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From 8/7/25

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iPad Accessibility: Reaching All Learners

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iPad Accessibility: Reaching All Learners

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All in one resource for all things accessibility for iPad.

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Chromebook Accessibility settings for teachers (4 essential tools)

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Go Guardian is an app that helps teachers and schools administer their devices and block unwanted content.

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Fixes for common issues in Schoology/Chrome.

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Amplify is committed to building products that address the needs of all learners. Over the past year, we have made significant strides in a long-term effort to update and improve accessibility-related features in Amplify CKLA, including keyboard navigation, screen readability, video captions, alt text, and more. Amplify CKLA is compliant with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 level AA.

Large font/enlarged text

All CKLA 2nd Edition student materials are available in accessible formats via NIMAC or Bookshare. Bookshare is the most easily accessible and the login for teachers is free.

Read-Aloud function for Student Activity Books and assessments

Amplify CKLA offers the following recommendations which have been successfully user-tested for our products: JAWS®, VoiceOver, and NVDA. These apps are licensed and supported through the respective third-party vendors, and use of these apps is not supported by Amplify.

Amplify CKLA has captions for all of its videos. The eReaders also highlight the text while reading aloud. The Student Hub, if connected on a device with Bluetooth capability, will transmit to hearing aids.

Keyboard navigation

Keyboard navigation enables students to engage with a program without needing to use a mouse. This benefits people with vision impairment and those who have difficulty using a mouse. Within the Amplify CKLA digital experience, educators and students are able to go from start to finish using only their keyboard.

Screen reader

The screen reader provides a spoken version of what is displayed on the screen. Screen readers navigate through content and highlight it. This is beneficial for people who are sight impaired or with cognitive and learning disabilities, as well as those who may be English language learners. All components of the Amplify CKLA digital experience are screen readable and have been specifically tested in JAWS, VoiceOver, and NVDA.

Video captions

Video captions are a text version of the audio in videos. They are synchronized with the audio and display once they are turned on. Captions provide content to people who are hearing impaired or with an audio-processing disability. In the Amplify CKLA digital experience, closed captions can be turned on at any time during the video, and the video will resume with captions from that point.

The music videos in the Sound Library display sing-along text captions automatically. Any other video captions are auto-generated through third-party video-playing sites or apps. Amplify is not able to edit or modify video captions generated by third-party sites or apps.

Image alt text

All images that are presented have a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose. Alt text may help some people who have difficulty understanding the meaning of photographs, drawings, and other images. Alt text can also partner with a screen reader to describe the image. In the Amplify CKLA digital experience, all images have alt text that students can use to decipher meaning.

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At Amplify, our mission is to serve all students by providing high-quality instructional materials.

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There are lots of assistive technology (AT) tools that can help people who have trouble reading, like people with dyslexia. Learn what tools are available.

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Peace, Love, Tech: Instructional Technology 

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How To Use Voice Typing (Dictation) on a Chromebook

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Assistive Technology: Low-Tech Has Its Place - Smart Kids

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When we hear the term Assistive Technology (AT), we imagine kids with LD (and other disabilities) mastering previously challenging assignments with the help of the latest and greatest high-tech gadgetry. In fact, we may be doing our children a disservice by thinking of AT in such narrow terms. As defined by the Assistive Technology Act

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Ebooks, audiobooks, read-alongs, magazines, comics

Through the LAUSD Learning Library in Sora, you and your students have access to thousands of ebooks, audiobooks, read-alongs, magazines and comics, great for both curriculum and independent reading. The collection is frequently refreshed, so be sure to check Sora often for new books and collections!

In addition to ebooks and audiobooks available from the LAUSD school collection, Sora allows students to borrow thousands of age-appropriate digital books across all subject areas (in 20+ languages!) through the Los Angeles Public Library.

Here's how to borrow titles from the library through Sora:

1. Go to Schoology and log in to Sora with your LAUSD email address and password.

2. Click or tap the menu (☰) then select +Add library.

3. Search for Los Angeles Public Library, then select This is my library. The library will open in the Explore tab.

4. When you find a book you'd like to read, select Borrow. Then, select Los Angeles Unified School District and log in with your LAUSD credentials. You'll only need to do this the first time!

Need help getting yourself or your students set up with Sora?

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for students for educators LAUSD Educators Use digital books with your students Sora, the student reading app, is our school’s…

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Benchmark Universe - Annotating Workbook Pages

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CAST - About Universal Design for Learning

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CAST - About Universal Design for Learning

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Learn about CAST’s Universal Design for Learning framework, fostering inclusive educational experiences and improving learning outcomes for all learners.

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"How Speech-to-Text Transformed a Student's 5th Grade Year"

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"How Speech-to-Text Transformed a Student's 5th Grade Year"

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Last fall, the fifth graders in my class were the lucky recipients of iPads-one for each student. Thrilled and curious, we experimented (as a class and individually) with the different possibilities embedded in the apps and features. There were new ways to practice math facts, explore other countries, consume content, connect with other classrooms, create films and slide shows, animate information and document learning. But all those bells and whistles paled in comparison to the breakthrough that the device offered one of my dyslexic students. While his iPad discoveries were personally beneficial to his fifth grade year, these revelations have profoundly influenced my teaching strategies for any student with a similar learning profile.
Speech-to-Text Explorations in Room 22

Any iPad, version 3 or higher has Speech to-Text capabilities. Certain other mobile devices, including Android devices, also have this feature. Internet access is necessary for Speech-to-Text to work on the iPad and Siri must be enabled. Speech-to-Text on the iPad works on any app with a keyboard-just tap the mic icon.
It all started with one clever and perseverant ten-year-old boy (Pierce) and one harried, but well-meaning teacher (me). When I first suggested that Pierce try using the speech-to-text feature on his iPad, I had minimal expectations. Unable to effectively assist him with a writing assignment, the speech-to-text (Siri) feature on his iPad was a last-ditch effort to respond to his frustration. I was hoping that giving it a try would keep him busy while simultaneously easing the guilt I felt for not being able to help him transcribe his ideas during a Writer's Workshop session. Pierce struggled with the same cruel disparity that haunts many dyslexic students: weak written expression concomitant with exceptional ideas, knowledge and intellectual abilities. I was always looking to find strategies to help him get his great ideas into the content of his writing. Although I had serious doubts about the iPads's speech-to-text feature for classroom work, I thought it was worth a try.

Past explorations with speech-to-text technology had taught me that it was pretty finicky and limited in its ability to decode young male voices. Consequently, I was not surprised when Pierce returned at the end of the period with an unenthusiastic review of the feature. However, I did not anticipate the persistence he would bring to the mission. Pierce calmly informed me, "I will try bringing the iPad outside during Writer's Workshop tomorrow and see if that helps." Okay. I could hardly argue with his tenacity. At the end of the next day's writing period, Pierce showed me some hilarious mistakes that the computer made in translating his voice. We laughed together and I naturally thought the iPad experiment was over.

Nope.

Pierce simply said, "You should have seen how much wackier it was yesterday." And that is the way it went. Each day, the reports about his progress with the iPad improved as did Pierce's mood. After several days, I almost fell out of my chair when Pierce commented that he was making real progress and he thought he should use the iPad speech to text for all his writing. Say what? I asked him to show me what he had been writing.It was quite impressive. Shocking, actually. I was particularly amazed by the amount of words on the page. Wow. Old Pierce used to reluctantly offer one or two messy, incomplete sentences to express what he knew, even though I knew (and he knew) he knew much more. New Pierce had written so much that it actually prompted a different, happier concern: How would he manage to copy edit all of these sentences?

Pierce's next challenge is figuring out how to speak in complete sentences and how to include punctuation commands. However, he is confronting the challenge with his notable resourcefulness and determination. Probably the most amazing thing about Pierce's process is how eager he is to share it with others and help them learn from his journey. I asked him what he thinks would be important for someone starting out with speech to text.
Here are Pierce's speech-to-text tips/observations:

If at first it doesn't work, don't give up

Try recording the speech away from room noise and other people

The more you use the device the better able it is to recognize your voice

Plan what you want to say before you start to talk

Most importantly, writing is actually not so bad with speech-to-text AND long projects are doable when you can speak them into the iPad

Pierce now considers speech-to-text his default option. He reports that speech-to-text on his iPad has changed school for him. I can confirm this: no more sparse written responses, no more complaining about writing time, and no more simmering frustration during written assessments. I can also add that it changed the writing process for several of his fellow classmates. Three of his classmates with dyslexia were clearly inspired, and maybe a little jealous, of Pierce's new positive attitude and impressive level of written output. They have jumped onboard the speech-to-text bandwagon as well.

I am thrilled to report that Pierce's written expression is much more aligned with his oral expression. This is big accomplishment for any student, but it is particularly transformative for a boy who is a passionate and talented student held up and frustrated by the mechanic expectations inherent in the school experience. There is no doubt that speech-to-text demands a little initial effort, but I will never dismiss its profound potential again.

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How speech-to-text transformed a student's 5th grade year - Yale Dyslexia

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Last fall, the fifth graders in my class were the lucky recipients of iPads-one for each student.

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This is an introductory presentation to give you more information on how to use SORA.

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Listen to any email, webpage, google doc, PDF and kindle book! AI powered smart voice reader, with natural voices.

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If you would like assistance in using the eBook Reader, then the Accessibility Mode is a great help. Accessibility Mode gives new options to students who require accessibility options to make it easier to read an eBook.

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Chromebook Accessibility Tools for ALL Learners - SULS0204

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In this episode, join Kasey in a lively discussion with Pam Hubler, a valued Shake Up Learning team member, as they dive into the remarkable accessibility features of Chromebooks that you absolutely must explore. Discover the art of tailoring Chromebook accessibility tools to your needs, harness the power of text-to-speech functionality, master display settings, make the most of keyboard shortcuts, fine-tune cursor settings, explore the world of captions, dictation, and so much more!

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UDLA has been designed as a multi-tiered system of supports for individuals, schools, and districts seeking to implement Universal Design for Learning.

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Create interactive slides for Google Slides for increased student engagement.

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How to Make INTERACTIVE Google Slides (All the Basics & Then Some!)

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A free way to increase participation and engagement for your students with video.

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We express ourselves in different ways. On Flip, you can use our simple and fun built-in camera to record your thoughts, add effects and share within your Flip group as video, audio only or text in your web browser or mobile app.

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Flip is a video discussion and sharing app, free from Microsoft.

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Flip (formerly Flipgrid) is a video discussion and video sharing app, free from Microsoft, built for classrooms and beyond. Learn more.

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Fantastic tools (lots of great videos) on Digital Citizenship and staying safe on the Internet.

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Resources for Engaging Parents and Families | Common Sense Education

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Valuable tips, advice, and recommendations for families on issues related to kids’ digital lives.

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Interactive lessons on Digital Citizenship and Internet Safety for students and resources for parents.

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National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

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Since 1998, NCMEC has operated the CyberTipline, a place where the public and electronic service providers can report suspected online and offline child sexual exploitation. The millions of reports made each year uniquely situate NCMEC to identify trends and create prevention resources to address the evolving needs of kids and teens online.

NetSmartz is NCMEC's online safety education program. It provides age-appropriate videos and activities to help teach children be safer online with the goal of helping children to become more aware of potential online risks and empowering them to help prevent victimization by making safer choices on- and offline.

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Since 1998, NCMEC has operated the CyberTipline, a place where the public and electronic service providers can report suspected online and offline child sexual exploitation. The millions of reports made each year uniquely situate NCMEC to identify trends and create prevention resources to address the evolving needs of kids and teens online.

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Digital Citizenship Videos for Students: Lessons in Action

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Digital Citizenship Videos for Students: Lessons in Action

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Lessons for students on staying safe on the Internet and on keeping a clean digital footprint.

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Teaching Digital Citizenship: Digital Media and Your Brain | Common Sense Education

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How does digital media try to hook you, and what can you do about it? Watch a digital citizenship lesson in action! See how Shane Wells, eighth grade social studies and AVID teacher at Mira Loma Middle School in California's Jurupa Unified School District, teaches the "Digital Media and Your Brain" lesson from Common Sense Education.

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An excellent tool to take notes, create files for each class and organize your materials for school. Free with an LAUSD email. For more information visit: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/products/onenote

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Word prediction software available through the IT AT Program. For an introduction visit: https://learningtools.donjohnston.com/product/cowriter/

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Learn to use built in speech to text on your Mac computer.

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Speech to Text Chrome Browser Quick Guide

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Speech to Text Chrome Browser Quick Guide

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Learn to use the speech to text feature on Google Docs on the Chrome browser.

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Learn to use the built in speech to text on your iPad or iPhone device.

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A large library of digital books ready by real human voices. Available for students with qualifying print disability. Requires account setup by AT Assessor. For more information visit: https://learningally.org/

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Bookshare provides access to electronic literature books and textbooks.They have an extensive library and is the primary access for textbooks. Requires a text reader app or accessible online on the website. Requires account set up by AT Assessor or school contact. Available for students with qualifying print disability.

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There are many ways to read Bookshare books. Start with the Reading Tools Wizard to discover our recommended device specific reading tools.

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Take a photo of anything with text-signs, business cards, worksheets- and have it read to you. Import the picture into Immersive Reader and have it read aloud, with tracking, annotation and many other features. Free app for iOS. To see an introduction visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=55&v=JT7aSnZuK6o&feature=emb_logo

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Import documents or take pictures to have them read aloud. Use in conjunction with Microsoft OneNote or Word. Free with LAUSD student email. To see an introduction visit: https://www.onenote.com/learningtools

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Your subscription means everyone can enjoy the benefits of Equatio across all platforms including Windows, Mac, Google Chrome, Mobile, and mathspace.

Our Learning and Training resources for each product can be accessed at any time on our website. Get up to speed with our software through our learning resources, then verify your expertise by taking part in our certification program.

Our support site gives you access to lots of common questions that other users of our software have about the technical stuff. If you can't find what you're looking for there, then our Tech Support team is on hand at support@texthelp.com 9-5pm every day to help with troubleshooting or technical problems.

We're always working on making our products better, so any improvements or enhancements are pushed out automatically to you, there's no upgrading to do on your part.

Plus, you now get free access to the Texthelp Academy for how-to information, video tutorials, product webinars and lots more.

All of this is included as part of your subscription. We do not charge any extra for these services.

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Equatio - Equation Writer to Create Accessible Digital Math, Chemistry or Physics

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Create complex maths, chemistry and physics expressions and formulas using keyboard, touchscreen or voice recognition. Try it for free.

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The UDL Guidelines are a tool used in the implementation of Universal Design for Learning, a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn. Learn more about the Universal Design for Learning framework from CAST. The UDL Guidelines can be used by educators, curriculum developers, researchers, parents, and anyone else who wants to implement the UDL framework in a learning environment. These guidelines offer a set of concrete suggestions that can be applied to any discipline or domain to ensure that all learners can access and participate in meaningful, challenging learning opportunities.

Coming soon! UDL Guidelines 3.0

The UDL Guidelines are a living, dynamic tool that is continuously developed based on new research and feedback from practitioners. In 2020, CAST launched our most recent effort to update the UDL Guidelines, with a specific focus on equity. There has been a strong call from the field-both practitioners and researchers alike-to more fully develop the Guidelines to address critical barriers rooted in biases and systems of oppression. The current update aims to respond to this call and to work toward fulfilling the promise of the Guidelines as a tool to guide the design of learning environments that more fully honor and value every learner.

Since our launch in 2020, we have been committed to a community-driven, inclusive, and transparent updating process. As part of this effort, we are:

Collaborating with an Advisory Board, a UDL Guidelines Collaborative, and a Young Adult Advisory Board to guide our work

Conducting focus groups with a diversity of participants to learn from their perspectives, lived experiences, and feedback

Reviewing the research on the UDL Guidelines research pages to understand the balance of different research fields, methodological approaches, epistemological approaches, and author positionalities

Conducting literature reviews of equity-oriented research that connect to and extend the Guidelines, such as disability studies and critical pedagogy studies

We are excited to share this next iteration of the UDL Guidelines in 2024. If you are interested in receiving our UDL Guidelines 3.0 newsletter to stay updated on our progress and to share your ideas and perspectives, please complete this brief form.

Review the Summary

Explore the Full Draft

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The UDL Guidelines are a tool used in the implementation of Universal Design for Learning, a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn. Learn more about the Universal Design for Learning framework from CAST.

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Educator Center Overview - Microsoft Learn Educator Center

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Microsoft Learn for Educators takes the best of Microsoft Learn online learning paths and helps you to bring instructor-led training materials from Microsoft into your courses. This program provides members with access to Microsoft ready-to-teach curriculum and teaching materials aligned to industry-recognized Microsoft Certifications.

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Learn how to use Google tools to keep students engaged while teaching remotely. Discover new ways to assess student learning, check in on student well-being, and communicate effectively with parents and guardians.

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Training Courses | Teacher Center | Google for Education

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Learn how to use Google tools to keep students engaged while teaching remotely. Discover new ways to assess student learning, check in on student well-being, and communicate effectively with parents and guardians.

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7 Regional Assistive Technology Lending Libraries

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7 Regional Assistive Technology Lending Libraries

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) and California special education law require that students with disabilities participate in general education curriculum, assessment, and accountability measures. The IDEA and California law also require that Individualized Education Program (IEP) teams consider whether students need assistive technology services and devices when developing IEPs.

Assistive Technology relates to the tools required to maintain, improve, or increase functional capabilities to bridge the gap between student's performance and the demands of the curriculum. Assistive Technology devices and services are defined in the IDEA as:

The term assistive technology device refers to any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified or customized that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a child with a disability.

The term assistive technology service refers to any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device. This includes: evaluation; providing for the acquisition of AT equipment; selecting, designing, maintaining, repairing, or replacing the equipment; coordinating and using other therapies, interventions or services with assistive technology devices; and training or technical assistance for the child, family and other professionals who work with the child.

Although consideration of assistive technology does not mandate assessment, assistive technology devices and services are most often deemed necessary and provided in LAUSD after an assessment has been conducted by the staff at the student's local school site, staff from the District's assistive technology team, or both groups in collaboration. The multi-disciplinary team of professionals who work in the field of assistive technology within the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) is comprised of highly qualified general and special education teachers with specialized training and experience in the field of assistive technology (AT assessors), occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech and language pathologists, audiologists, deaf and hard of hearing teachers, and teachers of the visually impaired who work at the school site.

If assistive technology equipment is recommended, the local school site has primary responsibility to provide such equipment, with support from the assistive technology team as necessary, including short term equipment loans through the Assistive Technology Lending Library.

Assistive Technology Program
333 S. Beaudry Avenue, 17th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90017
Phone: (213) 241-6200
Fax: (213) 241-8435

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Special Education Instruction / Assistive Technology

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) and California special education law require that students with disabilities participate in general education curriculum, assessment, and accountability measures. The IDEA and California law also require that Individualized Education Program (IEP) teams consider whether students need assistive technology services and devices when developing IEPs.

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Math formatting app for iPad

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For students who have difficulty formatting math problems with pencil & paper. Free iOS app.

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SETC Special Education Technology Center

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‎A comprehensively featured calculator that has become a favorite among adults and primary schools around the world. Designed for a wide range of users, this calculator has large colorful buttons, optional high contrast, full VoiceOver support, and unique to this calculator; the option to use speech…

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Virtual Manipulative

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‎Number Frames help students structure numbers to five, ten, twenty, and one hundred. Students use the frames to count, represent, compare, and compute with numbers in a particular range. The frames allow students see quantities as equal groups of other quantities and in relation to benchmark quant…

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virtual manipulative

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This app is amazing for teaching place value and addition and subtraction with regrouping. My special education students are really starting to understand how to regroup because of this app. When they get stumped on a problem, I can ask them how they would do it on the base ten blocks app and they can apply the same skills on their papers. The visual of combining and breaking apart for regrouping has been especially helpful for my students. I can ask them what happens when you regroup on the app and they remember that it breaks into ten pieces or combines into one group. They are prone to making little mistakes when setting up a problem and I love that the app will show the problem at the bottom so they can check their work. The company has been great to work with, responding to comments and suggestions.

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‎Virtual base 10 blocks to model place value, addition, subtraction, regrouping, and more. FEATURES 1. Ones (units), tens (rods), hundreds (flats), and cubes (thousands) 2. Decimals support 3. Combine and break apart (with animation) 4. Place value mat 5. Factor track 6. Addition mat 7. Subt...

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See the accessibility features of Desmos

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Why Accessibility is Important

Our mission at Desmos is to help every student learn math and love learning math. Our graphing calculator is used by millions of students all around the world, and we'd like to see that use expand to all students, including those with physical and cognitive disabilities. We have recently introduced improvements to the calculator to ensure students who are blind or visually impaired have the same opportunities as their peers to discover the joy of learning math.

We have reconfigured our software so that it's compliant with the WCAG 2.1 accessibility standards. Improvements to the calculator include a) respecting font-size settings of low vision users, b) ensuring that our colors have sufficient contrast, and c) making graphs accessible to fully blind students. First, we redesigned the calculator's expression list by upgrading MathQuill, the component that powers our equation editor. Previously inaccessible, MathQuill now communicates with screen readers, allowing them to speak equations in a verbally intuitive manner. For example, the text "cos(x)" is spoken as "cosine open-parenthesis x close-parenthesis," and "stddevx" is read aloud as "standard deviation of x." The screen reader voices additional cues to indicate a student's location within an expression. (Numerator or denominator, superscript or subscript, baseline, etc.) We have also added audio synthesis to the graphing component, allowing users to hear audible representations of graphs, explore their points of interest, and more. (The sine wave makes a particularly delightful sound.)

While the calculator's screen reader accessibility has improved significantly, we welcome additional feedback from teachers and students. Please email us at accessibility@desmos.com with any questions, comments, or suggestions for improvement.

More information regarding the current state of our calculator's accessibility is available on our WCAG 2.1 Compliance Spreadsheet.

Supported Browsers

For an optimal experience, we recommend Firefox or Chrome with at least JAWS 17 or NVDA 2016.2, or Chrome 73 and Microsoft Edge with Narrator in Windows 10 19H1 (released in May, 2019). We also provide support for Internet Explorer, but be aware that audio tracing is not available in this browser.

For Firefox users running JAWS 2018.0708+ or NVDA 2018.2+, we recommend using Firefox 61 or above. We otherwise suggest users of older versions of JAWS and NVDA run Firefox's extended support release (ESR), which can be downloaded here. This blog post from Freedom Scientific explains more.

On the Mac, we recommend using VoiceOver with Safari or Chrome on macOS 10.11 and higher.

We recommend iPhone and iPad users access Desmos either via the stand-alone mobile app or Safari. Those who rely on VoiceOver are also encouraged to run at least iOS 11 and use an external Bluetooth keyboard.

Desmos is compatible with Android devices running Lollipop and newer. We recommend either the stand-alone Desmos app or Chrome 60 or newer for the best experience. TalkBack users are encouraged to use an external Bluetooth keyboard.

Before you use the calculator, please read the Windows, Mac, iPhone and iPad, Android, or Chromebook instructions below to ensure your screen reader is properly configured.

Windows Instructions

Here are important tips for using the Desmos Graphing Calculator with JAWS, NVDA, and Microsoft Narrator.

JAWS for Windows

Note that if you wish to re-enter virtual PC cursor mode while you are interacting with the calculator's expression list, press the virtual PC cursor command twice.

The calculator often times attempts to speak evaluations or whether the current equation has a graph while you type. It is possible that this speech could become chopped off if JAWS tutor messages are active. If you experience chopped off speech, we suggest going to JAWS / Options / Basics and setting tutor messages to either "Turn Off Menu and Control Help" or "Announce Custom Messages Only."

Depending on the active voice profile, JAWS may speak extraneous symbols as you work with the calculator. As Desmos voices pertinent symbols on its own, we recommend setting the punctuation level to "some." These settings may be changed in Options / Voices / Voice Adjustment.

If you use a Braille display, we recommend making the following additional changes:

1. Press INSERT + 6 or CAPS LOCK + 6 to open Settings Center.

2. Navigate to Braille / General / Translation.

3. Press the Down Arrow until Output is selected,.

4. Press SPACE until "Computer Braille" is selected. If "Computer Braille" is not available, you will also need to select a language with a Computer Braille table, such as "English United States."

5. Optionally, to minimize the amount of extra information (such as status cells), navigate to Braille / General / Braille Mode, and press SPACE until "Line" is selected.

6. Press ALT + F4 to close Settings Center.

Depending on the Braille display in use, there may be a hotkey available to change the output translation table. Consult the "JAWS and Refreshable Braille" book in the JAWS help system for more information.

All JAWS keyboard shortcuts are available on the Freedom Scientific website.

NVDA

Because we provide verbal output when entering information into the calculator, we advise disabling keyboard echo completely. In NVDA, press INSERT + 2 or CAPS LOCK + 2 until character echo is off, and likewise INSERT + 3 or CAPS LOCK + 3 for words. You can also find the options for speaking typed characters and words in the Keyboard tab of the NVDA Settings dialog.

Depending on the active voice, NVDA may speak extraneous characters as you work with the calculator. As Desmos voices pertinent symbols on its own, we recommend setting the punctuation level to "some." These settings may be changed in Preferences / Punctuation/Symbol Pronunciation from the NVDA main menu.

If you use a Braille display, we recommend making the following additional changes:

1. Press INSERT + N or CAPS LOCK + N to open the NVDA menu.

2. Navigate to Preferences / Settings.

3. Select the "Braille" group.

4. Ensure that the input and output tables are set to "English, U.S. 6-Dot Computer Braille" or "English, U.S. 8-Dot Computer Braille."

5. Press Enter to close the Settings dialog.

Depending on the Braille display in use, there may be a hotkey available to change the input and output translation tables. Consult the "Supported Braille Displays" section of the NVDA Commands Quick Reference document for details.

All NVDA keyboard shortcuts are available on the NV-Access website.

Narrator

Microsoft Narrator is a screen reader included with computers running the Windows operating system. The following information assumes you are using Narrator along with Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome in, at a minimum, Windows 10 19H1 (build 1903).

Because we provide verbal output when entering information into the calculator, we advise disabling character reading completely. In Narrator, press INSERT + 2 or CAPS LOCK + 2 until character reading is off. You can also find the options for typing feedback in the "Change What You Hear When Typing" group of the Narrator Settings window (accessible by pressing CTRL + WINDOWS + N.

If you use a Braille display, we recommend making the following additional changes:

1. Press CTRL + WINDOWS + N to open the Narrator settings window.

2. Navigate to the Braille options.

3. Ensure the input and output languages are set to English and that the input and output tables are configured for "Computer Braille (8-dot)."

4. Press ALT + F4 to close the Settings window.

Depending on the Braille display in use, there may be a hotkey available to change the input and output translation tables. Consult the "Using Narrator with Braille" section of the Narrator user's guide for details.

All Microsoft Narrator commands are available on the Complete Guide to Narrator page on the Microsoft website.

Apple Mac Instructions

Out of the box, VoiceOver speaks a great deal of information, including hints on how to access common user interface elements (such as text boxes, buttons, and menus). These hints can be distracting when using the calculator, and consequently we recommend disabling them. To do so, open the VoiceOver Utility, navigate to the Verbosity group, and uncheck the option in the Hints tab. Press CTRL + OPTION + F8 to open VoiceOver Utility while VoiceOver is on.

While the VoiceOver utility is open, you may also wish to change the speaking of numbers from digits to words, set your typing echo to say nothing, and set the active punctuation level to "some." These options are found in the Verbosity group under the Text tab. As the calculator provides keyboard echo already, having VoiceOver announce keystrokes along with the calculator will cause each symbol to be spoken twice. Speaking numbers as words will cause the number 100 to be voiced as "one hundred" instead of "one zero zero." Finally, as Desmos sends pertinent symbols to VoiceOver, reducing the amount of punctuation will ensure it does not speak extraneous characters as you work.

We recommend disabling Quick Nav to make it easier to interact with the calculator. This can be accomplished in the Commanders group of the VoiceOver utility in the Quick Nav tab. Alternatively, press Left Arrow and Right Arrow simultaneously to toggle Quick Nav on the fly.

When testing on Safari with VoiceOver enabled, use TAB and SHIFT + TAB to move among the main controls of the page. You will discover that if you Tab through a page with VoiceOver turned off that Tab behaves very differently, and will take you only to form elements. To cause Tab to function in a more standard manner, open Safari's preferences, navigate to the Advanced tab, and check the box labeled, "Press Tab to highlight each item on a web page." Chrome on macOS appears to behave normally in regards to Tab and thus doesn't have such an option.

If you use a Braille display, we recommend making the following additional changes:

1. Ensure that your Mac is running High Sierra (10.13) or newer.

2. Press CTRL + OPTION + F8 Open VoiceOver Utility.

3. Select the Braille category, and navigate to the Layout tab.

4. Verify that "Show Contracted Braille" and "Use Automatic Braille Translation" are unchecked, and "Show 8-Dot Braille" is checked.

5. Press COMMAND + W to close VoiceOver Utility.

Depending on the Braille display in use, there may be a hotkey available to toggle the above options from the display. See "Chapter 10. Using Braille Displays" in Apple's VoiceOver documentation for more information.

For more information on VoiceOver and how to navigate with it, see Apple's documentation.

Apple iPhone and iPad Instructions

VoiceOver is Apple's built-in screen reader on the iPhone and iPad. It can be activated or deactivated in three ways:

1. Tapping the VoiceOver toggle switch located in Settings → General → Accessibility → VoiceOver.

2. Instructing Siri to turn VoiceOver on or off.

3. Triple-clicking the home button (if available) or the power button (if not).

VoiceOver's default speech settings should be adequate for most users. However, we recommend turning "Speak Hints" off and setting "Punctuation Level" to some. Both selections can be found under Settings → General → Accessibility → VoiceOver → Verbosity. We also strongly suggest using an external Bluetooth keyboard if possible.

If a VoiceOver user is accessing Desmos with a Bluetooth keyboard, we recommend disabling Quick Nav. This can be accomplished by pressing Left Arrow and Right Arrow simultaneously.

If you use a Braille display, we recommend making the following additional changes:

1. Open Settings → General → Accessibility → VoiceOver → Braille.

2. Ensure that both input and output modes are set to "8-dot" to avoid possible translation errors. Alternatively, press SPACE and DOTS 1-2-4-5 to cycle through the output modes, and SPACE and DOTS 2-3-6 to cycle through input modes from anywhere in iOS.

3. If display length is small, users may wish to disable "General" and "Text" status cells.

More information about VoiceOver is available on Apple's website, along with a list of common Braille display commands.

Android Instructions

TalkBack is the screen reader which ships with most Android devices. It can be turned on or off in two ways:

1. Pressing and holding both volume keys for three seconds.

2. Manually activating Talkback in Settings → Accessibility → TalkBack.

TalkBack's default settings should be adequate for the majority of users. Depending on the text-to-speech engine in use, you may wish to adjust its punctuation levels found in Settings → Accessibility → Text to Speech Output. We also strongly suggest using an external Bluetooth keyboard if possible.

At the time of writing, Android's Braille capabilities are not reliable enough for everyday usage. We monitor Android's development and will update this section when the situation improves.

More information regarding TalkBack is available on Google's Android Accessibility website.

Chromebook Instructions

ChromeVox is a screen reader available as an extension for Chrome, and it is built into Chrome OS. To turn ChromeVox on and off, press CTRL + ALT + Z.

Because the calculator provides its own verbal output, we advise disabling spoken feedback (earcons) completely. To do this from anywhere, press Search + A, then E.

If you use a Braille display, we recommend making the following additional changes:

1. Connect the display to the ChromeBook via USB.

2. While holding Search, press Right Arrow until you hear "Switch to 6-Dot Braille" or "Switch to 8-Dot Braille."

3. Press Enter to accept the change.

4. Press CTRL + W to close the settings window.

For more information about ChromeVox, see Google's documentation.

Expression Entry and Navigation

All right. Screen reader configured? You're ready to start entering math! Our equation editor is powered by a technology called MathQuill. You can type things like y=2x^2, 2/3x-4y=7, sin(x), anything! You can also enter evaluable expressions, like 2^3 or 4+5, and the calculator will output the answer. When writing in MathQuill, TAB moves out of a block. In a fraction, Up Arrow and Down Arrow move between the numerator and denominator. Home and End move to the beginning and end of the current block, and CTRL + Home or End move to the beginning and end of the active expression.

We also provide an onscreen keypad suitable for entering equations with a touch-based device or mouse. While the keypad has been given appropriate ARIA markup, it is not included in the calculator's tab order. This decision was made deliberately. Typing an equation (such as sin(x)) into the expression is far more efficient than using TAB to navigate to each button. Additionally, this allows the keypad keys to be located on touch-based devices or when using screen enlargement software (such as MAGic and ZoomText). For a full list of our supported functions, visit our support site: http://support.desmos.com/hc/en-us/articles/212235786

MathQuill also provides the following screen reader-specific hotkeys for Windows and Mac.

Typing Symbols

The calculator includes methods for entering special types of symbols and expressions. We have included some of the most common symbols below.

More details regarding these and other functions are available on the Desmos Learning site.

Table Entry

Sliders

When an expression contains free variables, Desmos will offer to define them as sliders. To try it for yourself, type y=mx+b and then press Enter to add sliders for m and b below the expression. Now, by changing the values of m and b, you can easily manipulate the graph of y=mx+b. Use TAB and the keyboard shortcuts below to adjust each slider when its handle is focused.

Audio Trace for Expressions with a Graph

If an expression has a graph, you can hear a basic summary with ALT + S (or OPTION + S on a Mac). Activate audio trace mode with ALT + T (or OPTION + T on a Mac). Press ALT + T a second time to deactivate audio trace. Setting focus to a different part of the web page will also deactivate audio trace, so there is no need to worry about being stuck in this mode.

When listening to a graph through audio trace, changes in the stereo field reflect the value of the independent variable, and changes in the pitch reflect the dependent variable. Static will also be heard along with the tone when the dependent variable is less than 0, or by itself if the variable is undefined. In addition, the timbre of the tone changes when the independent variable is less than or greater than 0. A brief "pop" will sound whenever two curves intersect.

For example, consider the equation for a simple sine curve: y=sin(x). When audio trace is active, notice how the tone being played moves from left to right as x increases, and the tone's pitch rises and falls as the y-value changes. Observe how the resonance of the tone morphs once it crosses the X axis, and the static that plays whenever y moves below 0.

Note: On Windows, audio tracing is not available in Internet Explorer. We recommend using Chrome or Firefox to take advantage of this feature.

When audio trace is active, the following additional keyboard shortcuts are available:

Slider Trace

When audio trace is active, and an expression contains adjustable factors available via sliders, you can modify their values to hear what effect the changes have on the current equation with the following commands:

For example, take the classic equation for a line: y=mx+b. When audio trace is active, enter slider trace by pressing S, and note that the value of M is set to 1. Pressing H yields an ascending tone which pans from left to right, indicating a line with a positive slope. Next, press the Left Arrow twice until M is -1. Pressing H again now results in a descending tone panning from left to right, indicating a line with negative slope.

You can also animate one or more sliders by selecting them with the Up and Down Arrow keys and pressing P to play or pause them. If any sliders are animating during slider trace, a tone representing the currently selected point will sound and change as the point updates on screen.

Audio Trace Examples

The following examples demonstrate a few different types of equations and how they are rendered in audio trace. In each recording, the equation is read aloud followed by the sound of the graph.

Your browser does not support the audio element. Notice how the pitch of the tone increases as it moves from left to right, indicating a positive slope, and the static that is added when the line is below the X axis.Open this graph in the calculator. Your browser does not support the audio element. Notice how the pitch of the tone decreases as it moves from left to right, indicating a negative slope, and the static that is added when the line is below the X axis.Open this graph in the calculator. Your browser does not support the audio element. Notice how the pitch of the tone regularly increases and decreases as it moves from left to right, indicating a periodic function, and the static that plays each time the line moves below the X axis.Open this graph in the calculator. Your browser does not support the audio element. Notice how the tone starts high, drops down, and raises as it moves from left to right, indicating a parabolic curve, and the static that plays when the line is off the screen.Open this graph in the calculator. Your browser does not support the audio element. This is the equation for a circle. Unlike the previous examples, this equation has two solutions which are played in sequence. First, from left to right, you will hear the tone move down, then up, which is the lower half of the circle. Next, from left to right, you hear a tone moving up, then down, indicating the top half of the circle. Notice the static which also plays as audio trace moves through those points which have no solution. We welcome feedback on how we might better convey multi-solution graphs through sound.Open this graph in the calculator.

Interactive Points in a Graph

In addition to traditional fixed-point graphs, Desmos supports adding points that can be moved around a graph with the mouse or keyboard. The most accessible method for creating a movable point from the keyboard is to define a variable whose value is a coordinate pair, such as p=(1,1) or a=(b,c).

It is also possible to navigate to nonmovable points if they are associated with a label such as in this sample graph.

When one or more interactive points have been created, you can use the following keyboard shortcuts to interact with them:

Note: the distance that a point moves in response to the above keyboard commands will vary depending on your screen size, X/Y limits, and zoom ratio settings. Also be aware that it is technically possible to move a point off the screen. Should this occur, you can move it back on screen so long as you have not navigated away from the point beforehand.

Learn more about movable points or try them out with a sample graph.

Common Actions

Desmos provides hotkeys which can be used anywhere within the calculator to aid in managing graphs, adding expressions, and adjusting graph settings.

Using Braille

If you rely on a Braille display, it is possible to read and write equations in Desmos using the two most common mathematical Braille codes in North America: Nemeth and Unified English Braille (UEB). Braille is currently available in our four-function and scientific calculators. Be aware that your screen reader should be set for Computer Braille input and output to minimize the risk of translation errors. If you have not done so, please configure your screen reader before continuing.

You can set the active Braille mode between Nemeth, UEB, or off by first opening the settings menu to the right of the expression list and activating the respective buttons inside the Braille group.

Six Key Braille Input

Out of the box, the calculator expects characters you type to come from a connected Braille display. If you would rather write Braille from your computer keyboard and use the display strictly for reading, check the "Six Key Braille Input" option. When it is active, use the Home Row keys (S, D, F, J, K, and L) to enter Braille just as you would on your Braille display or a manual Braille writer.

Once you have selected your desired Braille options, press Esc to close the settings menu. Alternatively, the following keyboard shortcuts may be used:

Once your Braille preference has been set, you can enter equations just as you would expect from your Braille display keyboard. As you type, a print version of your equation updates in real-time so that a teacher or sighted partner can follow along. After you have written your equation, press TAB to review the evaluation result (or error if you entered something the calculator could not understand). Press SHIFT + TAB to return to the expression list. To create a new expression, press Down Arrow or Enter. Finally, use Up Arrow and Down Arrow to move up and down the expression list.

Downloading Braille Equations

When a Braille input mode has been selected, it is also possible to download a Braille representation of the expression list by accessing the "Download Braille Equations" button in the settings menu. Be aware that the generated file is designed to be read on an electronic Braille display. Additional formatting may be required prior to sending it to a Braille printer.

Check out the Braille examples page for tips on how to type Braille expressions. You can learn more about using Braille in this video:

If you are new to Nemeth, we recommend reading through the Nemeth Braille tutorial from the American Printing House for the Blind. For UEB, we suggest reading Unified English Braille for Math.

Embossing Graphs

The Desmos graphing calculator has the ability to export graphs for a Braille embosser which enables a student to feel the graph rather than hear it. Supported embossers include the View Plus Tiger VP Max and the Enabling Technologies Romeo 60 and Juliet 120.

Exporting to the View Plus Tiger VP Max

To export a graph for embossing on a Tiger VP Max, first verify that the latest desktop View Plus drivers have been installed. Next:

1. Once a graph has been created, click the Share icon, or press CTRL + ALT + S on Windows, or CTRL + COMMAND + S on a Mac.

2. Select "Export Image."

3. Click the "Size" icon, and select the desired embosser and page size combination from the "Tactile Graphics Embossers" list that appears.

4. If desired, also select which Braille translation mode to use (default is Nemeth).

5. Right-click the graph image and select "Save to Desktop." If you are using Firefox or Chrome, you may opt to use the "Download PNG" button instead.

6. Locate the saved image, right-click it, and select "Print."

7. In the print dialog, set paper size to either 8.5 x 11 or 11.5 x 11 in (depending on the selected embosser option).

8. Click print.

Exporting to the Enabling Technologies Romeo 60 and Juliet 120

Before embossing to an Enabling Technologies device, please ensure that Firebird has been installed along with the drivers for your printer. Next:

1. Once a graph has been created, click the Share icon, or press CTRL + ALT + S on Windows, or CTRL + COMMAND + S on a Mac.

2. Select "Export Image."

3. Click the "Size" icon, and select the desired embosser and paper size combination from the "Tactile Graphics Embossers" list that appears.

4. If desired, also select which Braille translation mode to use (default is Nemeth).

5. Right-click the graph image and select "Save to Desktop." If you are using Firefox or Chrome, you may opt to use the "Download PNG" button instead.

6. In Firebird, select File > Open > Image File and open the image you downloaded.

7. Set the paper size to either 8.5 x 11.0 or 11.5 x 11.0 (depending on the selected embosser option).

8. Click the "Edit" button in the right pane.

9. Select File > Emboss in the edit window or press CTRL + E.

Downloading Braille Equations

When a Braille embosser mode has been selected, it is also possible to download a Braille representation of the expression list by accessing the "Download Braille Equations" button in the export dialog. Be aware that the generated file is designed to be read on an electronic Braille display. Additional formatting may be required prior to sending it to a Braille printer.

You can download the Desmos Graphing Calculator app for Android or iOS. On Android, we recommend devices running at least Android 5.0 with Chrome 54 or newer installed along with an external keyboard to enter expressions and issue commands. The calculator's interface is fully accessible to VoiceOver users running iOS 9 and above, though we recommend at least iOS 11 for the best experience. Like Android, we recommend the use of an external Bluetooth keyboard for the most optimal experience. For more information regarding TalkBack and VoiceOver, refer to Android accessibility information or VoiceOver information. We are still working on mobile accessibility and would love your feedback! Please email your questions and comments to accessibility@desmos.com.

The calculators are designed to make all functionality accessible from the keyboard. Select a calculator below to view the keyboard shortcuts.

Downloadable Keyboard Shortcut Guides

For those who would prefer to have a hard-copy list of all of the Desmos keyboard commands, we have created print and Braille versions of the Windows and Mac shortcuts as downloadable Microsoft Word and BRF files.

We are excited with our recent accessibility advances, and we also have more work to do. We would love your feedback on how we can support the best possible graphing experience for visually impaired students. Please email us at accessibility@desmos.com with any questions or comments!

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Our mission at Desmos is to help every student learn math and love learning math. Our graphing calculator is used by millions of students all around the world, and we'd like to see that use expand to all students, including those with physical and cognitive disabilities.

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Available as an app or online

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Desmos offers best-in-class calculators, digital math activities, and curriculum to help every student love math and love learning math.

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Quick Guide

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Google Chrome or Chromebook Voice Typing

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Google Chrome or Chromebook Voice Typing

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Sending Your First Document and Getting Your Document Back - Google Classroom Users

Sending Your First Document and Getting Your Document Back - Schoology Users

Sending Your First Document and Getting Your Document Back - Canvas Users

Sending out a Document using a Non-integrated LMS

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Getting Started With Kami | Kami Help Center

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Sending Your First Document and Getting Your Document Back - Google Classroom Users Sending Your First Document and Getting Your Document Back - Schoology Users Sending Your First Document and Getting Your Document Back - Canvas Users Sending out a Document using a Non-integrated LMS

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A large library of digital books ready by real human voices. Available for students with qualifying print disability. Requires account setup by AT Assessor. For more information visit: https://learningally.org/

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Import documents or take pictures to have them read aloud. Use in conjunction with Microsoft OneNote or Word. Free with LAUSD student email. To see an introduction visit: https://www.onenote.com/learningtools

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Take a photo of anything with text-signs, business cards, worksheets- and have it read to you. Import the picture into Immersive Reader and have it read aloud, with tracking, annotation and many other features. Free app for iOS. To see an introduction visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=55&v=JT7aSnZuK6o&feature=emb_logo

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You can hear full pages read aloud with Chromebook's built-in screen reader. You can hear parts of a page, including specific words, read aloud with Select-to-speak.

Listen to all text

To have pages read aloud to you, turn on your Chromebook's built-in screen reader:

1. At the bottom right, select the time.

2. Select Settings A ccessibility.

3. Under "Text-to-Speech," turn on ChromeVox.

Tip: When you press Ctrl + Alt + z, you can turn ChromeVox on or off from any page. Learn how to use the built-in screen reader.

Listen to part of a page

To select specific text on a page to be read to you, turn on Select-to-speak.

Step 1: Turn on Select-to-speak

1. At the bottom right, select the time.
Or press Alt + Shift + s.

2. Select Settings A ccessibility.

3. Under "Text-to-Speech," turn on S elect-to-speak.

Step 2: Select & hear text

Important: Depending on your keyboard, you can press the Search key or the Launcher key for some shortcuts. Both keys work the same.

Option 1

1. Press and hold the Search key .

2. Drag the pointer over an area of text.

Option 2

1. Highlight the text to be read.

2. Press the Search key + s.

Option 3

1. At the bottom right, near the time, select Select-to-Speak .

2. Drag the pointer over an area of text.

Tip: If you're on a touchscreen, tap a line of text or drag your finger over an area of the screen.

Your Chromebook reads the section aloud and each word is highlighted.

To stop Select-to-Speak while it's reading, press Ctrl or the Search key . You can also select Stop .

Tip: With navigation controls, you can pause and play, adjust speed, and skip lines of text.

Highlight or shade background text

If you are using Select-to-speak, each word will be highlighted as it's spoken. You can turn off highlighting, change the color of the highlighted words, or shade the screen behind selected text.

1. At the bottom right, select the time.
Or press Alt + Shift + s.

2. Select Settings A ccessibility.

3. Under "Text-to-Speech," turn on Select-to-speak.

4. Select Open select-to-speak settings.

5. Under "Highlighting," you can:

Turn on Highlight each word as it is spoken.

Next to "Color for word highlights," select a color.
To get the strongest contrast, you may use green or pink, especially if you use high contrast mode.

Turn on Shade background content.
This allows you to shade the whole screen, except for the text being spoken.

Disable Select-to-speak navigation features

Important: When "Enable Navigation Controls" is turned off, quick access to pause and play, adjust speed, and skip lines of text is disabled.

1. At the bottom right, select the time.
Or press Alt + Shift + s.

2. Select Settings Accessibility.

3. Under "Text-to-Speech," select Open select to speech settings.

4. Under "Highlighting," turn off Enable navigation controls.

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You can hear full pages read aloud with Chromebook's built-in screen reader. You can hear parts of a page, including specific words, read aloud with Select-to-speak. Listen to all text To have pag

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Read Aloud uses text-to-speech (TTS) technology to convert webpage text to audio.  It works on a variety of websites, including news sites, blogs, fan fiction, publications, textbooks, school and class websites, and online university course materials.

Read Aloud allows you to select from a variety of text-to-speech voices, including those provided natively by the browser, as well as by text-to-speech cloud service providers such as Google Wavenet, Amazon Polly, IBM Watson, and Microsoft.  Some of the cloud-based voices may require additional in-app purchase to enable.

Read Aloud can read PDF, Google Docs, Google Play books, Amazon Kindle, and EPUB (via the excellent EPUBReader extension from epubread.com).

Read Aloud is intended for users who prefer to listen to content instead of reading, those with dyslexia or other learning disabilities, and children learning to read.

To use Read Aloud, navigate to the web page you want to read, then click the Read Aloud icon on the Chrome menu.  In addition, the shortcut keys ALT-P, ALT-O, ALT-Comma, and ALT-Period can be used to Play/Pause, Stop, Rewind, and Forward.  You may also select the text you want to read before activating the extension.  Right clicking on the selected text will provide you with yet another option to activate Read Aloud via the context menu.

To change the voice, reading speed, pitch, or enable text highlighting, go to the Options page either by right clicking on the Read Aloud icon and choose Options, or by clicking the Gear button on the extension popup (you'll need to stop playback to see the Gear button).

Read Aloud is an open-source project.  If you wish to contribute bug fixes or translations, please visit the GitHub page at https://github.com/ken107/read-aloud.

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Read Aloud: A Text to Speech Voice Reader

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Read aloud the current web-page article with one click, using text to speech (TTS). Supports 40+ languages.

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Speak It app converts text into speech. Select text > Speak it

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Interactive UDL Guidelines

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Universal Design for Learning - Introduction to Engagement

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UDL Academy Engagement Recruiting Interest

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UDL: Introduction to Representation Video

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UDL: Introduction to Representation Video

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Universal Design for Learning - Introduction to Representation

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Provide Multiple Means of Representation 

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Provide Multiple Means of Representation 

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Learners differ in the ways that they perceive and comprehend information that is presented to them. For example, those with sensory disabilities (e.g., blindness or deafness); learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia); language or cultural differences, and so forth may all require different ways of approaching content. Others may simply grasp information quicker or more efficiently through visual or auditory means rather than printed text. Also learning, and transfer of learning, occurs when multiple representations are used, because they allow students to make connections within, as well as between, concepts. In short, there is not one means of representation that will be optimal for all learners; providing options for representation is essential.

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Learners differ in the ways that they perceive and comprehend information that is presented to them. For example, those with sensory disabilities (e.g., blindness or deafness); learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia); language or cultural differences, and so forth may all require different ways of approaching content.

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Representation: Language & Symbols Video 

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Representation: Language & Symbols Video 

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Provide Multiple Means of Action & Expression 

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Provide Multiple Means of Action & Expression 

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Learners differ in the ways that they can navigate a learning environment and express what they know. For example, individuals with significant movement impairments (e.g., cerebral palsy), those who struggle with strategic and organizational abilities (executive function disorders), those who have language barriers, and so forth approach learning tasks very differently. Some may be able to express themselves well in written text but not speech, and vice versa. It should also be recognized that action and expression require a great deal of strategy, practice, and organization, and this is another area in which learners can differ. In reality, there is not one means of action and expression that will be optimal for all learners; providing options for action and expression is essential.

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Learners differ in the ways that they can navigate a learning environment and express what they know. For example, individuals with significant movement impairments (e.g., cerebral palsy), those who struggle with strategic and organizational abilities (executive function disorders), those who have language barriers, and so forth approach learning tasks very differently.

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Provide Options for Expression & Communication 

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Provide Options for Expression & Communication 

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Provide Options for Executive Functioning 

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Provide Options for Executive Functioning 

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Wondering about your progress towards implementation of UDL in your classroom? Rate your progress with this helpful tool.

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CAST Professional Publishing - Until learning has no limits®

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CAST Professional Publishing produces books that help educators at all levels improve their practice-and change students' lives-through Universal Design for Learning (UDL).

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Padlet

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For teachers, how to guides and other resources using Bitmojis

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Create Bitmoji scenes for Google Slide desk for more engagement.

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Make a Bitmoji Scene in Google Slides! (Bitmoji Classroom)

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Add UDL elements to a Google Slide deck.

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Getting Started with Pear Deck to Make Your Google Slides Presentations Interactive