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Ecriture cursive ou sur clavier: quel impact sur l'apprentissage?

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Ecriture cursive ou sur clavier: quel impact sur l'apprentissage?

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Depuis plusieurs années, les études se multiplient sur des sujets allant de la maternelle à l'université. Petite revue de la littérature scientifique.....

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La facilité du geste de taper sur clavier peut-elle favoriser écriture et la lecture chez des jeunes enfants qui ont peu de capacité motrices? Une étude allemande menée sur des enfants de maternelle, compare les résultats obtenus après plusieurs séances de jeux de reconnaissance de lettres sur papier crayon ou sur clavier. Les résultats montrent un meilleur apprentissage avec papier/crayon pour l’écruture de mot, et une tendance pour la lecture. Là encore, l’association entre l’action de tracer les lettres, la perception et l’apprentissage serait en jeu.

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Abstract

Digital writing devices associated with the use of computers, tablet PCs, or mobile phones are increasingly replacing writing by hand. It is, however, controversially discussed how writing modes influence reading and writing performance in children at the start of literacy. On the one hand, the easiness of typing on digital devices may accelerate reading and writing in young children, who have less developed sensory-motor skills. On the other hand, the meaningful coupling between action and perception during handwriting, which establishes sensory-motor memory traces, could facilitate written language acquisition. In order to decide between these theoretical alternatives, for the present study, we developed an intense training program for preschool children attending the German kindergarten with 16 training sessions. Using closely matched letter learning games, eight letters of the German alphabet were trained either by handwriting with a pen on a sheet of paper or by typing on a computer keyboard. Letter recognition, naming, and writing performance as well as word reading and writing performance were assessed. Results did not indicate a superiority of typing training over handwriting training in any of these tasks. In contrast, handwriting training was superior to typing training in word writing, and, as a tendency, in word reading. The results of our study, therefore, support theories of action-perception coupling assuming a facilitatory influence of sensory-motor representations established during handwriting on reading and writing.

Keywords: digital media; embodied cognition; literacy training; preschool children; written language acquisition.

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national center for biotechnology information

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Handwriting or Typewriting? The Influence of Pen- or Keyboard-Based Writing Training on Reading and Writing Performance in Preschool Children - PubMed

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Digital writing devices associated with the use of computers, tablet PCs, or mobile phones are increasingly replacing writing by hand. It is, however, controversially discussed how writing modes influence reading and writing performance in children at the start of literacy. On the one hand, the easi ...

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Les résultats de plusieurs études montrent que l’écriture manuscrite permet un meilleur apprentissage et un meilleur renforcement de la mémoire que de taper au clavier. L’écriture manuscrite développe la motricité fine, favorise les zones sensori-motrices du cerveau, ce qui associe le tracé des lettres au sens des mots. Il existe donc bien un lien entre les expériences sensorielles (voir les lettres que l’on trace, le son du crayon sur le papier) et la connexion entre les différentes parties du cerveau. Lors de l’écriture au clavier, cette association n’existe pas car c’est le même geste qui est réalisé quelque soit la lettre ou le mot.

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L’écriture au clavier peut être moins efficace pour l’apprentissage. Une analyse de trois études menée par des chercheurs américains sur la prise de notes d’étudiants lors de conférences montre que la prise de note sur ordinateur portable permet de prendre une quantité de notes plus élevée. Par contre, les étudiants prenant des notes sur ordinateurs mémorisaient moins bien le contenu de la conférence et avaient plus de mal à le reformuler que ceux ayant pris des notes manuscrites.

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Taking notes on laptops rather than in longhand is increasingly common. Many researchers have suggested that laptop note taking is less effective than longhand note taking for learning. Prior studies have primarily focused on students' capacity for multitasking and distraction when using laptops. The present research suggests that even when laptops are used solely to take notes, they may still be impairing learning because their use results in shallower processing. In three studies, we found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. We show that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers' tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning.

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The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking - Pam A. Mueller, Daniel M. Oppenheimer, 2014

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Taking notes on laptops rather than in longhand is increasingly common. Many researchers have suggested that laptop note taking is less effective than longhand note taking for learning. Prior studies have primarily focused on students' capacity for multitasking and distraction when using laptops.