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The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the family Felidae and a member of the genus Panthera. It has a muscular, deep-chested body, short, rounded head, round ears, and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. It is sexually dimorphic; adult male lions have a prominent mane. With a typical head-to-body length of 184–208 cm (72–82 in) they are larger than females at 160–184 cm (63–72 in). It is a social species, forming groups called prides. A lion pride consists of a few adult males, related females and cubs. Groups of female lions usually hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. The lion is an apex and keystone predator; although some lions scavenge when opportunities occur and have been known to hunt humans, the species typically does not.

Typically, the lion inhabits grasslands and savannas, but is absent in dense forests. It is usually more diurnal than other big cats, but when persecuted it adapts to being active at night and at twilight. During the Neolithic period, the lion ranged throughout Africa, Southeast Europe, and Western and South Asia but today it has been reduced to fragmented populations in sub-Saharan Africa and one critically endangered population in western India. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 because populations in African countries have declined by about 43% since the early 1990s. Lion populations are untenable outside designated protected areas. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes for concern.

One of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture, the lion has been extensively depicted in sculptures and paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and literature. Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoological gardens across the world since the late 18th century. Cultural depictions of lions were prominent in Ancient Egypt, and depictions have occurred in virtually all ancient and medieval cultures in the lion's former and current ranges.

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The rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri), also known as the ring-necked parakeet, is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula, of the family Psittacidae. It has disjunct native ranges in Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, and is now introduced into many other parts of the world where feral populations have established themselves and are bred for the exotic pet trade.

The rose-ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic. The adult male sports a red and black neck ring, and the hen and immature birds of both sexes either show no neck rings, or display shadow-like pale to dark grey neck rings. Both sexes have a distinctive green colour in the wild, and captive bred ringnecks have multiple colour mutations including blue, violet and yellow. Rose-ringed parakeets measure on average 40 cm (16 in) in length, including the tail feathers, a large portion of their total length. Their average single-wing length is about 15 to 17.5 cm (5.9 to 6.9 in). In the wild, this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawking call. Captive individuals can be taught to speak. They are a herbivorous and non-migratory species.

One of the few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in disturbed habitats, it has withstood the onslaught of urbanisation and deforestation. As a popular pet species, escaped birds have colonised a number of cities around the world, including Northern and Western Europe.[2] These parakeets have also proven themselves capable of living in a variety of climates outside their native range, and are able to survive low winter temperatures in Northern Europe.[3][4] The species is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because its population appears to be increasing, but its popularity as a pet and unpopularity with farmers have reduced its numbers in some parts of its native range.[1]

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Records in the nature -       Cret Daria 

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Records in the nature -       Cret Daria 

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The Big Bang is the most important event in the life of our universe.The Big Bang was the event that gave birth to our universe.
The life of our universe began with the explosion of matter created by the Big Bang.It happened almost 13.8 billion years ago but it is still expanding the universe until this day.
After it subatomic particles and atoms began to form.At the same time the unknown dark matter began to expand,dilating the universe.
With the passing of time large clouds of hidrogen and helium appeard and, because of gravity stars and planets formed.
Before 4,6 billion years from todays time our sun formed from hidrogen,helium,oxygen,carbon,neon and iron.Thus our solar sistem began slowly to take shape.

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The cat (Felis catus) is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal.[1][2] It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is often referred to as the domestic cat to distinguish it from the wild members of the family.[4] A cat can either be a house cat, a farm cat or a feral cat; the latter ranges freely and avoids human contact.[5] Domestic cats are valued by humans for companionship and their ability to hunt rodents. About 60 cat breeds are recognized by various cat registries.[6]

The cat is similar in anatomy to the other felid species: it has a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp teeth and retractable claws adapted to killing small prey. Its night vision and sense of smell are well developed. Cat communication includes vocalizations like meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling and grunting as well as cat-specific body language. A predator that is most active at dawn and dusk, the cat is a solitary hunter but a social species. It can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small mammals.[7] It secretes and perceives pheromones.[8]

Female domestic cats can have kittens from spring to late autumn, with litter sizes often ranging from two to five kittens.[9] Domestic cats are bred and shown at events as registered pedigreed cats, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control breeding of pet cats by spaying and neutering, as well as abandonment of pets, resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to the extinction of entire bird, mammal, and reptile species, and evoking population control.[10]

Cats were first domesticated in the Near East around 7500 BC.[11] It was long thought that cat domestication was initiated in ancient Egypt, as since around 3100 BC veneration was given to cats in ancient Egypt.[12][13] As of 2021 there are an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world.[14][15] As of 2017, the domestic cat was the second-most popular pet in the United States, with 95 million cats owned.[16][17][18] In the United Kingdom, around 7.3 million cats lived in more than 4.8 million households as of 2019.[19]

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In 1788, Jean-Claude Delamétherie described a black leopard that was kept in the Tower of London and had been brought from Bengal.[1] In 1794, Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer proposed the scientific name Felis fusca for this individual, the Indian leopard.[2] In 1809, Georges Cuvier described a black leopard kept in the Ménagerie du Jardin des plantes that had been brought from Java. Cuvier proposed to name it Felis melas, the Javan leopard.[3] By 1929, the Natural History Museum, London also had skins of black leopards collected in South Africa and Kanara in southern India.[4]

Melanism in the leopard is conferred by a recessive allele.[5] Melanistic and non-melanistic animals can be littermates. It is thought that melanism confers a selective advantage under certain conditions since it is more common in regions of dense forest, where light levels are lower. Preliminary studies also suggest that melanism might be linked to beneficial mutations in the immune system.[6] The typical spotted markings are present but hidden due to the excess black pigments, which is called "ghost rosettes".[7]

In North Africa, dark African leopards (P. p. pardus) were reported in the Atlas Mountains.[8] A black leopard was sighted in the alpine zone of Mount Kenya.[9] In 2019, a black leopard was recorded in Kenya's Laikipia County.[10][11]

Frequency of melanism appears to be approximately 11% over the leopard's range. Data on the distribution of leopard populations indicates that melanism occurs in five subspecies in the wild: Indian leopard, Javan leopard, African leopard, Indochinese leopard (P. p. delacouri) and Sri Lankan leopard (P. p. kotiya). Based on records from camera traps, melanistic leopards occur foremost in tropical and subtropical moist forests.[12] Melanistic leopards are common in Java, and are also reported from densely forested areas in southwestern China, Myanmar, Assam and Nepal, from Travancore, and some parts of southern India where they may be more numerous than spotted leopards. Most leopards recorded at 16 sites south of the Kra Isthmus between 1996 and 2009 were black, indicating a near fixation of melanism in peninsular Malaysia.[13]

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It is characterised by large, black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived, and it is a conservation-reliant vulnerable species.

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Florida panthers are spotted at birth, and typically have blue eyes. As the panther grows, the spots fade and the coat becomes completely tan, while the eyes typically take on a yellow hue. The panther's underbelly is a creamy white, and it has black tips on the tail and ears. Florida panthers lack the ability to roar, and instead make distinct sounds that include whistles, chirps, growls, hisses, and purrs. Florida panthers are average-sized for the species, being smaller than cougars from colder climates, but larger than cougars from the neotropics. Adult female Florida panthers weigh 29–45.5 kg (64–100 lb), whereas the larger males weigh 45.5–72 kg (100–159 lb). Total length is from 1.8 to 2.2 m (5.9 to 7.2 ft)
—Diet—
The Florida panther is a large carnivore whose diet consists both of small animals, such as hares, mice, and waterfowl, and larger prey such as storks, white-tailed deer, feral pigs, and small American alligators. The Florida panther is an opportunistic hunter, and has been known to prey on livestock and domesticated animals, including cattle, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, dogs, and cats

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The domestic dog's origin includes the dog's genetic divergence from the wolf, its domestication, and the emergence of the first dogs.Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance and behavior than any other domestic animal.A dog's senses include vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch and sensitivity.

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Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum. They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length. The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material. A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits. Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.

Parrots, along with ravens, crows, jays, and magpies, are among the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species to imitate human speech enhances their popularity as pets. Trapping wild parrots for the pet trade, as well as hunting, habitat loss, and competition from invasive species, has diminished wild populations, with parrots being subjected to more exploitation than any other group of birds. Measures taken to conserve the habitats of some high-profile charismatic species have also protected many of the less charismatic species living in the same ecosystems.

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The domestic dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris)is a domesticated form of wolf. The dog descended from an ancient, extinct wolf,[5][6] with the modern wolf being the dog's nearest living relative.[7] The dog was the first species to be domesticated[8][7] by hunter–gatherers more than 15,000 years ago,[6] prior to the development of agriculture.Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, enabling an abundant cosmopolitan distribution and to be able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.
The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities and physical attributes.[Dogs are subclassified into breeds, which vary widely in shape, size and color.They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy and aiding disabled people. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend."
My favorite is Golden Retriever and Labrador Retriever.
1.The Labrador Retriever, often abbreviated to Labrador, is a breed of retriever-gun dog from the United Kingdom that was developed from imported Canadian fishing dogs. The Labrador is one of the most popular dog breeds in a number of countries in the world, particularly in the Western world.
2.The Golden Retriever is a medium-large gun dog that was bred to retrieve shot waterfowl, such as ducks and upland game birds, during hunting and shooting parties.The name "retriever" refers to the breed's ability to retrieve shot game undamaged due to their soft mouth. Golden retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards. They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water. Golden retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.They shed copiously, particularly at the change of seasons, and require fairly regular grooming. The Golden Retriever was originally bred in Scotland in the mid-19th century.

Fluture Maria Denisa

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The largest cat in the world: TIGER     

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The largest cat in the world: TIGER     

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Made by Marc Motiu

The tiger is the largest  cat and a member of the genus Panthera. It is most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orange-brown fur with a lighter underside. It is an apex predator, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and wild boar. It is territorial and generally a solitary but social predator, requiring large contiguous areas of habitat, which support its requirements for prey and rearing of its offspring.

Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years, before they become independent and leave their mother's home range to establish their own.

The tiger once ranged widely from the Eastern Anatolia Region in the west to the Amur River basin, and in the south from the foothills of the Himalayas to Bali in the Sunda islands.
10 facts about tigers:

1. Tigers are nocturnal animals The reason behind this is that Tigers prefer avoiding human conflict during daylight and also patrol around their territory at night.

2. Tiger cubs are born blind and only half of the cubs survive
The saddest part is that Tiger cubs are born blind and only a few survive. Literally, the newborn cubs can't see anything, they only follow the scent of their mother. Since they are born blind and can't keep up, most of them die of hunger or cold. Some even get eaten by male Tigers to make the Tigress available for mating.
3. Tigers love to swim and play in the water
Unlike the domestic cats, its larger version enjoy spending time in the water and they love to swim for hours. Since cubs, female Tigers encourage or help learn the art of hunting, they even have the ability to kill in the water. And as adults, it is said that they can swim for several kilometres and even have reported one to swim for 30 km in just a day.
4. Tigers live for about 25 years
The life expectancy of Tigers is between 20-25 years whether they are kept in captivity or in the wild.
5. Tigers can mate with other big cats
Tigers can also mates with other big cats, for example, if a male Tiger mates with female Lion, the hybrid born animal is known as Tigon. They are the largest cat species and can grow bigger than Liger which is a mix breed of male Lion and female Tiger. The height of a Liger is about 4.5 feet while on all four legs and about 6 feet tall when standing.
6. Tigers have antiseptic saliva
They tend to lick the area in order to prevent any infection.
7. Tigers can sprint at over 60 kilometre/hour
8. Tigers urine smells like buttered popcorn
9. Tigers can imitate the call of other animals
10. A tiger’s roar can be heard as far as three kilometres away

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Elephants may spend 12-18 hours a day feeding. Adult elephants can eat between 200-600 pounds of food a day. They are  herbivores.

Elephants  can also drink up to 50 gallons of water a day about as much as a standard bathtub holds.

When they don't eat or drink, elephants may interact with each other, playing and communicating. This is especially common with young elephants.

Elephants only sleep a few hours each day, once in the early morning before dawn, and again during the hottest part of the day, usually resting in the shade.

FIVE CURIOSITIES ABOUT ELEPHANTS:

1.An elephant can hear the sounds of another elephant's thrombal from a distance of 8 kilometers.

2. The largest elephant that was registered now had a mass of 10.886 kilos and a height of almost 4 meters.

3. African elephants have the most developed sense of smell from all the animal Kingdom.

4.Elephants can suffer from sunburn, so they are protected by sand.

5.Nearly 100 elephants are killed every day for their ivory.

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The heart beats more than 3 billion times in the average human lifespan.

Skin is the human body’s largest organ.

Our brain is programmed to erect the inverted image formed on our retina by the convex eye lens. A newborn baby sees the world upside down till its brain starts erecting it.

You are about 1cm taller in the morning when you first get up than when you go to bed. This is because during the day the soft cartilage between your bones gets squashed and compressed.

You carry, on average, about four pounds of bacteria around in your body.

In case of injury under the skin the blood vessels break and spread into the tissues near the injury. The dark colour of the blood shows through the skin as bruise.

There are approximately 96,000 km / 59650 miles of blood vessels in the human body.

The brain doesn’t feel pain; even though the brain processes pain signals, the brain itself does not actually feel pain.

The tooth is the only part of the human body that can’t repair itself.

Your nose can remember 50,000 different scents and women are better smellers than men.

You are about 1cm taller in the morning when you first get up than when you go to bed. This is because during the day the soft cartilage between your bones gets squashed and compressed.

-Pirtea Sofia

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1.The reindeers make a circle running a long time to protect their children, so the predators don't reach them.

2.The panda bears have prints like a human one. Tey also eat twelwe hours at day.

3.One octopus has three hearts. The octopuses soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps.

4.Unlike humans, dogs wear their fingerprints on their nose. The name of the dogs is like call for them.

5.The ants don't sleep. They have colonised almost every landmass on Earth.

6.Some Albatrosses have blue feets. They live just in Gallapagos.

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New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most  populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2019 population of 8,336,817 distributed over about 302.6 square miles (784 km²), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the State of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, significantly influencing commerce,entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports.

Paula Chirila

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My favourite dog

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Awful things about our Solar system-Achim Alex

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Awful things about our Solar system-Achim Alex

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1. THE HOTTEST PLANET IS NOT THE CLOSEST PLANET TO THE SUN.

Mercury sits closest to the sun, but it’s not the hottest planet. Instead, Venus, the second closest planet to the sun, is the hottest planet. That’s because Venus has an incredibly thick atmosphere (100 times thicker than the atmosphere on Earth). When sunlight passes through this dense atmosphere it causes the surface of Venus to heat up.

The average temperature on Venus is a frightening 468 °C. The weather isn’t much more hospitable on Mercury, with the average temperature hovering around a steamy 426 °C.

2. THERE ARE ROCKS ON EARTH THAT CAME FROM MARS… AND WE DIDN’T BRING THEM HERE.

There are rocks found on planet Earth that came directly from Mars. Scientists know this because they contain pockets of gas identical to the chemicals found on Mars. It’s believed these rocks landed here due to an asteroid hitting mars and/or from a volcanic explosion on our neighboring planet.

3. EARTH HAS A VERY UNIQUE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

Planet earth is made up of iron, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, magnesium, sodium, nickel, calcium, and aluminum. While all of these elements are found on other planets they are only found in trace amounts. The majority of elements found on other planets are helium and hydrogen. On the contrary, 90% of Earth is made up of iron, oxygen, silicon and magnesium.

4. NEPTUNE HAS THE FASTEST WIND SPEEDS.

Neptune experiences wind speeds as fast as 1,600mph!

5. YOU GROW AS MUCH AS 5CM IN SPACE.

Without the weight of gravity holding you down, you’re spine is able to expand to its full capacity in outer space. Some people grow as much as 5 cm taller in space compared to on Earth.

6. A NASA SPACE SUIT IS EASILY THE MOST EXPENSIVE OUTFIT, LIKE EVER.

A full NASA space suit costs a cool $12 million. The majority of the cost relates to the backpack and control module.

Another fun fact about fancy space suits: The middle layer of the suit is made to blow up like a balloon and suction to astronauts’ bodies in order to prevent them from boiling up in space.

7. THERE ARE FOOTPRINTS ON THE MOON THAT WON’T DISAPPEAR FOR 100 MILLION YEARS.

Every single footprint left on the moon will remain solidified in time for approximately 100 million years. That’s because there’s no wind or water on the moon to erode and wash away surface prints.

8. THE MASS OF THE SUN TAKES UP THE MAJORITY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

Our sun is MASSIVE! In fact, its mass is around 330,000 times that of Earth and accounts for 99.86% of the total mass in our solar system.

9. NOT EVERY POINT OF LIGHT IN THE NIGHT SKY IS A STAR.

All of those twinkling lights stretched out above appear to be stars, and while most of them are, some are not. Man-made satellites, distant planets, the moon and far-away galaxies give off light that can make them appear as stars from all the way here on Earth.

10. AT TIMES YOU CAN SEE VENUS WITH THE NAKED EYE.

Venus is the brightest planet in the solar system due to the yellow clouds made of sulfuric acid that work to reflect the sun’s light. If you know where to look you can sometimes see Venus with the naked eye.

Achim Alex

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Oprean Simion