# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Swedish guitarist Robi Svard tells the BBC's Anna Holligan why he is passionate about flamenco.

# data[].attributes.body
Biography⬇️

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Pablo Picasso is probably the most important figure of the 20th century, in terms of art, and art movements that occurred over this period. Before the age of 50, the Spanish born artist had become the most well-known name in modern art, with the most distinct style and eye for artistic creation. There had been no other artists, prior to Picasso, who had such an impact on the art world, or had a mass following of fans and critics alike, as he did.

Pablo Picasso was born in Spain in 1881, and was raised there before going on to spend most of his adult life working as an artist in France. Throughout the long course of his career, he created more than 20,000 paintings, drawings, sculptures, ceramics and other items such as costumes and theater sets. He is universally renowned as one of the most influential and celebrated artists of the twentieth century.

Picasso's ability to produce works in an astonishing range of styles made him well respected during his own lifetime. After his death in 1973 his value as an artist and inspiration to other artists has only grown. He is without a doubt destined to permanently etch himself into the fabric of humanity as one of the greatest artists of all time.

As an artist and an innovator, he is responsible for co-founding the entire Cubist movement alongside Georges Braque. Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that changed forever the face of European painting and sculpture while simultaneously affecting contemporary architecture, music and literature. Subjects and objects in Cubism are broken up into pieces and re-arranged in an abstract form. During the period from approximately 1910-1920 when Picasso and Braque were laying the foundation for Cubism in France, its effects were so far-reaching as to inspire offshoots like the styles of Futurism, Dada, and Constructivism in other countries.

Picasso is also credited with inventing constructed sculpture and co-inventing the collage art style. He is also regarded as one of three artists in the twentieth century credited with defining the elements of plastic arts. This revolutionary art form led society toward societal advances in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics by physically manipulating materials that had not previously been carved or shaped. These materials were not just plastic, they were things that could be molded in some way, usually into three dimensions. Artists used clay, plaster, precious metals, and wood to create revolutionary sculptural artwork the world had never seen before.

Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth." - Pablo Picasso

Picasso's Early Life

Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain, to Don Jose Ruiz y Blasco and Maria Picasso y Lopez. His baptized name is much longer than the Pablo Picasso, and in traditional Andalusian custom honored several saints and relatives. His father was a painter and a professor of art, and was impressed by his son's drawing from an early age. His mother stated at one time that his first words were to ask for a pencil. At the age of seven Picasso begin receiving formal training from his father. Because of his traditional academic training, Ruiz believed training consisted of copying of masterworks and drawing the human form from live figure-models and plaster casts.

In 1891 at ten years old, the family moved to A Coruna where School of Fine Arts hired Ruiz to be a professor. They spent four years there where Ruiz felt his son surpassed him as an artist at the age of 13 and reportedly vowed to give up painting. Though paintings by Ruiz still seem to have been generated years later, Picasso's father certainly felt humbled by his son's natural skill and technique.

Picasso and his family were horrified when his seven-year-old sister died of diphtheria in 1895. They relocated to Barcelona and Ruiz began working at its School of Fine Arts. He persuaded officials there to let his son take an entrance exam for an advanced class and Picasso was admitted at the age of just 13. At the age of 16 he was sent to Spain's foremost art school in Madrid, the Royal Academy of San Fernando. Picasso disliked the formal instructions and decided to stop attending his classes soon after he arrived. He filled his days inside Madrid's Prado, which displayed paintings such as Francisco Goya and El Greco.

The body of work Picasso created throughout his lifetime is enormous and spans from his early childhood years until his death, creating a more comprehensive record of his development than perhaps any other artist. When examining the records of his early work there is said to be a shift where the child-like quality of his drawings vanished, therefore being the official beginning of his career. That date is said to be 1894, when Picasso was just 13. At the age of 14, he painted Portrait of Aunt Pepa, a striking depiction that has been referred to as one of the best portraits in Spanish history. And at age 16, Picasso created his award-winning Science and Charity.

His technique for realism, so ingrained by his father and his childhood studies, evolved with his introduction to symbolist influences. It led Picasso to develop his own take on modernism, and then to make his first trip to Paris, France. The poet Max Jacob, a Parisian friend, taught Picasso French. They shared an apartment where they experienced the true meaning of what it meant to be a "starving artist." They were cold and in poverty, burning their own work to keep the apartment warm.

Picasso would predominately spend his working adult life in France. His work has been divided roughly by periods of time in which he would fully develop complex themes and feelings to create a unifying body of work.

Every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction." - Pablo Picasso

The Blue Period (1901-1904)

The somber period within which Picasso both personally experienced poverty and its effect on society right around him is characterized by paintings essentially monochromatic paintings in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors. Picasso's works during this period depict malnutrition, prostitution, and the posthumous portraits of friend Carlos Casagemas after his suicide, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting La Vie. La Vie (1903) portrayed his friend's inner torment in the face of a lover he tried to murder.

The Rose Period (1904-1906)

Fitting to the name, once Picasso seemed to find some small measure of success and overcame some of his depression, he had a more cheery period featuring orange and pink hues and the playful worlds of circus people and harlequins. Picasso met a bohemian artist named Fernande Olivier who became his lover. She subsequently appeared in many of these more optimistic paintings.

American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein became great fans of Picasso. They not only became his chief patrons, Gertrude was also pictured in his Portrait of Gertrude Stein, one of his most famous portraits.

African Influence (1907-1909)

For Picasso, the seminal moment was the Paul Cezanne retrospective held at the Salon d'Automne, one year after the artist's death in 1906. Though he previously had been familiar with Cezanne, it was not until the retrospective that Picasso experienced the full impact of his artistic achievement. In Cezanne's works, Picasso found a model of how to distill the essential from nature in order to achieve a cohesive surface that expressed the artist's singular vision. At about the same time, the aesthetics of traditional African sculpture became a powerful influence among European artists. In France, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, and their School of Paris friends start blending the highly stylized treatment of the human figure in African sculptures with painting styles derived from the post-Impressionist works of Cezanne and Gauguin.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was Picasso's first masterpiece. The painting depicts five naked women with figures composed of flat, splintered planes and faces inspired by Iberian sculpture and African masks. The compressed space the figures inhabit appears to project forward in jagged shards; a fiercely pointed slice of melon in the still life of fruit at the bottom of the composition teeters on an impossibly upturned tabletop. In this painting, Picasso makes a radical departure from traditional European painting by adaptation of Primitivism and abandonment of perspective in favor of a flat, two-dimensional picture plane.

When Les Demoiselles d'Avignon first appeared, it was as if the art world had collapsed. Known form and representation were completely abandoned. Hence it was called the most innovative painting in modern art history. With the new strategies applied in the painting, Picasso suddenly found freedom of expression away from current and classical French influences and was able to carve his own path. Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.

Others have seen what is and asked why. I have seen what could be and asked why not."
- Pablo Picasso

Cubism (1909-1919)

It was a confluence of influences - from Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh, to archaic and tribal art - that encouraged Picasso to lend his figures more weight and structure around 1907. And they ultimately set him on the path towards Cubism, in which he deconstructed the conventions of perspective that had dominated Renaissance art. During this period, the style Georges Braque and Picasso developed used mainly neutral colors and was based in they're "taking apart" objects and "analyzing them" in terms of their shapes. Cubism, especially the second form, known as Synthetic Cubism, played a great role in the development of western art world. Works of this phase emphasize the combination, or synthesis, of forms in the picture. color is extremely important in the objects' shapes because they become larger and more decorative. Non-painted objects such as newspapers or tobacco wrappers, are frequently pasted on the canvas in combination with painted areas - the incorporation of a wide variety of extraneous materials is particularly associated with Picasso's novel technique of collage. This collage technique emphasizes the differences in texture and poses the question of what is reality and what is illusion in painting. With his use of color, shape and geometrical figures, and his unique approach to depict images, Picasso changed the direction of art for generations to come.

Neoclassicism, Surrealism, and Sculpture

With an unsurpassed mastery of technique and skill, Picasso made his first trip to Italy in 1917 and promptly began a period of tribute to neoclassical style. Breaking from the extreme modernism he drew and painted work reminiscent of Raphael and Ingres. This was just a prelude before Picasso seemingly effortlessly began to combine his modernist concepts with his skill into surrealist masterpieces like Guernica, (1937), a frenzied and masterful combination of style that embodies the despair of war. Guernica is considered as the most powerful anti-war statement of modern art. It was done to showcase Picasso's support towards ending the war, and condemnation on fascism in general. From the beginning, Picasso chooses not to represent the horror of Guernica in realist or romantic terms. Key figures - a woman with outstretched arms, a bull, an agonized horse - are refined in sketch after sketch, then transferred to the capacious canvas, which he also reworks several times. The dark color and monochrome theme were used to depict the trying times, and the anguish which was being suffered. Guernica challenges the notions of warfare as heroic and exposes it as a brutal act of self-destruction. The works was not only a practical report or painting but also stays as a highly powerful political picture in modern art, rivaled by a few fresco paintings by Mexican artist Diego Rivera.

Final Years

Picasso's final works were a mixed between the many styles he'd embraced throughout his life. He dared to make sculptures larger and his paintings more expressive and colorful. Towards the end of his career, Picasso enjoyed examining Classical works that had influenced his development over the years, and produced several series of variations of paintings of Old Master, including Rembrandt, Diego Velazquez, and Edouard Manet, the founder of modern traditions. Some of the most notable works he did, include Massacre in Korea after Goya, Las Meninas after Velazquez, and Luncheon on the Grass after Manet. Many of these pieces are still influential in the art world today; and, in fact, due to the vision and distinct creative style, are still among some of the most innovative pieces which have been introduced to the art world, even during recent years. A multitude of paintings Picasso painted during his final years are now widely accepted as the beginning of the Neo-Expressionism movement.

Influence of Pablo Picasso

When Picasso died at age 91 in April 1973, he had become one of the most famous and successful artist throughout history. Leonardo da Vinci of the 20th Century, Picasso's true greatness and significance lie in his dual role as revolutionary and traditionalist at once. Uniquely in the 20th century he was capable of radical innovation on the one hand but on the other of continuing traditional lines. Thus in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon he vanquished the representational picture, while in Guernica he revive the genre of historical painting in a new form. He is also undeniably the most prolific genius in the history of art. His career spanned over a 78 year period, in which he created: 13,500 paintings, 100,000 prints and engravings, and 34,000 illustrations. Picasso was, and still is, seen as a magician by writers and critics, a metaphor that captures both the sense of an artist who is able to transform everything around him at a touch and a man who can also transform himself, elude us, fascinate and mesmerize us.

Just like William Shakespeare on literature, and Sigmund Freud on psychology, Picasso's impact on art is tremendous. No one has achieved the same degree of widespread fame or displayed such incredible versatility as Pablo Picasso has in art history. Picasso's free spirit, his eccentric style, and his complete disregard for what others thought of his work and creative style, made him a catalyst for artists to follow. Now known as the father of modern art, Picasso's originality touched every major artist and art movement that followed in his wake. Even as of today, his life and works continue to invite countless scholarly interpretations and attract thousands of followers around the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Pablo Picasso: 150 Famous Paintings, Bio & Quotes by Picasso

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Pablo Picasso is probably the most important figure of the 20th century, in terms of art, and art movements that occurred over this period. Before the age of 50, the Spanish born artist had become the most well-known name in modern art, with the most distinct style and eye for artistic creation.

# data[].attributes.body
Don Quixote is a book about a noble's adventure by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes.
It is the second-most- translated book after the Bible.

# data[].attributes.body
Biography⬇️

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Miguel de Cervantes, in full Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, (born September 29?, 1547, Alcalá de Henares, Spain-died April 22, 1616, Madrid), Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet, the creator of Don Quixote (1605, 1615) and the most important and celebrated figure in Spanish literature. His novel Don Quixote has been translated, in full or in part, into more than 60 languages. Editions continue regularly to be printed, and critical discussion of the work has proceeded unabated since the 18th century. At the same time, owing to their widespread representation in art, drama, and film, the figures of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are probably familiar visually to more people than any other imaginary characters in world literature. Cervantes was a great experimenter. He tried his hand in all the major literary genres save the epic. He was a notable short-story writer, and a few of those in his collection of Novelas exemplares (1613; Exemplary Stories) attain a level close to that of Don Quixote, on a miniature scale.

What is Miguel de Cervantes best known for?

What was Miguel de Cervantes's early life like?

What did Miguel de Cervantes do for a living?

Cervantes was born some 20 miles (32 km) from Madrid, probably on September 29 (the day of San Miguel). He was certainly baptized on October 9. He was the fourth of seven children in a family whose origins were of the minor gentry but which had come down in the world. His father was a barber-surgeon who set bones, performed bloodlettings, and attended lesser medical needs. The family moved from town to town, and little is known of Cervantes's early education. The supposition, based on a passage in one of the Exemplary Stories, that he studied for a time under the Jesuits, though not unlikely, remains conjectural. Unlike most Spanish writers of his time, including some of humble origin, he apparently did not go to a university. What is certain is that at some stage he became an avid reader of books. The head of a municipal school in Madrid, a man with Erasmist intellectual leanings named Juan López de Hoyos, refers to a Miguel de Cervantes as his "beloved pupil." This was in 1569, when the future author was 21, so-if this was the same Cervantes-he must either have been a pupil-teacher at the school or have studied earlier under López de Hoyos. His first published poem, on the death of Philip II 's young queen, Elizabeth of Valois, appeared at this time.

Soldier and slave

That same year he left Spain for Italy. Whether this was because he was the "student" of the same name wanted by the law for involvement in a wounding incident is another mystery; the evidence is contradictory. In any event, in going to Italy Cervantes was doing what many young Spaniards of the time did to further their careers in one way or another. It seems that for a time he served as chamberlain in the household of Cardinal Giulio Acquaviva in Rome. However, by 1570 he had enlisted as a soldier in a Spanish infantry regiment stationed in Naples, then a possession of the Spanish crown. He was there for about a year before he saw active service.

Relations with the Ottoman Empire under Selim II were reaching a crisis, and the Turks occupied Cyprus in 1570. A confrontation between the Turkish fleet and the naval forces of Venice, the papacy, and Spain was inevitable. In mid-September 1571 Cervantes sailed on board the Marquesa, part of the large fleet under the command of Don Juan de Austria that engaged the enemy on October 7 in the Gulf of Lepanto near Corinth. The fierce battle ended in a crushing defeat for the Turks that was ultimately to break their control of the Mediterranean. There are independent accounts of Cervantes's conduct in the action, and they concur in testifying to his personal courage. Though stricken with a fever, he refused to stay below and joined the thick of the fighting. He received two gunshot wounds in the chest, and a third rendered his left hand useless for the rest of his life. He always looked back on his conduct in the battle with pride. From 1572 to 1575, based mainly in Naples, he continued his soldier's life; he was at Navarino and saw action in Tunis and La Goleta. He must also, when opportunity offered, have been familiarizing himself with Italian literature. Perhaps with a recommendation for promotion to the rank of captain, more likely just leaving the army, he set sail for Spain in September 1575 with letters of commendation to the king from the duque de Sessa and Don Juan himself.

Britannica Premium: Serving the evolving needs of knowledge seekers. Get 30% your subscription today. Subscribe Now

On this voyage his ship was attacked and captured by Barbary pirates, and Cervantes, together with his brother Rodrigo, was sold into slavery in Algiers, the centre of the Christian slave traffic in the Muslim world. The letters he carried magnified his importance in the eyes of his captors. This had the effect of raising his ransom price, and thus prolonging his captivity, while also, it appears, protecting his person from punishment by death, mutilation, or torture when his four daring bids to escape were frustrated. His masters, the renegade Dali Mami and later Hasan Paşa, treated him with considerable leniency in the circumstances, whatever the reason. At least two contemporary records of the life led by Christian captives in Algiers at this time mention Cervantes. He clearly made a name for himself for courage and leadership among the captive community. At long last, in September 1580, three years after Rodrigo had earned his freedom, Miguel's family, with the aid and intervention of the Trinitarian friars, raised the 500 gold escudos demanded for his release. It was only just in time, right before Hasan Paşa sailed for Constantinople (now Istanbul), taking his unsold slaves with him. Not surprisingly, this, the most adventurous period of Cervantes's life, supplied subject matter for several of his literary works, notably the Captive's tale in Don Quixote and the two Algiers plays, El trato de Argel ("The Traffic of Algiers") and Los baños de Argel ("The Bagnios [an obsolete word for "prisons"] of Algiers"), as well as episodes in a number of other writings, although never in straight autobiographical form.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Miguel de Cervantes | Biography, Books, Plays, & Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Miguel de Cervantes, novelist, playwright, and poet, the creator of Don Quixote and the most important and celebrated figure in Spanish literature. His novel Don Quixote has been translated, in full or in part, into more than 60 languages. Learn more about Cervantes in this article.

# data[].attributes.body
Barretina is a traditional hat worn by men and women in Catalonia region.
In modern days, Barretinas are not that common, but people still wear it on religious events as a symbol of Catalan identity.
Barretina - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.body
Ceuta is one of the autonomous cities located on the North coast of Africa.
Different from the mainland Spain, which Christianity is the main religion, Ceuta has 50% of Christians and 48% of Muslims because of its special geographical location.

# data[].attributes.body
After the transition to democracy in Spain on 1979, 17 different autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities were formed.

# data[].attributes.body
Spanish castanets are commoly used in Flamenco dance and Sevillanas dance.
Castanet is an identifying musical instrument of Spanish music.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There are few more Spanish sounds than the "click" of a pair of castanets.

Their rhythm is the bedrock of flamenco.

Few know the complexity and craftsmanship involved with castanets better than Juan Vela.

He started in the business at the age of seven and is the fourth generation of his family to practise the trade.

Now, with more than 50 years of experience, Juan is almost unique in making castanets in the traditional way.

BBC News visited Juan at his studio in Seville to find out more about the art behind this captivating sound.
Producer: Carolina Valladares Camera and editing: Albatros Flandez Stop/Start is a series of video features for the BBC News website which follows both new trends that are beginning and old traditions that are coming to an end.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There are few more Spanish sounds than the "click" of a pair of castanets. Their rhythm is the bedrock of flamenco. Few know the complexity and craftsmanship involved with castanets better than Juan Vela. He started in the business at the age of seven and is the fourth generation of his family to practise the trade.

# data[].attributes.body
Park Guell is a park that included architectures and gardens. It is also declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

# data[].attributes.body
Sagrada Familia is one of the most significant Cathedrals around the world. The construction of the Sagrada Familia lasted over a century, and the construction is still ongoing. It will be finished by 2026.
UNESCO declared the Sagrada Familia is a World Heritage site.

# data[].attributes.body
Antoni Gaudi

# data[].attributes.body
Joan Miró i Ferrà  is a Spanish painter. He developed his own uniqe style: surrealism.

# data[].attributes.body
Pablo Ruiz Picasso is a Spanish artist. His work "Guernica" played an important role in the Spanish history. He also affected contemporary art by pioneering cubism and surrealism.

# data[].attributes.body
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marquess of Dalí de Púbol is a Spanish surrealist artist.

The Persistence of Memory, 1931 by Salvador Dali.

# data[].attributes.body
The Sevillanas dance is a dance form that is very similar to flamenco dance.  The dance is particularly  popular in Andalusia region, and is performed in weddings, get-togethers, and especially in ferias.
In Sevillanas dances, dancers are accompanied with guitars and castanets.

# data[].attributes.body
The Kaleidoscope project is an online community-based project to preserve the endangered cultures in the world. This Padlet is accessible and visible for everyone in the online community. This project attempts to preserve unique cultures of all countries from different time periods that are in threat. The country which I have chosen is the Spanish culture, which was once dominant over the world in The Age of Discovery from the 15th century until the mid 18th century. The widespread use of Spanish language over the world is also an evidence that Spanish culture was dominant over the world. However, soon after the Age of Discovery, Spanish culture declined due to a succession of weak kings and also inefficient taxation. Since then, the influence of the spanish culture has diminished along with the increase of globalization in Spain.

# data[].attributes.body
Traje de luces is the costume that Spanish bullfighters wear on bullrings.
Traje de luces

# data[].attributes.body
Capirote is a pointed hat that is worn during the Holy Week.
The Capirote today is a symbol of Catholic penitent.
Capirote in the early days were worn by people who were arrested by the church.
The Capirote have been co-opted by a American White Supremacist Ku Klux Klan.
Capirote

# data[].attributes.body
Andalusian dress is the costume of Flamenco dancing.  Some people wear Andalusian dresses as day dresses.
Traje de flamenca - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.body
The Wine Fight tales place on the outskirts of Haro, which is a town that has 40% of  the vineyard in the region.Since Spain is famous for its wine, a lot of visitors around the world visit and participated in the Wine Fight every year.
Both locals and tourists aimed to soak as many people with wine as possible.
https://wine-fight.com/

# data[].attributes.headline
The festival of Santa Marta de Ribarteme

# data[].attributes.subject
The festival of Santa Marta de Ribarteme

# data[].attributes.body
The festival of Santa Marta de Ribarteme is a festival which people experience death. People celebrate the festival in coffins, and their family members carry their coffins around.
This event is to show grattitude towards
Saint Martha, a religious figure.

# data[].attributes.body
The Holy week is an annual event that commemorates the Passion of Jesus. Different regions of Spain have different celebrations.
People in some regions wear Capirotes and cloaks during the celebration.
Holy Week in Spain - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.body
La Fallas is a celebration held annually in the city of Valencian. There are mainly five days of celebration.
La Fallas was added into UNESCO's list of Intangible  cultural heritage of humanity on 2016.
Valencia Fallas festivity

# data[].attributes.body
The Tio de Nadal literally means "Pooping log" in Spanish. Like the caganers, Tio de Nadals are only sold in Spain during the Christmas time. The ppt provides some more information about Tio de Nadal.

# data[].attributes.body
Flamenco guitar is a Spnish guitar that is used particularly for Flamenco dancing or Flamenco music.

An interview of a Swedish Flamenco gutarist Robi Svard by the BBC ⬇️

# data[].attributes.body
Flauta Rociera is a traditional Spanish musical intrument like  the flute.
Nowadays, less and less people are learning the flauta rociera.
Flauta rocierca is mostly linked to religious events such as the Holy Week.

# data[].attributes.body
Gaita asturiana is a type of bagpipe used by rural people from Asturias.

The Gaita asturiana is used in various events such as weddings, parades, military events,  funerals, and more.

On 2011, Gaita asturiana was invited to become a permanent member that contributes to the St. Patrick's day Parade in New York.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
gaitas asturianas feria de los pueblos fuengirola2011.mpg

# data[].attributes.body
Surrealism is a form of art which developed between World War 1 and World War 2. It includes both concious and unconcious thoughts. The characteristics of surrealism include: imaginative symbols, illogical juxtaposition, and also distorted objects.

# data[].attributes.body
Gascon is the official language of Catalonia for the Aranese.
According to UNESCO, Gascon language is also endandered.

# data[].attributes.body
Aragonese  is the official language of the Aragon community in Spain.
According to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, the language is definitely endangered and only has under 10000 soeakers.

# data[].attributes.body
Basque is the identifying language of the autonomous community Basque. It is vulnerable and there are only about 660000 speakers of Basque.

# data[].attributes.body
Asturian-Leonese is one of the Spanish dialects spoken in Asturias.
In UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, it's Vitality is definitely endangered. There are only about 150000 people speaking Asturian-Leonese.

# data[].attributes.body
Catalonia includes four provinces: Barcelona,  Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona.
Catalonia has the lowest unemployment rate in Spain: 10.5%.
The flag of Catalonia ⬇️

# data[].attributes.body
Andalusia is one of the autonomous communities in Spain. It is the most populous yet the second largest autonomous community in Spain.

# data[].attributes.body
Usually, the caganers are wearing traditional Catalan caps called "Barrentina".  The ppt provides some more information about Tio de Nadal.In 2004, the Barcelona City hall tried to ban the caganers since defecating in public is illegal. However, the citizens storngly disagree with the policy, so the government cancelled the policy. The caganers are closely linked to religion as they were included in Catalan nativity scene.

# data[].attributes.body
Spanish ceramic tiles were mostly made for Catholic churches. It later developed into a kind of housing material.

# data[].attributes.body
Abanico is a Spanish traditional hand fan used in Flamenco dancing. Also, in the early days, Abanicos are smybols of wealth, and Abanicos became a must have among unpper class women. In the past, there was a set of codes  of fans. People communicate through waving their fans in various ways.

# data[].attributes.body
Bota bag is a container for liquid. It is mostly used as a wineskin.  Bota bags are usually  made of  leather or goatskin. Since Spain is famous for their wine, the bota bags are useful and handy containers.
The video demonstrates  how to  drink from a bota bag.

# data[].attributes.body
Pelota is a sport that is commonly played in the Basque regions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to play Basque pelota - Lonely Planet travel video

# data[].attributes.body
Harri-jasotzaileak is s popular sport in Basque regions. Participants have to lift stones of various shape and sizes off the ground to their shoulders.This sport is closely linked to rural activities.

# data[].attributes.body
Valencian Pilota is a traditional handball sport played in Valencia.
The rules of Valencian Pilota are similar to modern tennis, but instead of having a racket on hand, players use their hands to hit the ball.

# data[].attributes.body
A cigarral is a mansion that is located at the South edge of the Tagus river. The origin of the cigarral is when the clash between the Arab and Christian Kingdoms ended, the leaders started to buy land on the other side of the river.

# data[].attributes.body
Cortijo is a large farm with a farm house building. Cortijos include a tower and a small chapel.

# data[].attributes.body
A form of entertainment in Spain which bullfighters  attempt to kill or harm a bull.
In recent years, the sport became controversial. However, most Spanish people considered it as a form of art since both the bulls and the bullfighters are professionally trained to evoke the excitement of the audience. Bullfighting  are mostly performed on ferias (a fair)  in Andalusia region.  Bullfighting is an indispensable part of ferias since event without bullfighting cannot be considered as a feria.

# data[].attributes.body
Flamenco is a type of art which includes songs and dances. Flamenco dancers dance as the music plays, and the music are mostly played by guitar and castanets. Also,  abanicos (Spanish hand fans) are also used as a prop in Flamenco dances.
Flamenco dances are also performed in religious events.
On November 2010, UNESCO declared that Flamenco dance is one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

# data[].attributes.body
There are 17 Autonomous communities in Spain in total, and each community  has their own distinctive languages.