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https://aertecsolutions.com/en/2018/12/10/how-to-avoid-radar-detection/

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https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/501495/4-amazing-archaeological-discoveries-spotted-satellite

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Under the surface: radar reveals splendor of ancient Roman city

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In a glimpse into the future of archeology, researchers in Italy have used ground-penetrating radar to map an entire ancient Roman city. The technology was used at Falerii Novi, a 75-acre walled city north of Rome - uncovering baths, shops, and a theatre.

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Archaeology Professionals Use GPR Around the World

With archaeology, sampling and excavating can be timely, costly, and risky. One wrong move, and you could risk damaging an important structure or artifact. For the archaeologist, collecting subsurface data is essential before any digging can take place.

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) provides archaeologists the ability to survey a dig site without having to break ground to discover the likely locations of buried evidence or artifacts, observe changes in soil structure, and identify any potential damage risks. This allows for a more efficient and safer dig before any shovels are used.

Before digging for artifacts, one should be critical of the data collected and survey for a number of different soil conditions. Secondly, because GPR data does not provide an outline of specific shapes located by a radar system, one must use their experience and best judgment to determine what found targets represent. GPR may tell you that something is there, but it will not image the exact shape of the object. Operating the system as intended will reveal much about the target. Making multiple side-by-side passes over the same survey site, for example, will create a clearer portrayal of the image and give greater understanding of the data collected.

How GPR Aids Archaeology

Ground penetrating radar aids archaeologists who need accurate subsurface data to inform their decisions on where to dig and how deep. Depending on the model used, the archaeologist can use GPR to help uncover findings like:

Buried buildings and foundations

Forgotten infrastructure (trenches, waterways, cisterns, etc.)

Underground tunnels and voids

Buried military paraphernalia

Bones, human or otherwise

Lost graves, coffins, etc.

Other misc. artifacts

It is important to reinforce that GPR will NOT image the exact object, but will rather tell the user where an object is very likely buried. It is up to the operator or other archaeology professional to analyze and interpret the data collected to make the best judgment.

GPR Compared to Other Archaeology Locating Methods

Various other methods in archaeological survey have their limitations:

Though resistivity meters are lightweight and cheap, they often do not determine depth or create vertical profiles as accurately as other solutions. Deeper investigations require long cables. Here, properly laying the cable and maintaining clear, interference-free leads is time-consuming and not worth the investment. The results are often ambiguous with no coarse resolution and the presence of any underground infrastructure may further complicate interpreting findings.

Magnetometers respond to iron and steel levels in materials and largely depend on objects' mass for sufficient detection. Unfortunately, high concentrations of magnetic materials may disrupt the detection of subtler anomalies that may be of more interest to the archaeologist.

Electromagnetic conductivity instruments also respond strongly to metal. This means that survey results focusing on nonmetallic materials may be skewed or interrupted.

While the above illustrates that there are a variety of locating tools that can be used in archaeology, not all are created equal. The archaeologist's ideal locating solution should be one that is portable, noninvasive, adaptable to multiple soil conditions, and able to collect actionable data.

Systems like our GPRover and Quantum Imager benefit the archaeologist in the following ways:

Rugged, easily portable design that can traverse multiple terrains

Auto-calibrating antenna to respond to various soil conditions

Triple-frequency antenna signal simultaneously collects three separate sets of data at three separate depths for cross-comparison and greater accuracy.

GPS-enabled mapping capabilities to document locations of findings

Internet connectivity to share data with others involved on your project

Noninvasive scanning = no digging required to operate.

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Archaeology Applications for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Archaeology Professionals Use GPR Around the World With archaeology, sampling and excavating can be timely, costly, and risky. One wrong move, and you could risk damaging an important structure or artifact. For the archaeologist, collecting subsurface data is essential before any digging can

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IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News

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In 2012, Clearpath Robotics decided to give away a customized Husky UGV to a worthy cause, and what could be more worthy than keeping us humans from getting blown up. The University of Coimbra in Portugal has taken its free Husky and turned it into an clever little autonomous mobile mine detector.

Huskies don't come stock with the ability to detect mines. Or rather, they may be able to detect one single mine once. By accident. Catastrophically. To get the robot all set to not blow itself (or anyone else) into tiny little chunks, the team at Coimbra added sensors for navigation and localization (GPS, stereo vision, and a laser), as well as (more importantly) a customized two-degrees-of-freedom arm equipped with both a metal detector and a ground penetrating radar system.

The reason why you want to have a robot doing mine detection is fairly obvious: if the robot gets explodified, you can just buy another one. But the argument for autonomous systems is also one of sheer volume: there are something like 110,000,000 active landmines out there right now, just waiting to do bad stuff to people. And they're horrifically effective at it, killing and injuring tens of thousands of people each year.

At full blast, humans ( and rats) are clearing out about 100,000 mines every year, giving us about A THOUSAND YEARS before we'd be able to clear up all of them. So we need robots. Smart robots. Inexpensive robots. And lots of them. To that end, the project has been folded into Tiramisu, which is both a tasty dessert and a humanitarian demining project in Europe.

This is great research. Really, really great. But detecting the mines is only half of what needs to be done: they still have to be dealt with somehow. Our suggestion is to crossbreed a Grizzly with one of these monstrosities and just beat those landmines into explosive submission.

The researchers plan to present additional results at ICRA 2014, which is coming up, um, kind of soon, actually.

Via [ Clearpath Robotics ]

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Robot Takes on Landmine Detection While Humans Stay Very Very Far Away

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In 2012, Clearpath Robotics decided to give away a customized Husky UGV to a worthy cause, and what could be more worthy than keeping us humans from getting blown up. The University of Coimbra in Portugal has taken its free Husky and turned it into an clever little autonomous mobile mine detector.

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https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/detecting-items-hidden-person

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Radar Detectors are Redundant

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I've recently come to a conclusion about radar detectors - an item that many car enthusiasts have considered crucial to avoiding speeding tickets for the last few decades. And my conclusion is: these days, in these modern times, they're useless. It's over. There's simply no point in having a radar detector anymore.

I originally started reaching this conclusion a few months ago, when I drove across the country and back in my radar detector-equipped Aston Martin V8 Vantage. On this 6,000-plus mile road trip, I discovered two very important things: One, radar detectors are being beaten at their own game. And two, radar detectors don't really work on modern roads.

I'll start with number two: Radar detectors and modern roads don't really mesh all that well. Now, in the past when you got a radar detector, you could always count on it making its little chirping sounds and flashing its lights whenever you passed an automatic door (outside a shopping mall or a grocery store, for instance) because the technology they used was relatively similar to the technology radar detectors search for. And that makes sense.

But these days, it isn't just shopping malls. Here in 2017, virtually every modern vehicle on the road is equipped with blind spot monitoring, parking sensors, adaptive cruise control and lane keep assist, and all of those systems seem to use some form of technology that makes a radar detector go crazy with flashing and chirping. Seriously: Take a radar detector down a road in a nice area, where people tend to have new cars. Every time you see a Mercedes, or a BMW - in fact, most Fords and Chevys, these days - your radar detector will freak out. The number of false positives has gone from "annoying but acceptable" to "please shut up so I can listen to my music." If eight out of every nine radar detector chirps and flashes are fake, you start to simply not trust it. And then, what's the point?

And it's not just the false positives. Modern radar detectors are expensive - and they're being beaten at their own game by much cheaper solutions. The best example of this, of course, is Waze - a mobile app that lets users report police presence (and other potential road dangers) so you know when to slow down in order to avoid a ticket. I've noticed two things about Waze: One, that it's tremendously accurate. And two, that it's tremendously quick. Almost as quick as a radar detector, and certainly with fewer false positives.

The story I always tell about Waze comes from a true incident that happened to me once, a few months ago, as I was driving on the interstate in New Jersey late at night. My Waze app lit up and insisted there were "animals on the road ahead," which I openly laughed at. Animals move. How can an app on my phone possibly announce where animals are located?

Well, sure enough, less than a minute later, there they were: A herd of deer grazing and hanging out by the side of the road. I've trusted Waze a lot more since then.

And, of course, Waze doesn't just tell us about deer. While it suffers from some false positives as a result of taking a while to remove reports of police vehicles that may be looking for speeding drivers, Waze is generally pretty accurate - and pretty quick - at recognizing speed traps. If you're cruising down the highway and Waze tells you there's a police car ahead, you're likely to slow down - a lot more so than if you're cruising down the highway and your radar detector goes off. When your radar detector goes off, the first thing you do is you start looking around for a car with adaptive cruise control.

All of this brings me back to my cross-country road trip. Early in the trip, I had the radar detector switched on, convinced I'd be able to thwart any potential speeding tickets I might receive. As the trip went on, I gradually switched - ditching the constant chirping and flashing of the radar detector for the soothing sounds of the person in the Waze app. By the end of the trip, I was all Waze - and I've never looked back. And, frankly, I don't think I ever will. Goodbye, chirping radar detectors. The modern world doesn't need you anymore. Find a car for sale
Doug DeMuro is an automotive journalist who has written for many online and magazine publications. He once owned a Nissan Cube and a Ferrari 360 Modena. At the same time.
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Radar Detectors are Useless Now - Autotrader

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I've recently come to a conclusion about radar detectors - an item that many car enthusiasts have considered crucial to avoiding speeding tickets for the last few decades. And my conclusion is: these days, in these modern times, they're useless. It's over. There's simply no point in having a radar detector anymore.

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Control Panel UI - Oblivion - INTERFACE LOVE.

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Oblivion movie review: Tom Cruise punches Tom Cruise?

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Drove past here and it's heavily guarded!

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What is CHIRP Sonar? | Humminbird - YouTube

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His other interests - swimming, flying. 128 patents taken out - considered the father of circuit engineering. Producing the first successful radar designs

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https://djwong.org/photography/oahu_2010/mighty_mo/img_0393.jpg_slide.html

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This film charts the work of Robert Watson-Watt, the pioneer of Radar

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https://www.pbs.org/time-team/experience-archaeology/ground-penetrating-radar/

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3uIXt1V7YY

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRg5RNU_JLk

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FLEET RECOGNITION CENTRE LIBRARY - SOVIET RADAR AND WEAPONS SYSTEMS

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FLEET RECOGNITION CENTRE LIBRARY - SOVIET RADAR AND WEAPONS SYSTEMS

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https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205302962

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RADAR EQUIPMENT, GCI (GROUND CONTROL INTERCEPTION), FUMG 62A WURZBURG A RADAR AND ELEVATION HAND WHEEL, GERMAN

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RADAR EQUIPMENT, GCI (GROUND CONTROL INTERCEPTION), FUMG 62A WURZBURG A RADAR AND ELEVATION HAND WHEEL, GERMAN

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https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205302962

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Imperial war museum is a great resource!!!

1945-1989 (content)

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FIELD ARTILLERY RADAR: PART II - B-TYPE RADAR [Main Title]

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https://www.explainthatstuff.com/radar.html

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https://www.explainthatstuff.com/radar.html

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https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/01589C52?bcast=47295543

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https://www.ebay.com/itm/1944-WWII-Night-Sight-Can-Mean-Life-or-Death-Eat-Carrots-Mess-Hall-Framed-Poster-/324165279206

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https://ethw.org/Radar_during_World_War_II

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https://ethw.org/Radar_during_World_War_II

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https://ethw.org/Radar_during_World_War_II