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8. Urban regeneration in Birmingham helped the improvement to the city socially, economically and environmentally. After the industrial revolution many factories closed leaving people without jobs and the closure of many areas that turned into derelict sites. Birmingham then stated to regenerate the city. They built new houses and created over 8000 new jobs when regenerating the Bullring and 1000 new jobs in the grand central station. This lead to an increase for the cities economy with over £750 million income from the new businesses. On the Eastside 30,000 new office jobs were created with over 600,000m of new business space and new areas created for green space leading to reduction of carbon emissions in the city.

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Question 11
One of the ways that the east village is sustainable is that when they built it, they had a second image in the plans for after the Olympics. This meant that the buildings wouldn't create a derelict area, which generally creates an increase in crime. Another reason that the east village is sustainable is that they have created 10 hectares of green open spaces. This helped make up for the pollution that was produced when the village was being built. This included parkland and wetland which helped encourage the wildlife and also attracted a lot of tourists which is good for the economy

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the spiral of decline has lead to many areas of deprivation within birmingham, this is because birmingham used to be an area of major factories and many people in the community would work there, as time has gone on and factories have closed, many have lost their jobs and only way of income, this leads too a poorer standard of living as people cannot afford better things, the community continues to spiral as there is less development in the area. it is a continuos spiral unless the government does something and steps in, this is why i should be elected # vote me i will build a granite seawall and make a utopia in great britain # also i will ban tiktok because it is cringe #george2024 #george2024

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q2 lagos has experienced rapid urban growth due to its educational opportunities. 35%more 15-25 year olds in lagos compared to nigeria can read and write. this means that they will have a better chance of getting a well paid job in the future.

lagos has also experienced urban growth due to the fact that 80% of nigerias industry is located in lagos. this leads to there being a lot of job opportunities available so that people can earn an income leading to them having a better quality of life

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11. The East village (west of Stratford), almost recycles resources such as water as opposed to creating more detrimental problems by making these resources. For Example, in comparison to other urban areas, the east village uses 50% less water this is completed by recycling the water and filtering and draining rainwater collected. Instead of leaving the area derelict, the east village is used for SEE benefit. In Addition, the East village use 30% less energy due to using a combined heat and energy source, this is more SEE sustainable as this releases less pollution and costs less to produce compared if they were separate.

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Bikes are a sustainable method of transport in larger cities because it will reduce people’s carbon footprint and reduce the amount of congestion in the more populated are.
In Birmingham they have new street station which is a large transport link to travel across the country.

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Question 12

Santander bikes are a sustainable transport method which has decreased the amount of congestion in London. This is due to the fact that they are reducing the number of cars on the roads as there are 11,550 bikes to hire from 70 docking stations.  There are bike lanes and special bike signals at junctions help to improve safety. The price for the bikes is very reasonable and fitting for long and short journeys: £2 to hire and free for 30 mins – for time after every 30 mins is £2 more.  These bikes have specific bike paths so also keeps the cyclists off the road. The bikes are all round sustainable as they help keep people fit, are a cheap transport method and do not contribute to climate change as they cause less air pollution.

Another sustainable transport method id the London underground, this is because it takes over 3 million passengers off the roads every day. The London underground includes 13 different that connect to the outer suburbs. If passengers are frequently using the underground, they can get an oyster card which is an efficient way of paying for trips. The underground allows more commuters to access rail connections across the city so less cars on the road. The London underground is overall sustainable as it connects the CBD and the outer suburbs, the ticket price is cheaper than using a car and it does not lead to harmful air pollution.

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Question 11
East Village in London is a sustainable area because they have found new ways such as energy conservation to reduce wasted hot water. Energy conservation is where when electricity is being generated heat is also being produced. This then leads to heat being pumped around East Village supplying them heat. Saving them energy. This means that East Village is very sustainable.
Another way East Village is sustainable is their water conservation. This has helped save them water and water use is 50% less than other urban areas.
It is also sustainable because it is on an area that would have otherwise become derelict.

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squatter settlements are a challenge for urban areas such as Lagos because the amount of informal jobs. Due to this this means that these people are not paying tax to the government so that the government can not improve surrounding areas

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ls is the main trade area for nigeria bringing in a lot of profit for the country and generaly increasing the welbeing of the enhabitants  that live there.

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Birmingham is important nationally because it has lots of travel connections including train stations like new street train station in 2015 which had 34 million people using it also it has an international airport

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12: One of the ways of sustainable transport is the boris bikes. You pay a small fee for 24hrs and its a really good way for reducing the carbon footprint made by people. The other way of sustainable transport is the subway. This can take alot of people all over london and also helps reduce the carbon dioxide emitted by people everyday

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Birmingham airport- International airport
Birmingham new Street- biggest train station outside london.
this means that people can get around quicker for a cheaper price rather than using a car and paying for petrol.

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Q3)
squatter settlements are extremely poor areas where it is all made by the people who live there. It is also illegal. Makoko is a squatter settlement in Lagos, Nigeria. Makoko is a very large squatter settlement with over 250,000 residents and constantly growing. The community in Makoko is very trusting as crime is not common, this is because everyone knows they are all in the same situation. The Nigerian government tried to destroy Makoko in 2014 because it is an eye-sore and may put of wealthy business people. The government failed as it is too late to get rid of it for it is now to large.

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Q4) rubbish collection- those living in Makoko slum have the opportunity to have lagos rubbish trucks take away their rubbish . this holds many opportunities for both partys because the population of makoko doesnt have to live in their own litter , As well as for the people of Lagos because it stops people from Makoko from dumping their rubbish in the lagoon , which leads to a) eye pollution and b)water pollution.Because of this it means that those flying in from the airport that have to travel across the bridge to get into lagos as well as the locals dont have such an eyesore to look at when they are travelling because this can deter visitors which isnt good for lagos economy.

Secondly , makoko floating school . This provided education to people living in Makoko.this means that lagos get an equal opportunity in being able to get a job to earn money. this would slowly begin to decrease the amount of people living in makoko as they would be able to get a job and house elsewhere.

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Birmingham has new street station, which is the second biggest city in the UK. Birmingham also provides 7 billion to the economy.

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question 6

Birmingham being the 2nd largest city in the UK is a huge tourist location nationally. it is located right in the center of England and is easy access to anyone in the country. Birmingham being a tourist location leads to having to have good maintained and good facilities. Birmingham also being in the midlands means that it has to have a large amount of transport facilities which it does have. If it doesn't this leads to it not being accessed easily and also economically leads to not as much money coming into Birmingham and the government.

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Q12. Two sustainable transport links used to reduce congestion in London are the Santander bikes which are not fuel powered and they are very sustainable.

Congestion charge has also reduced congestion in London by putting people off of driving in London this leads to less congestion and cars in London.

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Santander Bikes reduce congestion in London because they encourage people to use cycleways, this means that there will be less cars on the Road. London underground also reduces congestion in London because it allows more commuters to access rail