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Sentence starters to introduce the counterclaim:
-On the other hand, one might argue...
-Some people might say....
-Although it is true that...

Sentence starters to disprove the counterclaim:
-However, the evidence suggests that...
-Overall, a stronger argument can be made that...

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Juxtaposition: To bring together for the purpose of side-by-side comparison or contrast.

Ex) Ms. Peck is short, but you wouldn't realize JUST HOW SHORT she is until you saw her next to Mr. Merrill! After you juxtapose Ms. Peck next to Mr. Merrill, it is obvious just how short Ms. Peck really is.

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Snapshots: sensory details that are external (outside). They help the reader imagine the scene.

Thoughtshots: thoughts/feelings from the character. They help the reader understand the character.

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Identifying the Meaning of Unknown Words

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Identifying the Meaning of Unknown Words

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Read on - use context clues by reading the rest of the sentence or paragraph, and trying to see if you can figure out what the word means.

Connotation - try to figure out (based on the rest of the sentence or phrase) if it has a positive (+) , negative (-) , or neutral (0) connotation.

Contrast - use words like “BUT,” “HOWEVER,” or “ALTHOUGH,” to see if the author is telling you the OPPOSITE of what the word means later in the sentence or paragraph.

Break it down - use roots or prefixes you recognize. Common prefixes =

un = not

dis = not

re = again

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Here are some common TYPES of figurative language. Remember, figurative language is when authors use really specific words/phrases to make us feel some type of way when you read the text.

1. Specific word choice (authors pick a really specific word on PURPOSE to show something!)
Ex) "She shrieked with fury."

2. Simile (uses "like" or "as" to compare two things)
Ex) "Tears ran down his face like rain."

3. Metaphor (NO "like" or "as", but still showing how one thing is similar to something else)
Ex) "All that anger was eating me up inside."

4. Imagery (paints a picture in your mind)
Ex) "The garden shone in the sunlight. Small bits of light were glowing on every blade of grass."

5. Sensory details (description using one of the five senses)
Ex) "He smelled like burnt smoke"

6. Repetition (repeating words again and again to emphasize an idea)
Ex) "I was running, running fast, running harder than I'd ever run before, running for my life,"

7. Personification: (describing animals/things/places like they are people. This is a type of metaphor)
Ex) “The wind was singing in the trees.” (the wind can't actually sing - it's not a person! but this describes the sound of the wind)
Ex) “My bed was so comfortable that it hugged me to sleep.”

- - SOMETIMES THESE OVERLAP!!! A quote might "fit" more than one category!!!! - - -

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STRUCTURE (how the story is organized)

SENSORY LANGUAGE (sensory details)

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

PACING (build tension and develop the plot up to the climax)

POINT OF VIEW (mixing it up or keeping the same one)

HUMOR (making the story funny or using parody!)

CHARACTERIZATION/ CHARACTERS (characters show us different ideas in the story)