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The Five Pillars of Reading Instruction (Learning Landscape, n.d.):

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The Five Pillars of Reading Instruction (Learning Landscape, n.d.):

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Phonemic Awareness - Understanding that words contain combinations of individual sounds.

Phonics -
Understanding the relationship between written letters and sounds.

Fluency -
Ability to read smoothly and accurately, like speaking.

Vocabulary -
The words necessary for effective communication and reading.

Comprehension -
The intentional cognitive process that occurs when a reader interacts with a text.

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Research-based Strategy:

Having students stretch out and then blend together the individual phonemes of words (Semingson, 2014).

Reinforcement supports:

Reading - Important prerequisite to learning how to read. Students are able to identify and manipulate the individual sounds of words which helps with decoding (Semingson, 2014).

Writing - Being able to identify the individual sounds in words helps students with spelling (Semingson, 2014).

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Research-based Strategy:

Word Sorts in which students sort words based on specified criteria, such as the first phoneme (Semingson, 2014).

Reinforcement supports:

Reading - Phonics helps students understand the alphabetic principle as well as morphemic awareness, which helps them to identify the meaning of words in addition to decoding (Semingson, 2014).

Writing - Phonics provides students with a system they can follow when spelling words in their writing (Learning Landscape, n.d.).

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Research-based Strategy:

Semantic Mapping in which students map out how words are related using a concept map (Semingson, 2014).

Reinforcement supports:

Reading - It connects with phonics and word study, and is a predictor of comprehension (Semingson, 2014).

Writing - Helps students to make sense of written words and how to use those words in their own writing (Learning Landscape, n.d.).

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Research-based Strategy:

Explicit teaching of comprehension strategies that student learn to use in order to better understand what they are reading (Semingson, 2014).

Reinforcement supports:

Reading - The main goal of reading is to be able to understand what is being read (Semingson, 2014).

Writing - Students can apply their learning of text structures and story elements to their own writing (K12 Reader, 2018).

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K12 Reader. (2018). The relationship between reading and writing. https://www.k12reader.com/the-relationship-between-reading-and-writing/

Learning Landscape. (n.d.). The National Reading Panel: Five components of reading instruction frequently asked questions. http://www.learninglandscape.com/National_Reading_Panel_Reading_Instruction_FAQ.pdf

Riley, B. (2020). Drawing on reading science without starting a war. Educational Leadership, 77(5), 16–22.

Semingson, P. (2014, May 9). Overview of the big five of reading: Phonemic awareness and more [Video]. You Tube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCGXhIjvE1Y

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Research-based Strategy:

Give students a lot of time for independent reading during which they can practice reading a variety of texts (Riley, 2020). Readers' Theater in which students read the script multiple times and perform (Semingson, 2014).

Reinforcement supports:

Reading - Helps students become more motivated to read, and develop comprehension on a deeper level (Learning Landscape, n.d.).

Writing - Students learn prosody, which helps with punctuation in their writing (Semingson, 2014).