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organ: skeletal muscles
response: contraction of motor skeletal muscle fibers (voluntary movement)

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Interacts: with ryanodine receptors (i.e. calcium channel) - blocker
Drug and it's actions:
dantrolene inhibits skeletal muscle contraction by blocking Ca² ion release within the muscle fiber

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Interacts: with nicotinic 2 (Nm) receptors - blocks
Drug and it's actions:
rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®) binds to nicotinic 2 receptors and blocks ACH from binding, therefore preventing depolarization (i.e. muscle contraction)

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Interacts: with nicotinic 2 (Nm) receptors - depolarization
Drug and it's actions:
succinylcholine binds to nicotinic 2 receptors and induces depolarization (causing muscle fasciculations) while altering the receptor so that it can not respond to endogenous ACH and thus preventing contractions from occurring.

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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS - Centrally Acting

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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS - Centrally Acting

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MOA: Block conduction within the spinal cord by decreasing the number of impulses available to produce a contraction at motor neurons.
Drug examples:

cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®)

carisoprodol (Soma®)

methocarbamol (Robaxin®)

orphenadrine citrate (Norflex®)

chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSC®)

metaxalone (Skelaxin®)

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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS - Peripheral Acting

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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS - Peripheral Acting

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Visceral Motor Division

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-Pharmacology: An Introduction 7th Edition by Hitner, Henry & Nagle, Barbara
-ACC Lecture Notes

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Interacts: with muscarinic receptors - blocker
Actions:
Blocks cholinergic receptors via competitive antagonism
Drug examples and their actions:

atropine increases HR, decreases vagus nerve activity (parasympathetic), slows digestion and urination, mydriasis

dicyclomine (Bentyl®) decreases GI secretions and motility

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) causes bronchodilation

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Interacts: with acetylcholineterase - inhibition
Actions:
Inhibits the degradation of ACH in the synapse -> increases ACH
Drug example:
neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
Treats:

(muscarinic receptor sites) urinary retention, intestinal stasis/ileus

(nicotinic 2 or Nm receptor sites) reversal of anticholinergic Zemuron with respiratory paralysis from anesthesia; myasthenia gravis (autoimmune disease that attacks N2/Nm receptors and results in weak skeletal muscle

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Interacts: with muscarinic receptors - stimulation
Drugs examples and their actions:

acetylcholine constricts pupils -> miosis

pilocarpine (Pilocar®) constricts pupils and decreases intraocular pressure

bethanechol (Urecholine®) contraction of smooth muscle of the GI tract and urinary bladder -> increase urination and defecation

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Interacts: with beta 1 and beta 2 receptors - blocking
Actions:

decrease force of contraction (- inotropic)

decrease heart rate (- chronotropic)

decrease AV conduction (- dromotropic)

decreased cardiac output and BP

can cause bronchoconstriction

Drug examples:

nadolol (Corgard®)

propranolol (Inderol®)

timolol (Blocadren®)

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Interacts: with beta 1 receptors - blocking
Actions:

decrease force of contraction (- inotropic)

decrease heart rate (- chronotropic)

decrease AV conduction (- dromotropic)

decreased cardiac output and BP

Drug examples:

atenolol (Tenormin®)

metoprolol (Lopressor®)

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Interacts: with alpha 1 receptors - blocking
Actions:

relaxation of smooth muscle

vasodilation -> decreases BP

relaxation of the ureters -> increased urine flow

Drug examples:

prazosin (Minipress®)

terazosin (Hytrin®)

doxazosin (Cardura®)

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Interacts: with beta 2 receptors - stimulation
Actions:

relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs -> bronchodilation

relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus

Drug examples:

formoterol (Foradil®)

albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)

terbutaline (Brethine®)

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@ low dose:
interacts with dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidney,  actions: vasodilation in kidneys -> increased renal blood flow
@ moderate dose:
interacts with beta 1 receptors, actions: increased force of contraction and cardiac output
@ high dose:
interacts with alpha 1 receptors, actions:
vasoconstriction -> increases BP

Drug examples: dobutamine

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Interacts:  all alpha  and beta receptors - stimulation
Actions:

vasoconstriction -> increases BP

cardiac stimulant

bronchodilator

Drug examples:
epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

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Interacts: with alpha 1 receptors - stimulation
Actions:

contraction of smooth muscles

vasoconstriction -> increases BP

decongestant

Drug examples:

ephedrine

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

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organ: post ganglionic nerve fibers of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
response: transmit electrical impulse in post ganglionic nerve

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organ: heart
response:
-slight decrease force of contraction (- inotropic)
-decrease heart rate (- chronotropic)
-decrease AV conduction (- dromotropic)
organ: eyes
response: pupil constriction (miosis)
organ: GI tract
response: increased motility and defecation
organ: GI glands
response: increased secretion
organ: lungs
response: bronchoconstriction
organ: urinary bladder
response: contraction, increased urinary flow
organ: urinary sphincter
response: relaxation, increased urinary flow

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organ: lung response: brochodilation
organ: uterus response: relaxation
organ: coronary arteries response: vasodilation
organ: skeletal muscle arteries response: vasodilation

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organ: heart
response:

moderate increase force of contraction (+ inotropic)

moderate increase heart rate (+ chronotropic)

moderate increase AV conduction (+ dromotropic)

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organ: heart
response:

increase force of contraction (+ inotropic)

increase heart rate (+ chronotropic)

increase AV conduction (+ dromotropic)

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organ: adrenergic nerve ending
response: decrease release of NE

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organ: arteries and veins
response: vasoconstriction
organ: urinary and GI tract
response: contraction of sphincters
organ: eyes
response: pupil dilation (mydriasis)
organ: apocrine glands
response: sweating

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located in neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

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located at ganglia of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

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located on cardiac muscle, smooth muscle of GI tract (including glands), eyes, urinary bladder & sphincter, and lower respiratory passage.

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located on smooth muscle of the lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

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located on the heart

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located on adrenergic nerve endings

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located on smooth muscle of the glands, eyes, most arteries and veins, urinary sphincter, GI sphincter

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Cholinergic Division

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Adrenergic Division