# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Source: https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-the-rainbow-flag-become-a-symbol-of-lgbt-pride

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
"He demonstrated that clear white light was composed of seven visible colors.

By scientifically establishing our visible spectrum (the colors we see in a rainbow), Newton laid the path for others to experiment with color in a scientific manner. His work led to breakthroughs in optics, physics, chemistry, perception, and the study of color in nature."
https://library.si.edu/exhibition/color-in-a-new-light/science
'One popular explanation in Isaac Newton's time was that the prism created the colors by somehow changing the white light into other forms. Newton's interpretation was different.

He guessed those rainbow colors were all present in the original white light, but they were mixed. The prism sorted them out. Today, we know Newton was right, but he had to do a lot of thinking and experimenting to convince himself.'
https://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/newton-rainbow.php

# data[].attributes.headline
Local Laws and School District Policies. - Mihir

# data[].attributes.subject
Local Laws and School District Policies. - Mihir

# data[].attributes.body
if your state legislature hasn’t specifically banned anti-LGBTQ discrimination and harassment in schools, city ordinances, and local school districts within your state may have done so. More and more communities—from small rural towns to large urban areas like Dallas, Miami-Dade, Nashville, and Philadelphia — have enacted rules protecting students from discrimination and harassment based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Consult with a friendly school official, a local attorney or Lambda Legal.

Student Expression
In addition, LGBTQ students have the right:

to voice your support for LGBTQ equality at school

to wear T-shirts or distribute leaflets expressing LGBTQ-positive statements without censorship based on your opinion or viewpoint

to hang posters, make announcements and hold meetings for LGBTQ-related groups on the same terms as other student organizations

to write a column or article in a personal or student-led publication addressing LGBTQ issues without discrimination based on your LGBTQ-supportive ideas.

# data[].attributes.headline
Rosalind Gill - Unspeakable Inequalities (2014) - Karis

# data[].attributes.subject
Rosalind Gill - Unspeakable Inequalities (2014) - Karis

# data[].attributes.body
This paper outlines the inequalities within creative fields for ethnicity/race, gender and class, when the creative industry is praised for being diverse. In addition, it also explores how women are underrepresented within the creative industry, and how employers use motherhood as an excuse to pay women less. Gill mentions the ‘paradox’ of this inequality, from an industry that is presented as egalitarian, to the realities of the pay gap, unfair opportunities for minorities and the normalisation of the upper class white man who controls it all.

Another issue that this paper explores is the fact that women in their thirties and early forties are excluded due to employers fearing their transition into motherhood, which involves paid maternity leave and the potential loss of an employee. The cultivation of how women leaving for children is a problem is incredibly harmful and misogynistic, as it presents the need for childbirth as a nuisance, despite it being a human choice from two people.

However, in the case of a heterosexual couple, it is almost expected for the woman to sacrifice her hard-earned career, whilst the man continues to work. This is an issue which also affects women who do not have children, as it is expected from them that they will leave to raise a family, resulting in a loss of opportunities and representation.

# data[].attributes.body
-Axel - Starbucks and thier lgbtq implication-For more than three decades, Starbucks has been committed to building a culture where everyone is welcome. We stand as an ally to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer community – affirming every way people may choose to identify. Here’s a look at the company’s LGBTQ+ support and advocacy.

# data[].attributes.body
Here is the source of this page: https://www.dezeen.com/2018/06/12/daniel-quasar-lgbt-rainbow-flag-inclusive/

# data[].attributes.headline
- Axel Is starbuck ethical - Starbucks lost severalmarks in the ‘People’ category.In October 2018, we found that the company had operations in China, Thailand e Philippines and Colombia. This impacted their ethical score as these countries are on Ethical Consumer’s list of oppressive regimes.Supply chain managementOverall Starbucks score a middle Ethical Consumer rating for their supply chain management.The coffee chain’s social responsibility document contained adequate clauses on discrimination, freedom of association and forced labour.However, the policy only stated that the legal minimum wage must be paid rather than a living wage.Their clause on child labour was also poor. Despite a statement that no person under the age of 15 must be employed, it allowed an exemption for family-owned and small-scale businesses. This meant that Starbucks did not have an adequate policy on child labour for its supply chain outside of its C.A.F.E programme.

# data[].attributes.subject
- Axel Is starbuck ethical - Starbucks lost severalmarks in the ‘People’ category.In October 2018, we found that the company had operations in China, Thailand e Philippines and Colombia. This impacted their ethical score as these countries are on Ethical Consumer’s list of oppressive regimes.Supply chain managementOverall Starbucks score a middle Ethical Consumer rating for their supply chain management.The coffee chain’s social responsibility document contained adequate clauses on discrimination, freedom of association and forced labour.However, the policy only stated that the legal minimum wage must be paid rather than a living wage.Their clause on child labour was also poor. Despite a statement that no person under the age of 15 must be employed, it allowed an exemption for family-owned and small-scale businesses. This meant that Starbucks did not have an adequate policy on child labour for its supply chain outside of its C.A.F.E programme.

# data[].attributes.headline
Cultural Appropriation within the NHS Rainbow - Lillie

# data[].attributes.subject
Cultural Appropriation within the NHS Rainbow - Lillie

# data[].attributes.body
There was talks of the NHS rainbow being culturally appropriated from Christianity and Judaism where the rainbow has been a symbol of hope for years.
However the LGBTQ community felt more appropriated by the use of the NHS rainbow with claims that "the NHS has taken what is our symbol and are using it for a different meaning. Find your own symbol"
In both situations there was a level of appropriation and the thought that perhaps the rainbow was used due to its popularity rather than its symbolism.
This is, however, open to interpretation from each individual depending on their upbringing, identity and personal values and beliefs.
As both a Christian and a member of the LGBTQ community I see no appropriation, as for me the rainbow is a symbol of hope and it Was being used in the right context for the good of a country hit hard by the unknown.
Others will disagree with me and that's ok - the rainbow has different important significance to different people.

# data[].attributes.body
In 2020 the world was hit hard by Covid. The medical professionals especially struggled, not only with being short staffed but also with the personal risk they put themselves in to help others.
The public, as a response to this, started "Thank you NHS" (inspired by a nurse who encouraged her patients to draw rainbows for the walls of their hospital rooms)
As 2020 progressed most houses, including No. 10 Downing had drawings of rainbows in their windows.
But why a rainbow?
In many cultures and religions the rainbow is a symbol of hope - something we all needed and felt we were lacking.
While we were unable to physical help those within the hospitals, we were able to show our support for our NHS through something everyone could participate in.
In Christianity the rainbow has 7 colours while the LGBTQ flag has 6.  The NHS rainbow followed suit with Christianity with 7 colours in most of the drawings.  Occasionally there were drawings with 6 colours leading to some upset among the LGBTQ community.
However this symbol of hope and promise took over our country and world none the less with artists, writers, musicians, politicians, children, toddlers, grandmas, grandpas, mums and dads, teenagers, nurses, doctors, business's, builders, (the list goes on and on) getting involved in an act of solidarity, hope and faith in our NHS.

# data[].attributes.headline
Axel- Where does Starbucks get their coffee from? -Starbucks sources arabica coffee from three key growing regions, Latin America, Africa, and Asia-Pacific, a spokesperson for the coffee empire confirms, but their signature coffee blends are mostly from the Asia-Pacific region..

# data[].attributes.subject
Axel- Where does Starbucks get their coffee from? -Starbucks sources arabica coffee from three key growing regions, Latin America, Africa, and Asia-Pacific, a spokesperson for the coffee empire confirms, but their signature coffee blends are mostly from the Asia-Pacific region..

# data[].attributes.body
-Starbucks also operates a coffee plant in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and a processing plant for its Tazo Tea subsidiary in Portland, Oregon. The company also relies on 24 co-manufacturers, most of them in Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Canada.
-These bright and flavourful beans are produced in the region and are enjoyed in all 65 countries where Starbucks coffee is served. Starbucks is proud to source coffee mainly form Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, México, Panamá, Peru and Puerto Rico.

# data[].attributes.body
1. In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down parts of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (which defined marriage as a union between man and woman) and declared that the federal government would recognize same-sex marriages as legal.

2. With the Defense of Marriage Act struck down, the federal government began recognizing same-sex marriage and all marriage programs, benefits, and laws such as social security and health benefits.

3. As of July 2014, same-sex marriage is legal in 19 states, plus the District of Columbia. Push for more progress by asking friends and social influencers to publicly support LGBT rights. Sign up for Love It Forward.

4. In July 2009, the Senate approved the Matthew Shepard Act, which outlaws hate crimes based on both sexual orientation and gender identity.

5. The Employment Nondiscrimination Act, first passed Congress in 2007, is the act that prohibits discrimination of sexual orientation in the workplace, specifically during hiring.

6. A 2007 Gay Lesbian & Straight Education Network study stated that social victimization increased for all GLBT students of color, racial minority status who attended suburban and rural schools.

7. Of the estimated 1.6 million homeless American youth, approximately 20% identify as LGBT, which is higher than the general LGBT youth population with homes (10%).

8. In 2012, President Obama made US History when he told ABC News, “I think same-sex couples should be able to get married.

9. As of 2014, 13 states have banned gay marriage through law, constitutional amendments, or both.

10. 15 countries currently allow same-sex couples to marry, including the United States (in some states), the Netherlands, South Africa, Canada, Belgium, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, Argentina, Denmark, Uruguay, New Zealand, and France.

11. Colorado is the only state to allow civil unions but not marriage between same-sex couples.

# data[].attributes.headline
The International LGBT Rights Movement: A History by Laura A. Belmonte. - Mihir

# data[].attributes.subject
The International LGBT Rights Movement: A History by Laura A. Belmonte. - Mihir

# data[].attributes.body
The book is divided into eight parts, including an introduction, six chronologically arranged chapters, and a conclusion. In her introduction, Belmonte sets the stage for the transnational LGBT movement. Here, she provides a big picture overview of various facets of LGBT organizing – the challenges, achievements, and complexities. The precise nature of these complexities is explored in subsequent chapters.

# data[].attributes.body
Full list of countries where homosexuality is outlawed:

Afghanistan

Algeria

Antigua & Barbuda

Bangladesh

Barbados

Bhutan

Brunei

Burundi

Cameroon

Chad

Comoros

Cook Islands

Dominica

Egypt

Eritrea

Eswatini

Ethiopia

Gambia

Ghana

Grenada

Guinea

Guyana

Iran

Jamaica

Kenya

Kiribati

Kuwait

Lebanon

Liberia

Libya

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Myanmar

Namibia

Nigeria

Occupied Palestinian Territory (Gaza Strip)

Oman

Pakistan

Papua New Guinea

Qatar

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and The Grenadines

Samoa

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Sudan

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Syria

Tanzania

Togo

Tonga

Tunisia

Turkmenistan

Tuvalu

Uganda

Uzbekistan

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

# data[].attributes.headline
The 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death. - Mihir

# data[].attributes.subject
The 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death. - Mihir

# data[].attributes.body
1. Yemen.
2. Iran.
3. Mauritania.
4. Nigeria.
5. Qatar.
6. Saudi Arabia.
7. Afghanistan.
8. Somalia.
9. Sudan.
10. United Arab Emirates.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Laws Criminalizing Same-Sex Relations between Women- Mihir

# data[].attributes.body
Many countries only criminalize same-sex relations between men. However, at least 38 countries criminalize same-sex conduct regardless of sex or expressly criminalize sexual conduct between women. At least 10 countries have, since 1986, explicitly enacted laws that criminalize sex between women as well as men, sometimes perversely framing this as a gesture toward equality.

This map shows countries that:

Red Dots indicate criminalize same-sex relations between both men and women, including through language like “gross indecency,” which appears to be gender neutral⁴

green Dots indicate criminalize same-sex relations between men

Black Dots indicate the use of vague language such as “carnal knowledge against the order of nature” that in some contexts is understood as anal sex or other sex between men, but that could also be used against women.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Maps of anti-LGBT Laws Country by Country _ Human Rights Watch - Google Chrome 09_12_2021 11_16_07 (2)

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The full map world who accept the LGBT country by country in 2019

# data[].attributes.body
Many of the countries surveyed in 2002 and 2019 have seen a double-digit increase in acceptance of homosexuality. This includes a 21-point increase since 2002 in South Africa and a 19-point increase in South Korea over the same time period. India also saw a 22-point increase since 2014, the first time the question was asked of a nationally representative sample there.

# data[].attributes.headline
bell hooks - Feminist Theory: From Margin to Centre (2000) - Karis

# data[].attributes.subject
bell hooks - Feminist Theory: From Margin to Centre (2000) - Karis

# data[].attributes.body
The author of this book is bell hooks (who does not capitalise her name). hooks is an American activist who has written several theories, such as the Oppositional Gaze and other feminist theories.

In the first section of this book, hooks refers to the ‘feminist struggle’, which is a concept that recurs throughout her texts and theories. It outlines the fact that feminism is not widely respected, which can be attributed to powerful men denouncing it and presenting feminists as ‘silly women’.

However, hooks states that her previous feminist literature work was disrespected by Black feminists, showing that there are discrepancies and critical thinking within feminist circles. As well as emphasising the importance of feminism, bell hooks also deeply examines and unravels the deep rooted white supremacist intentions behind feminism, dating back to the suffragette movement. As racism was rampant throughout society at the time of the feminist movement, Black women were still facing extreme discrimination, despite also being female. hooks states that even though feminism has progressed a lot at the time of writing (i.e. intersectional feminism), there is still the matter of racism embedded within the movement.

# data[].attributes.body
Words / Terms I want to research more

alQaws, the Palestinian group against both occupation and homophobia

Queer Marxism groups

Main Ideas / Concepts Used
The main concepts for this interview are that the ideas of what being a woman means should change over time, as humans evolve and our understanding of gender identity evolves.

Main Argument
The main argument is that people should not be opposed to transgender people, as a trans woman is a real woman and expands the meaning of female gender to an identity that you feel, rather than what was assigned to you at birth. In addition, we are continually assigned gender roles throughout our whole lives - and can be re-assigned by ourselves.

Evidence

These are not always separate groups or identities, but overlapping and interconnected forms of subjugation that oppose racism, misogyny, homophobia, transphobia but also capitalism and its destructions, including the destruction of the Earth and indigenous ways of life.

This is a fact, as all forms of oppression are connected at the root of white supremacy. Climate change and racism are inartistically linked because POC around the world are suffering from the effects of global warming, and Indigenous communities, who have always been protectors of nature, are being destroyed with pipelines and policing. This also ties into misogyny, as the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women issue increases as the policing of reservations increases.

# data[].attributes.body
If i knew nothng about this world and the genders, i would say that the hard labour work like lifting heavy things is for the men and beuty, taking care of oneself would be what reprrsents the female characteristic the  planet.

toys i played with - Action man, gameboy, toy cars

i would say my toys where genderd bias, because an Action man was played by boys same with cars. The gameboy was both gender.

# data[].attributes.body
If you knew nothing about what people are supposed to be like, what does this tell you?

Men - presented as active and daring, on construction sites with other men. Danger, skill, industrial and practical jobs

Women - friendship, lots of talking with other women, wearing makeup, longer hair, passive compared to men. Their role is in the house, decorating and meeting up with friends

How does gender look according to this universe?

Men have active, physical roles in society and are surrounded by other men. Women stay at home and are softer, wear pink and skirts, no active roles.

Can you remember the toys you played with and how they were gendered?

I played with Lego a lot, and I remember there being female lego figures in the regular sets as well. I also liked Moshi Monsters which had a pretty even mix of different styled characters, and even had a non-binary one! (not that I knew what that meant then). I never played with gendered toys because my parents didn't want that for me, so I don't really remember many gendered toys

# data[].attributes.body
concept -  The main concept is about how apple doesn't manufacture in the usa but rather china to reduce all type of cost

main argument- The main argument is that apple workers do have union to protect them from mistreatment they could receive.
Evidence- 'From 2010 to 2012, Steve Jobs made consistent

claims of Apple’s awareness of the high suicide

rates at Foxconn (‘Foxconn suicides’) and that

the problem was under control'
This clearly shows they are pysically and mentally mistreated to be suicidal

what do i think?
I think appple is to blame for being unethical but also i think its a the consumers fault too. They clearly have the informtaion about how iphones are created, so they should automatically stop buying from them. Apple only continues working because nobody stops buying from them.

# data[].attributes.body
Concepts and Ideas
The main concept for this research is about how Apple outsource all their components, materials and labour in order to keep costs as low as possible, with little regard for ethics.

Main Argument
The point that is being made is that Apple are evading the high taxes from making iPhones in the US, and using companies such as Foxconn in China that have a 2% tax rate, and an extremely low cost of labour. There are no workers' unions or state regulations to protect the workers from long hours and dehumanising conditions

Evidence
The research includes a woman who works at Foxconn producing parts for the iPhone on an assembly line, and describes her day:

We get yelled at all the time. It’s very tough around here. We’re trapped in a concentration camp of labour discipline –Foxconn manages us through the principles of ‘obedience, obedience and absolute obedience!’

This proves how inhumane the conditions of working are at this facility, and how despite Steve Jobs urging that the rate of people dying by suicide is 'under control', the conditions are still awful and the rates are still rising.

What do I Think?
The stance of this research is very anti-capitalist and anti-consumerism. Apple have created a monopoly where it is not the fault of the consumer for purchasing a product, but the fault of the company for using unethical conditions and profiting off public money. I agree with the position of this text, as it is public knowledge that Apple use child labour to make their products. However, public action can make a difference - if everyone stopped buying Apple products, their shares and profits would decrease.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Automation Charade - Overselling Automation (Karis)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Automation Charade - Overselling Automation (Karis)

# data[].attributes.body
Words I Want to Know More About:

cybernetic, fauxtomation

Concepts and Ideas
The main concept for this section is how companies threaten underpaid and striking workers with being replaced by a machine. The progress of automation is used in the capitalist systems to keep workers in check and aim to offset them from demanding better pay or conditions.

Main Argument
The point that is being made by this section is that company CEOs and the richest 1% of society don't have to work anywhere near as hard as the employees, yet they enjoy a huge salary profited from the exploitment of working class people.

Evidence
This section discusses how the former CEO of McDonalds; Ed Rensi, used automation as a threat when fast-food workers went on strike in 2013. He said:

If you can’t get people a reasonable wage, you’re going to get machines to do the work…

He then replaced the order counter in his stores with a self-serve touchscreen kiosk, to replace the labour performed by employees.

What do I Think?
I agree with the stance of this article as it highlights how the leaders of big businesses exploit employees with the threat of automation replacements. As the article provided evidence, it proves their point, and shows how this concept works in action.

# data[].attributes.body
It is very confusing

# data[].attributes.body
* I may have misunderstood the text due to how it reads *

# data[].attributes.body
You’ve spent around €15 on this book, which is a price only 20% of people (those earning more than 10 dollars a day) can afford.

Although this is not an affordable book, the author is self-aware of this issue and recognises the injustice. I would not be able to afford a book this price, which connects to the other quote:

If you are reading the electronic version, you are among the 40% who have access to the internet.

This makes the reader aware of their privilege in at least one way, as to be able to even read these words, we must have some form of privilege. - Kz

# data[].attributes.body
It is by realising that we are all culturally biased that we can understand why communication often fails.

Everyone has a different experience of life, due to factors such as ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, ability etc. A cis, straight, white male may not have an amazing life, but his identity is not making it harder for him - and he cannot understand the experiences of those whose identity does affect their life. - Kz

# data[].attributes.body
A design cannot be disconnected from the values and assumptions in which it was created, from the ideologies behind it."

This quote is very relevant as a lot of art and design has political motivations, such as propaganda. However, it is also prevalent today, as advertising companies try and convince us to buy their products by perpetuating consumerism. - Kz