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1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 27)

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1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 27)

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PRINCIPLES

This document affirms everyone's right to participate in and benefit from scientific advances, and be protected from scientific misuses.

The right to the benefits of science comes under the domain of 'culture', so is usually examined from a cultural right perspective.

ARTICLES

Articles 1-7

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2. UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers — 1974 (Article 4)

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2. UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers — 1974 (Article 4)

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PRINCIPLES

This document affirms that all advances in scientific and technological knowledge should be solely geared towards securing well-being for global citizens and calls upon member states to develop the necessary protocol and policies to monitor and secure this objective. Countries are asked to show that science and technology is integrated into policies that aim to ensure a more humane and just society.

ARTICLES

Artcle II. Scientific researchers in the context of national policy-making
(4-10)

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13131&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

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3. UNESCO Declaration on the Use of Scientific Knowledge — 1999 (article 33)

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3. UNESCO Declaration on the Use of Scientific Knowledge — 1999 (article 33)

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PRINCIPLES

This document states, “Today, more than ever, science and its applications are indispensable for development. All levels of government and the private sector should provide enhanced support for building up an adequate and evenly distributed scientific and technological capacity through appropriate education and research programs as an indispensable foundation for economic, social, cultural, and environmentally sound development.

This is particularly urgent for developing countries.” This Declaration encompasses issues such as pollution-free production, efficient resource use, biodiversity protection and brain drains.

ARTICLES

Preamble 4. Science in society and science for society (39-46)

http://www.unesco.org/science/wcs/eng/declaration_e.htm

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4. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

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4. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

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PRINCIPLES

This pledges its members to striving forward towards the provision of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) to Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories and citizens, particularly labor rights and the right to health, education, and a decent quality of life.

ARTICLES

Article 11, 13, and 15 (1-4)

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx

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5. Declaration on Social Progress and Development(1969)

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5. Declaration on Social Progress and Development(1969)

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PRINCIPLE

This statement was generally intended to promote improved living standards, high employment, and foundations of economic development and growth and development. It asserts that only peaceful cohabitation, cordial ties, and collaboration among governments with various social, economic, or political systems can lead to socioeconomic development.

Both governments and international organizations were encouraged to take steps to remove all social problems and impediments to social development, such as inequality, exploitation, war, colonialism, and racism. The UN issued the Declaration in order to encourage the advancement of all society toward the aforementioned goals and to overcome any hurdles to their accomplishment.

ARTICLES

Article 13,19, 21, and 24

https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ProgressAndDevelopment.aspx
https://internationallaw.uslegal.com/international-human-rights/universal-human-rights-instruments/social-welfare-progress-and-development/declaration-on-social-progress-and-development/

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6. Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind (1975)

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6. Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind (1975)

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PRINCIPLE:
- This document concentrates on the possible abusive use of science contrary to human rights. It is acknowledged in the preamble that scientific and technological achievements could on the one hand improve the conditions of peoples and nations, but they could, on the other hand, cause social problems or threaten human rights and fundamental freedoms. Other issues in this document include non-discrimination and international cooperation to ensure that the results of science and technology are used in the interest of peace and security and for the economic and social development of peoples. It is further laid down that States should prevent the use of scientific and technological development to limit the enjoyment of human rights and protect the population from possible harmful effects of the misuse of science and technology.

ARTICLE:
- Article 2,3 & 4

https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ScientificAndTechnologicalProgress.aspx

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7. Universal Declaration onBioethics and Human Rights(2005)

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7. Universal Declaration onBioethics and Human Rights(2005)

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PRINCIPLE:
- The document states the ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences, and associated technologies as applied to human beings.  Including prioritizing the interests and welfare of the individual over the sole interest of science or society. In addition, it states the rights of humans when it comes to the benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications. Furthermore, the impact of life sciences on future generations, including on their genetic constitution, should be given due regard - given to the interconnection between human beings and other forms of life; to the importance of appropriate access and utilization of biological and genetic resources; to respect for traditional knowledge; and to the role of human beings in the protection of the environment, the biosphere, and biodiversity.

ARTICLE:
- Article 15, 16, 17, 23.

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31058&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

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PRINCIPLE

Reinforcing the civilizing and historical function of the Islamic Ummah, which Allah created as the finest community and provided humanity a unified and well-balanced society, wherein unity is set in place between herein and current and future generations, knowledge is integrated with faith, and to meet the preconceptions from this community to support humankind.

In support of humanity's efforts to defend human rights, protect men from exploitation and persecution, and proclaim man's freedom and right to a decent existence in line with Islamic Shari'ah.

ARTICLE

Article 2 and 7

http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html

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PRINCIPLE:
- The declaration aims to strengthen the commitment to scientific and technological research for the benefit of our societies by increasing support for institutions, research programs, and researchers, as well as to encourage exchanges, cooperation, and the creation of synergies between our countries in the public and private sectors in the fields of scientific research and technology.

- It also intends to improve collaboration between universities, professional associations, research institutes, African ethics committees, and regional and worldwide partner institutions in the fields of ethics, bioethics, and life sciences
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ARTICLE:
- Article 1, 2 and 7

http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SHS/pdf/Dakar-Declaration_EN.pdf