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Read the following details below are different leadership programs brochures with an aim to rekindle and rethinking ideas about leadership. Then, ask yourself, what really is leadership?

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According to
Bennis (1989): like beauty, leadership is hard to define, but you know it when you see it •
Chemers (1997:1): “…a process of social influence in which one person is able to enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task”
- We define leadership broadly as a social process in which an individual or a group influences behavior toward a shared goal.

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Difference between Leadership and Management

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Difference between Leadership and Management

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- Ensure focus on the progress and development of individual students:          - Identify and reduce barriers to learning
- Assure the quality of learning and teaching
- Get the best from teachers:

Create a learning culture

Build a relationship with the community

Provide vision, inspiration, and strategic coherence

Raise expectations

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• These seek to explain how and why people become leaders (Cherry, 2019 updated)

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• Key leadership traits are inherited.
• Stogdill’s meta-analysis casts dim view on pure trait research: impact of traits varies widely from situation to situation, so a person does not become a leader based on the possession of traits alone.

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3 Traits/Skills Associated with Leadership

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3 Traits/Skills Associated with Leadership

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1. Personality

° Relatively stable dispositions to behave in a particular way--four are of particular note:
• Self-confidence: more likely to set high goals and persist
• Stress-tolerance: make good decisions, stay calm, provide decisive directions under stress
• Emotionally mature leaders: accurate awareness of strengths and weaknesses, are oriented toward self-improvement
• Integrity: consistent with stated values

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3 Traits/Skills Associated with Leadership

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3 Traits/Skills Associated with Leadership

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2. Motivational Traits

° Set of energetic forces from both within and beyond an individual to initiate work-related behavior and determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration.
° Four Motivational Traits:
• Task and interpersonal needs
• Power needs
• Achievement orientation
• High expectations for success

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3 Traits/Skills Associated with Leadership

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3 Traits/Skills Associated with Leadership

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3. Skills

3 important categories of skills for effective leadership (Yukl, 2002 and Northouse, 2004)
• Technical Skills: specialized knowledge about a specific type of work, activity, procedure, or technique
• Interpersonal Skills: understanding of feelings and attitudes of others, knowing how to work with people in individual and cooperative work relationships
• Conceptual Skills: ability to conceptualize, think logically, reason analytically, deductively and inductively.

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• Researchers tried to identify setting characteristics that influenced leader success.
• Possible situational determinants of leadership:

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           Contingency Models of Leadership

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           Contingency Models of Leadership

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-created by Fred Fiedler in 1960s
-according to him, the leader's underlying traits and facing situations should have a proper match so that an organization could achieve a group effectiveness.
-(Management Study Guide)

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1. Instructional Leadership

Instructional leadership is most commonly associated with school principals who manage curriculums, budgeting and scheduling and are responsible for the success of each student in their schools.

These individuals often strive to empower teachers to become leaders themselves, distributing the weight of the school's responsibilities more equitably and providing a model of teamwork for students to look up to.
-Career Guide, 2020

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2. Distributed Leadership
According to Dr. Alma Harris, distributed leadership equates with shared, collective and extended leadership practice that builds the capacity for change and improvement.

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3. Transformational Leadership

In 1973, James V. Downton started the concept of transformational leadership. In 1978, James Burn expanded the idea. And in 1985, Bernard M. Bass further expanded the concept.
-CIO Today's Top Stories

In transformational leadership, the employees were encouraged by the leaders to create and make change for the future success of the company. -White, 2018

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4. Servant Leadership

-Servant Leadership was first coined by Robert K. Greenleaf in his 1970 essay entitled "The Servant as a Leader".
-Mind Tools Content Team

-inverts the power pyramid to show the relative placement of leaders: the leader supports the organization and the responsibility for action is dispersed across the organization

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5. Evolutionary Leadership Theory (ELT)

-Evolutionary leadership offers a multi-dimensional perspective drawn from the latest business school research, as well as positive psychology, integral theory, and spirituality.
-Leaders in this leadership are self-aware and constantly strive to keep their egos in check.
(Freifeld, 2013)

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Said theories emphasize the traits and behaviors that individuals can adopt to boost their own leadership abilities.

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Know your leadership style and be flexible_ There is no best style (1)

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Know your leadership style and be flexible_ There is no best style

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Said taxonomy of leadership provides philosophies, systems, organization, and identification that aids in distinguishing one type of leader from another.

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Know your leadership style and be flexible_ There is no best style (2)

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Know your leadership style and be flexible_ There is no best style (3)

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Know your leadership style and be flexible_ There is no best style (4)