.  We recommend that you apply these strategies across home, school, and community contexts.
Physical Development
1. Plan physical activities for times when the student has the most energy.
2. Provide simple, fun obstacle courses that the student is capable of completing. 3. Provide daily opportunities and activities for children to use handheld tools and objects.
4. Use songs with finger plays to develop fine motor skills.
Cognitive Development
1. Share information about how things work.
2. Pair student with a buddy who can assist with keeping the student on track.
3. Be consistent with classroom routines.
4. Set a routine so student knows what to expect
5. Provide a visual schedule of activities that can be understood by the student (using photos, icons).

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Autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Every person with autism is different. All will have problems with communication and social skills but not in the same way. Autism is a spectrum disorder because it can cause mild problems, severe problems, or something in between.

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It is important to implement strategies that address the needs of the individual.  We recommend that you apply these strategies across home, school, and community contexts.
Communication
Paraphrase back what the student has said or indicated.
Socialization
Use cartoon conversations, coping comics, and thought stories to teach social responses.
Restrictive, Repetitive, and Stereotyped Behavior
Have a "hands to yourself" rule to respect personal space of all students.
Daily Living
Program for generalization of targeted skills
Academics and Organization
Allow access to narrow interests / obsessive behavior as a reward, break activity, or calming activity (but clearly establish rules regarding frequency and duration of access).

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Developmental
- Give students blocks, clay, paper, pencils, crayons, safety scissors, play dough, and manipulatives to use.
Intellectual
- breaking a task into its small steps
Learning Disadvantages
- Have the student repeat back the instructions for a task to ensure he understands. Correct any miscommunication before he begins the actual work.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Repeat words he just heard or words he heard days or weeks earlier, called echolalia (pronounced ek-o-lay-lee-a).