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How the Philippines is using tech to save lives during disasters

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The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. Incorporated as a not-for-profit foundation in 1971, and headquar…

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MANILA-- Countries like the Philippines which have concerns on flooding and traffic congestion, stand to benefit more from the use of fifth-generation or 5G technology, an expert said.

Dr. Henry Chan, a development economist based in Singapore and a senior research fellow at the Cambodia Institute for Cooperation and Peace, said the country is poised to improve its existing key social and economic sectors should it focus on "5G user case application".

"The Philippines, being a developing country, I think can develop and use it for flood control, traffic management, and for agriculture improvement. That is the good thing with 5G because there's no space limitation," he told the Philippine News Agency (PNA) on the sidelines of an Integrated Development Studies Institute forum in Makati City.

5G is an engineered evolution of the 4G, which promises wider application-- from education banking, transportation, and government services among others.

Specific to easing traffic congestion in Manila, Chan said the government can use 5G in mobilizing real-time sensors in every intersection and control the traffic using artificial intelligence (AI) technology.

"You can have it done via remote control. Every intersection, you have sensors, real-time sensors so traffic control centers who are using AI technology gets to improve the speed of vehicle flow," he said.

"5G allows you to have a video in every intersection without cabling because it's wireless transmission, so you have real-time monitoring of traffic, you have a real-time adjustment of traffic light so the traffic flow would be much better," he added.

Chan said 5G could also enhance the country's disaster risk reduction policies and expand its monitoring capabilities, much like in its application on traffic management.

"In the case of flooding in the Philippines, I feel that if you can put censors along the river, any overflowing, you could immediately be alerted," he said. (PNA)

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5G tech can ease traffic, address flood in PH: expert

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MANILA-- Countries like the Philippines which have concerns on flooding and traffic congestion, stand to benefit more from the use of fifth-generation or 5G technology, an expert said.Dr. Henry Chan, a development economist based in Singapore and a senior research fellow at the Cambodia...

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Output by: SANTOS, Noellie Simounne H. | 1BMT
Submitted to: Sir Jayson G. Chaves
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (STS)
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (Alternative Assessment)

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Alviera. (n.d.). Pampanga, Philippines. https://www.alviera.ph/news/pampanga-philippines/.

Alviera. (n.d.). Pampanga History. https://www.alviera.ph/news/pampanga-history/.

bursky. (2012). Sto. Tomas affected by dike breach, flooding map of Pampanga. https://santotomaspampanga.wordpress.com/2012/08/08/sto-tomas-affected-by-dike-breach-flooding-map-of-pampanga/.

Cervantes, D. (2020). 124 barangays in Pampanga remain flooded after Ulysses. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/11/16/2057220/124-barangays-pampanga-remain-flooded-after-ulysses.

Dames, J. (2019). More floods, more effective flood-fighting technology. https://www.domesticpreparedness.com/preparedness/more-floods-more-effective-flood-fighting-technology/.

Davis, B. (2021). What are positive impacts of agricultural technology? https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-are-positive-impacts-of-agricultural-technology/.

Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute. (2019). Expanded National Nutrition Survey: 2019 results. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/uploads/2019%20ENNS%20Provincial%20Dissemination%20-%20Pampanga.pdf.

Feeding America. (n.d.). Hunger and food insecurity. https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/food-insecurity.

GPS. gov. (n.d.). Agriculture. https://www.gps.gov/applications/agriculture/.

Island Philippines. (n.d.). Pampanga economy. https://islandsphilippines.com/region3/pampanga/economy.php.

Maches, D. (2020). Best 20+ Pampanga tourist sports you should not miss and things to do. https://danielsecotravels.com/tourist-spots-in-pampanga-province/.

Manila Bulletin. (2013). 223 Pampanga areas flood-prone. https://ph.news.yahoo.com/223-pampanga-areas-flood-prone-213140539.html.

One Euphoria Residences. (n.d.). Investor information. https://1euphoria.com/angeles-clark-infrastructure/.

PhilAtlas. (n.d.). Pampanga. https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r03/pampanga.html.

Philippine Daily Inquirer. (2020). Anxiety, depression stalk communities struggling with hunger. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1251276/anxiety-depression-stalk-communities-struggling-with-hunger.

PTV News. (2018). New Pagasa mobile app to benefit farmers, fisherfolk. https://ptvnews.ph/new-pagasa-mobile-app-benefit-farmers-fisherfolk/.

Sharma, N. & Mungarwal, A. (2019). Applying modern tech to agriculture. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/agriculture/applying-modern-tech-to-agriculture-66017.

The Japan Times. (2020). More afraid of hunger: COVID-19 rules causing many in Philippines to starve. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/12/09/asia-pacific/philippines-covid19-hunger/.

UN Environment Programme. (n.d.). Goal 15: life on land. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-15.

Welthungerhilfe. (2021). Hunger: facts & figures. https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/hunger/.

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Floods. https://www.who.int/health-topics/floods#tab=tab_1.

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For as long as these innovations are not used for other than its intended purpose, there will be little to no negative impacts.

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1. Increased safety and protection

2. Reduced mortality rate

3. Better disaster (flooding) preparedness and response

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Being constantly exposed to typhoons throughout the entire year, the Philippines frequently experiences flooding in all corners of the country. Social media has always been a powerful tool for coordination and communication among members of a society especially when disasters strike. Advancements such as surveillance technology, flood mapping technology, connectivity technology, and situational awareness technology are considered pivotal flood-response technologies that help develop real-time responses to major flooding events. For as long as these innovations are not used for other than its intended purpose, there will be little to no negative impacts. However, settling with these advancements should not hinder individuals from further enhancing them for it to be flexible with the wordly conditions that are susceptible to change.

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How the Philippines is empowering farmers with tech

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The Philippines is keen to revolutionize its agriculture industry and empower fishers and farmers to be more digitally-enabled through its online portal.

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GUIYANG - Agriculture industry originally relies on manual labor but certain integrations of technology into the sector has definitely leveraged its own growth and development.

In other countries, for instance, they have started to roll out particular innovations in order to boost their agricultural systems.

China, which is known for its massive landscapes of grasslands and mountains, has been integrating technology into the development of their agriculture, particularly kiwifruits or kiwi.

The Asian giant is reclaiming the fruit as their own since the seeds originally came from them, and not in New Zealand as the misconception.

In Guizhou province, they have developed the Traceability Management System for Agricultural Products in Xiuwen County.

This system gathers any kind of information relevant to the kiwi plantation's environment, from its climate to soil pH levels. It also monitors if the kiwifruit trees have diseases or not.

Furthermore, detailed data on each fruit is collected and stored for analysis-such as its size, sugar content and sugar-acid ratio.

Technology for innovation

While the Philippines has yet to fully improve and develop its own agricultural sector, there have been initiatives done to help farmers through technology as well.

F1 hybrid seeds have been used in corn production in the Caraga region. It is to "ensure sustainable production in prime corn lands," raise the average yields of corns per hectare and increase the income of marginal corn farmers in the region.

Other papaya-producing countries like Taiwan have similarly incorporated F1 hybrid seeds into their production. According to reports, it has resulted in "high-yielding" and "great tasting" papayas.

Intelligent farming equipment has also helped farmers increase their field productivity. One example is the WR-801 Multi-Function Hand Tractor that can do the job of ten people at once.

The machine can perform weeding, double-row tilling for fertilizer application, rotavation and furrow forming for corn fields and vegetable plots.

The country also completed what could be considered its "first and biggest" solar-powered irrigation system last May 2018. Piñol said that it could irrigate up to 500,000 hectares.

On the same month, Japanese-made drones have been utilized in three Benguet towns to spray fertilizer on vegetable farms located on mountain slopes. It was intended to lessen the farmers' hours in the field.

The government also created a website specifically designed to help farmers in crop planning. Called Farmers Guide Map, it assists farmers in identifying suitable crops to be planted on their lands. It also provides data on climate conditions and soil adaptability.

In addition, different applications have also been developed as well.

Rice Crop Manager app, a web-based platform, provides recommendations to farmers in crop management based on their own farm conditions.

AgriDOC app enables farmers to record their activities and monitor farm inputs, improve their farm tasking and guide them in farm management.

KROPS app lets farmers market their own products at their own prices and help potential buyers find sources of farm products within their own area.
Editor's note: The trip to China was hosted by the Chinese embassy to promote tourism. At no stage does the host organization have a say on the stories generated from the coverage, interviews conducted, publication date and story treatment. Content is produced solely by Interaksyon.com following editorial guidelines.

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How technology is innovating agriculture in the Philippines

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GUIYANG - Agriculture industry originally relies on manual labor but certain integrations of technology into the sector has definitely leveraged its own growth and development. In other countries, for instance, they have started to roll out particular innovations in order to boost their agricultural systems. China, which is known for its massive landscapes of grasslands and mountains, has been integrating technology into the development of their agriculture, particularly kiwifruits or kiwi.

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1. Reduced fertility of land (due to excessive use of chemicals by machines)

2. Bigger expenditure for maintenance of technology

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1. Food affordability

2. Higher crop productivity

3. Energy preservation

4. Decreased use of water, fertilizer, and pesticide

5. Reduced impact on natural ecosystems

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In order to help farmers, technological advancements have been made for their work to become faster and easier. These include mobile apps that display the latest weather and climate information (e.g., Payong PAGASA), crop sensors that help effectively apply fertilizers, and GPS-driven precision farming equipment that aid in farm planning, field mapping, soil sampling, tractor guidance, croup scouting, variable rate applications, and yield mapping. Although technology’s aim is originally for the betterment of society, it will inevitably come with negative consequences that can cause irreversible damage on the environment.

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It is a known fact that agriculture has always played a significant role in the economy of the Philippines. As majority of the food consumed by Filipinos are those of agricultural products such as rice, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, and mangoes, there is an indispensable factor that is in charge of producing the aforementioned food for human and animal consumption. These people are known as farmers—the essential workers who should be given more recognition, appreciation, and credit due to their major contributions in the development of the country. As stated under SDG 2: Zero Hunger, supporting sustainable agriculture and empowering small farmers is part of the plan to eradicate all forms of hunger. However, due to the restrictions brought about by the pandemic, food production has lessened, which subsequently affected the food supply and demand.

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The picture on the left shows the Magat Dam as it continued to release water from its spillway even after Typhoon Ulysses has passed. At the time, around 124 barangays in Pampanga were flooded due to the heavy rain.

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According to the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC), a number of barangays in 14 towns and in one city of Pampanga were identified as high-risk areas for flood. Based on the picture, Barangay Floridablanca has the highest number of barangays that are prone to flooding among all identified barangays.

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The map of flooded areas and affected families in Pampanga shows the municipalities that had floods reported in red and no floods reported in pink last 2012. Aside from that, the map also reveals the number of affected families, which increases as the shade of green darkens. Based on the picture, there were 12 out of 20 municipalities in Pampanga that had floods reported. Moreover, there was a large number of families that were affected in the municipality of Minalin and the areas surrounding it.

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According to DOST-FNRI, one out of two (51.5%) households in Pampanga experienced acute food insecurity while three out of ten (31.9%) households in Pampanga experienced chronic food insecurity. Moreover, food insecurity was evident in households with poor wealth status.

Visit this site to read more: http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/uploads/2019%20ENNS%20Provincial%20Dissemination%20-%20Pampanga.pdf

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by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Food and Nutrition Research Institute

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The bar graph above shows the data garnered from the questionnaire given by DOST-FNRI. Kapampangans were asked about their perception over food situations, resources, or supply, as well as their self-reported month-long experience. Based on the picture, majority (45.9%) of the respondents from Pampanga were worried about food.

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by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Food and Nutrition Research Institute

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The bar graph above shows the same portion of data garnered from the questionnaire given by DOST-FNRI. Kapampangans were categorized into four groups in accordance with their status: food secure, mildy food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure. Based on the picture, majority (26.6%) of the food insecure respondents from Pampanga were categorized under moderately food insecure.

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by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Food and Nutrition Research Institute

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The bar graph above shows a portion of the data garnered from the disseminated questionnaire entitled Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) given by DOST-FNRI last 2019. Based on the picture, 48.5% of the population of Kapampangans were food secure while 51.5% were food insecure. With more than half of the population experiencing the deprivation, this supports the need for Pampanga to take action towards achieving the targets under SDG 2: Zero Hunger.

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Technological Advancements and their Impacts

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Technological Advancements and their Impacts

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Home SDG Tracker Goal 15: Life on land

Sustainable Development Goal 15

Forest cover

Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Target: "By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services."¹

Unlike most SDGs which have a target year of 2030, this indicator was set to be achieved by 2020.

Protection of important biodiversity areas

Protected areas are covered by three indicators: the proportion of total terrestrial area classified as protected; proportion of key terrestrial biodiversity areas that are protected; and proportion key freshwater biodiversity areas that are protected.

Target: "By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services."¹

Unlike most SDGs which have a target year of 2030, this indicator was set to be achieved by 2020.

Sustainable forest management

Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is composed of five sub-indicators that measure progress towards all dimensions of sustainable forest management.

Three sub-indicators focus on the expansion of forest area, above-ground biomass within the forest area and the protection of forest biodiversity. The fourth relates to the availability of a long-term forest management plan; and the final indicator measures areas which are independently verified for compliance with a set of national or international standards.

Target: "By 2020 promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally."

Unlike most SDGs which have a target year of 2030, this indicator was set to be achieved by 2020.

End land degradation

This indicator is assessed using three sub-indicators:

i) Trends in land cover: An example of land degradation due to land cover change is the conversion of forests into croplands or settlements.

ii) Trends in land productivity: Land productivity is measured in terms of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation. Land is considered degraded in terms of productivity if its NPP is less than half the value of the 90th percentile NPP in the same region.

iii) Carbon stock: This is considered degraded if there is a net reduction of 10% or more in soil organic carbon between the baseline and current observations.

If any of the sub-indicators is deemed degraded for a specific land unit, it will be classified as degraded, pending validation by national authorities.

Target: "By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world."

Coverage of important sites for mountain biodiversity

This indicator measures the average share of each important site for mountain biodiversity that is covered by designated protected areas. The indicator does not measure the effectiveness of protected areas in reducing biodiversity loss, which depends on a range of management and enforcement factors.

Target: "By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development."

Vegetation coverage of mountainous areas

The Mountain Green Cover Index measures the percentage of mountainous areas covered by some form of green vegetation.

The Index measures the changes of the green vegetation in mountain areas - i.e. forest, shrubs, trees, pasture land, crop land, etc. - in order to monitor progress on the mountain target. This is monitored through high resolution satellite imagery.

Target: "By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development."

Species extinction risk

The Red List Index (RLI) shows the trends in overall extinction risk for groups of species. An RLI value of 1.0 equates to all species in the group being categorised as 'Least Concern', and hence that none are expected to go extinct in the near future. A value of 0 indicates that all species have gone extinct.

Target: "Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species."

Benefits of sharing genetic resources

This indicator is measured through several sub-indicators that track countries' participation in protocols concerned with the promotion and sharing of genetic resources for plants, food and agriculture, such as the Nagoya Protocol and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources.

Target: "By 2030 promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed."

Wildlife poaching and trafficking

Internationally comparable data on this indicator is not currently available, and is thus not reported here.

Target: "Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products."

Prevent invasive alien species

Alien species are those which have been introduced outside their natural distribution range through either intentional or accidental dispersion by human activity.

Invasive alien species impact native biodiversity thorugh competition for resources, predation, hybridisation, disease transmission, parasitism, herbivory and trampling and rooting. The outcomes of these impacts lead to biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and loss of ecosystem services.

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: "By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species."

Unlike most SDG targets which are set to be achieved by 2030, this indicator was to be achieved by 2020.

Integration of ecosystem and biodiversity in planning

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualizations.

Target: "By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts."

Unlike most SDG targets which are set to be achieved by 2030, this indicator was to be achieved by 2020.

Official development assistance for biodiversity

This indicator is reported as the annual official development assistance (ODA) for biodiversity by recipient, and value of assistance by donor.

Official development assistance refers to flows to countries and territories on the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and to multilateral institutions which meet a set of criteria related to the source of the funding, the purpose of the transaction, and the concessional nature of the funding.

Although they are different indicators the data to track both 15.a.1 and 15.b.1 is currently the same.

Target: "Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems."

Official development assistance for forest management

This indicator is reported as the annual official development assistance (ODA) for biodiversity by recipient, and value of assistance by donor.

Official development assistance refers to flows to countries and territories on the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and to multilateral institutions which meet a set of criteria related to the source of the funding, the purpose of the transaction, and the concessional nature of the funding.

Although they are different indicators the data to track both 15.a.1 and 15.b.1 is currently the same.

Target: "Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation."

Poaching and trafficking wildlife

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 15.c.1 is the "proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked", in the UN SDG framework.

Internationally comparable data on this indicator is not currently available, and is thus not reported here.

Target: "Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities."

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Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss

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Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 15

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Food and agriculture are at the heart of civilization and prosperity. Yet, agriculture faces multiple challenges: a world population expected to grow to 9 billion by 2050, smaller rural labor force, soil quality degradation, climate change, food wastage, water scarcity, biofuel production and changing lifestyles leading to urbanization and more protein-intensive diets. Furthermore, agricultural productivity increases would ensure food security for everyone only if access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food is secured. The growing pressure on global food systems constitutes a critical development challenge and creates an increasing risk for businesses, governments, communities and the environment. In this context, business has become a critical partner for governments and other stakeholders to design and deliver effective, scalable and practical solutions for secure and sustainable food and agriculture system.

Business can contribute to solving these challenges, eradicating hunger and improving food and agriculture systems. Implementing sustainable practices and working in partnership with other actors throughout the agricultural value chain (including input, production, distribution and retail) will be key to the implementation of SDG2. In particular, empowering small farmers, increasing agricultural productivity and farmers' livelihoods, rising consumers' awareness and increasing agricultural investment as well as knowledge sharing will be necessary elements of better functioning food and agriculture systems.

Healthy and affordable food

Food labeling, safety and prices

Sustainable sourcing

Genetic diversity of farmed and domesticated animals

Labor practices in the supply chain

The below examples are non-exhaustive and some may be more relevant to certain industries than to others.

Supporting, encouraging and demonstrating the continued viability of small scale farming, sustaining grower communities by developing partnerships with cooperatives and producer organizations supporting many small farmers. For larger businesses, establishing long-term business relationships that support small scale producers.

Investing in sustainable agricultural technology, intensifying collaboration with academic as well as scientific institutions.

Demonstrating support to genetic diversity of seeds, plants and animals and report on company's contribution to biodiversity.

Fostering knowledge, experience and data sharing among businesses and other actors, contributing to global data platforms collecting and sharing agricultural information and statistics with all actors along the agricultural value chain including farmers.

Upholding highest standards of sustainably in sourcing practices, enhancing traceability of commodities and demonstrating transparency in agricultural supply chain.

GRI G4 Food Processing Sector Disclosures, FP2: Percentage of purchased volume which is verified as being in accordance with credible, internationally recognized responsible production standards, broken down by standard

GRI G4 Food Processing Sector Disclosures, FP5: Percentage of production volume manufactured in sites certified by an independent third party according to internationally recognized food safety management system standards

GRI G4 Food Processing Sector Disclosures, former FP4: Nature, scope and effectiveness of any programs and practices (in-kind contributions, volunteer initiatives, knowledge transfer, partnerships and product development) that promote access to healthy lifestyles; the prevention of chronic disease; access to healthy, nutritious and affordable food; and improved welfare for communities in need

UN Global Compact- Oxfam Poverty Footprint, PF-16.5: i) Approximate percentage of rural farming households (headed by men/ by women) with sustained access to land, including commons where relevant ii) Trend in recent years (increasing, decreasing, stable) iii) Approximate proportions of smallholders (m/w) in value chain which has secured legal title to land

The complete overview of business indicators can be found at Business Indicators

IGD Impact Measurement Framework

Human Rights Impact Assessment and Management (HRIAM)

Human Rights Compliance Assessment (HRCA)

Human Rights and Business Country Guide

The complete overview of business tools can be found at Business Tools

2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round

2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving by 2025 the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under five years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, and older persons

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and the incomes of small-scale food producers, particularly women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets, and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment

2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters, and that progressively improve land and soil quality

2.5 By 2020, maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional and international levels, and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge as internationally agreed

2.a. Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development, and plant and livestock gene banks to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular in least developed countries

2.b. Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets including by the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round

2.c. Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives, and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility

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SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

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Food and agriculture are at the heart of civilization and prosperity. Yet, agriculture faces multiple challenges: a world population expected to grow to 9 billion by 2050, smaller rural labor force, soil quality degradation, climate change, food wastage, water scarcity, biofuel production and changing lifestyles leading to urbanization and more protein-intensive diets.

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End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

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Another SDG, particularly SDG 15: Life in Land, focuses on managing forests sustainability, putting an end to and reversing land and natural habitat degradation, combating desertification, and stopping biodiversity loss. This involves regulating water flow and erosion control which consequently contributes to reducing the risks of natural disasters such as flood.

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Deprivation Explanation and Importance of Addressing The Issue

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Deprivation Explanation and Importance of Addressing The Issue

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The Philippines is known to be one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, droughts, and most especially, floods, often occur within its area. The last mentioned disaster was given emphasis for it is a persisting problem experienced by locals who reside in Pampanga. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry.” Based on the location of the country, the most common causes of floods in the Philippines are either due to heavy rainfall or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone. As Pampanga is home to the second largest and fifth longest river in Luzon as well as other water forms, it is susceptible to floods which can cause widespread devastation by deleteriously impacting human lives and damaging personal properties. Therefore, of all Filipinos living in the archipelago, Kapampangans must be the most knowledgeable, cautious, and prepared to face floods. In order to achieve this, there must be an established disaster preparedness and management plan that is efficient and feasible.

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In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that serve as a universal call to address worldwide problems and to ensure actions are executed to alleviate the effects caused by the problems. One of the SDGs, namely SDG 2: Zero Hunger, aims to achieve the culmination of all forms of hunger and malnutrition by the end of 2030. This involves supplying sufficient and nutritious food, promoting sustainable agriculture, supporting small-scale farmers, and providing equal access to land, technology, and markets.

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Deprivation Explanation and Importance of Addressing The Issue

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Deprivation Explanation and Importance of Addressing The Issue

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Despite being the Culinary Capital of the country, Pampanga continues to experience detrimental issues concerning hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition, which has heightened over the course of the pandemic. Hunger, as defined in the United Nation’s Hunger Report, is a term that refers to “periods when populations are experiencing severe food insecurity” due to lack of access to food, lack of money, or other resources (Action Against Hunger, n.d.). Moreover, the lack of consistent access to adequate supplies of food will result in food insecurity. Given these information, the cause of hunger is not brought about by a shortage of food, but rather, the access to it. According to Welthungerhilfe (2021), hunger exists because of the following seven reasons: (1) natural disasters, (2) poverty, (3) wars and conflicts, (4) inequality, (5) biased global trade, (6) poor governance, and (7) waste of resources and climate change. When hunger is often felt and experienced by individuals who have minimal to no access to food, it can ultimately lead to malnutrition. This condition arises as a consequence to poor nutrition, wherein an individual’s diet does not contain the proper amount of nutrients needed by the body. Furthermore, since hunger is inextricably linked to poverty, people who live in impoverished areas are at the greatest risk for malnutrition.

Prior to the emergence of COVID-19, hunger was a preexisting global problem more evidently manifested in developing countries such as the Philippines. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization reported that approximately 59 million Filipinos were moderately or severely food insecure between 2017 until 2019 (The Japan Times, 2020). Currently, the successive lockdowns that limit people’s access to commodities have severely affected the lives of many Filipinos and has led to their inability to provide food for their families. In a news report written last March 2020, a man from San Fernando, Pampanga attempted to jump to his death which was driven by feelings of anxiety and depression because he had not been able to feed his loved ones for consecutive days during quarantine (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2020). As hunger remains an unwavering situation in the province of Pampanga, the need for an urgent response to raise awareness and to combat and diminish its effects becomes paramount.

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Deprivation in Pampanga: Hunger, Food Insecurity, Malnutrition

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Deprivation in Pampanga: Hunger, Food Insecurity, Malnutrition

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Feature written by: BusinessWorld

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As Metro Manila struggles with the country's continued economic growth, developments of another kind are happening in Pampanga. As one of the areas included in the government's massive Build, Build, Build infrastructure program, the culinary capital of the Philippines is having a turn at the spotlight.

Billions of pesos from the public and private sectors are surging into the Clark Freeport area, from the construction of additional property estates, to the various attractions, recreational venues, and local businesses that have popped up in anticipation of the Clark International Airport's expansion.

The Clark International Airport New Terminal Building had begun construction in the fourth quarter of 2017 and is slated for completion in 2020. The goal of the project, under the government's infrastructure plan, is to provide a new mass transport system to help solve congestion in the country's main urban centers, and create interconnectivity in the whole archipelago. Other infrastructure projects in the area include the Manila-Clark Railway and the Subic-Clark Railway.

New Clark City, a planned community in Capas, Tarlac, is rising up to be a national cultural beacon and could become a key destination in the ASEAN region, as the main host of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games. Also one of the big ticket projects of the Build, Build, Build program, New Clark City upon completion will be the country's first smart, green and disaster-resilient city. It will feature a mixed use area consisting of residential, commercial, agro-industrial, educational institutions, and information technology developments.

Key infrastructure developments in Clark are boosting Central Luzon's gross domestic product (GDP). According to the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), the government body in charge of the area's development, Central Luzon's economic output grew to 9.3% in 2017, almost 3% higher than the country's GDP of 6.7% for the same year.

Foreign investors are looking in, and international names like the Marriott Hotel, Sunvalley Hilton, and Aqua Planet are shaping the future landscape of Clark Freeport.

According to a statement by BCDA, Central Luzon business chambers are attributing the growth to the high-impact projects like New Clark City, the Clark International Airport, the Manila-Clark Railway and the Subic-Clark Railway.

"I commend the Duterte administration for making Clark a part of the country's economic strategy as the region has been experiencing an influx of new businesses and investments for the past five years," Pampanga Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc. President Jess Nicdao said.

Mr. Nicdao also noted the huge potential of Clark International Airport as a major gateway with the passenger capacity expected to increase to 8 million a year upon completion of the new terminal building.

"Passengers coming from north of Metro Manila are using the airport as it is more convenient compared to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport," Mr. Nicdao said.

Elsewhere in Pampanga, local developers are rushing to keep up with the demand for new properties located in the river province. Pampanga's potential as a national economic powerhouse is creating a demand for residential and commercial spaces that real estate developers like Filinvest, SMDC, and Megaworld are loathe to pass up.

Among them, properties like Ayala Land's Alviera, a 1,125-hectare integrated township located in the municipality of Porac; Century Properties' The Resort Residences at Azure North, a 8-hectare mixed-use development in line with its Azure Urban Resort concept in Parañaque; Vista Land's Camella Homes project, which continues to build communities throughout the province, are giving Filipinos the incentive to leave the hectic life of Metro Manila behind in favor of Pampanga's distinctive allure.

Historically, Pampanga has always been an important province to the country. During the Spanish regime, it was one of the richest Philippine provinces, functioning as a trading hub for Manila and its surrounding region. Kapampangan agricultural, fishery and forestry products as well as on the supply of skilled workers were abundant. It also played a key role for the Americans during their occupation, and even served as a critical base of operations during the second world war.

A province of rich history and culture, Pampanga still holds the prestige as home to some of the Philippines' most prominent people. From presidents like Diosdado Macapagal, and his daughter, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to artists like acclaimed movie director Brillante Mendoza and esteemed singer Lea Salonga, the province has given the Philippines so much of its identity. Despite all this, as more attention is given to it and the more it grows as a center of economic activity, clearly Pampanga can still offer much more. - Bjorn Biel M. Beltran

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Pampanga: A beacon of Philippine culture, history, economy - BusinessWorld Online

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As Metro Manila struggles with the country's continued economic growth, developments of another kind are happening in Pampanga. As one of the areas included in the government's massive Build, Build, Build infrastructure program, the culinary capital of the Philippines is having a turn at the spotlight.

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News written by: Joey Roi Bondoc

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Pampanga has seen massive growth over the past couple of years, facilitated primarily by various infrastructure projects in the province and nearby areas.

Its key cities and municipalities, including Angeles, San Fernando, Porac and Mabalacat, have cornered property investments from homegrown and national players. This indicates that developers are ready to capture a thriving demand in Pampanga-a demand likely to evolve given the locals' growing purchasing power and discerning preferences.

As I noted in my previous piece on Pampanga, its take-off as a key business hub outside Metro Manila has partly been constricted by the lack of supporting infrastructure, chief among which is a high-speed train that would connect the country's capital to key cities and municipalities such as Angeles, Mabalacat and San Fernando.

Realizing the importance of connectivity in stimulating business activities in the area, the national government lined up a number of projects that Colliers believes should play a significant role in transforming Pampanga into the country's next major economic corridor.

Condominium market gaining traction

The residential landscape in Pampanga is still primarily horizontal (house and lot).

The vertical (condominium) market is still in its infancy but Colliers sees a more aggressive construction of vertical projects over the next three to six years especially within integrated communities that will be developed by national players in the province's key cities. These residential condominium projects will redefine Pampanga's property landscape moving forward.

Over the near to medium term, we see Pampanga becoming a major destination for condominium development in the entire Central Luzon region as these residential towers complement the office, retail and industrial projects in the pipeline. Among the property developers that have established presence in Pampanga is Rockwell Land. The company partnered with Juan D. Nepomuceno Realty Group to develop the first Rockwell Center outside Metro Manila which will feature Power Plant Mall Angeles.

Infrastructure to boost demand

Colliers believes that the condominium market in Pampanga will become more vibrant with the completion of infrastructure projects that should spur business activities in the province and hence drive the demand for residential support.

Office market to buoy residential demand

Clark is a major recipient of outsourcing investments outside Manila. Interest in the freeport zone and nearby cities such as San Fernando, Angeles, and Mabalacat has been rising due to skilled workforce, competitive wages and availability of office towers. Among the major locators in the area are Majorel, Alorica, Cloudstaff, Convergys, iQor, Sutherland, TaskUs, TATA Consultancy, Teletech, Stellar, and VXI.

Unlocking land values

Overall, the enhancement of the country's infrastructure backbone should unlock land values in urban areas outside of the country's capital including Metro Clark. This should dictate the strategies of local and national developers. And with Metro Clark being a major beneficiary of the government's "Build, Build, Build" program, we see more developers gravitating towards the region over the medium to long term.

Happy Birthday to my boss, Colliers Philippines managing director Richard Raymundo, who turns ___ on Oct. 24!

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Pampanga as the country's next major economic corridor

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Pampanga has seen massive growth over the past couple of years, facilitated primarily by various infrastructure projects in the province and nearby areas. Its key cities and municipalities, including Angeles, San Fernando, Porac and Mabalacat, have cornered property investments from homegrown and national players.

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Home to culinary experts, Pampanga has farming, fishing, and food processing industries that are large contributing factors to its thriving economy. These industries produce the abundant supply of rice, corn, sugar cane, tilapia, and meat not only for its locals, but also for the entire country. In addition, cottage industries specializing in woodcarving, furniture-making, guitars, and handicrafts are also supported by the province.

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According to the Philippines Statistics Office in 2016, Central Luzon, a region where Pampanga can be located, was highlighted due to its achievement in reaching a higher than the national average economic growth. At the time, the national average was 6.5% while Luzon’s gross domestic product increased by 9.5%.

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Starting from ages 5 and beyond, around 1,752,543 individuals were able to attain a certain level of education among the 1,802,566 people recorded. Furthermore, 47,880 individuals were not able to complete any grade while 2,143 individuals did not state their highest educational attainment.

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Last 2016, the annual regular revenue of the province of Pampanga was ₱2,700,334,650.72. The annual regular income can be computed by adding the locally sourced revenue, the internal revenue allotment of the current year, and other shares from National Tax Collection.

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In Pampanga, the total household population, ages 10 and above, is comprised of 1,584,809 individuals as of 2010. There are 655,237 single individuals, 788,787 married individuals, 64,776 widowed individuals, 23,201 divorced or separated individuals, 50,860 live-in individuals, and 1,948 individuals did not state their marital status.

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As of 2010, the male population was higher compared to that of the females—there were 1,019,493 individual males while there were 994,526 individual females. Back then, the male sex ratio for every 100 females was therefore 102.5

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Majority of the Kapampangan population are Roman Catholics, followed by a small percentage of Iglesia Ni Kristo and Protestants. Other individuals follow other Christian religions, while the smallest percentage would comprise of those who are Islam.

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Based on the monthly update from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) last 2010, the total population of Pampanga was 2,014,019. The highest proportion of age group was from 15 to 64, while the smallest proportion of age group was from 65 and above.

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All mentioned places are found within this area of the Philippines.

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Blog written by: Jojo Vito

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Here's an updated Pampanga Tourist Attractions | Travel Guide. This post aimed at helping people who wish to visit this beautiful province.

ABOUT PAMPANGA

Before we travel, let's have quick trivia about Pampanga.

Trivia:

Pampanga is located in the Central Luzon region. The capital of it is the City of San Fernando, Pampanga.

Pampanga is near with Bataan and Zambales to the west, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast. It also lies on the northern shore of Manila Bay.

Angeles City is classified as a first-class, highly-urbanized city. Although the place is within Pampanga, the place has own government independent of Pampanga.

Diosdado Macapagal International Airport is located at Clark Freeport Zone in Angeles and Mabalacat City.

Pampanga is known as the "The Culinary of the Philippines".

Pampanga has two Philippine Air Force air bases: Basa Air Base located in Florida Blanca, and the other one is the former U.S. Clark Air Base found in Angeles City.

Now that we know about some facts, let us travel Pampanga. Here is your 2019 PAMPANGA TOURIST ATTRACTIONS | TRAVEL GUIDE.

PAMPANGA TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

"Mekeni tuki ka. Mamasyal ta Pampanga!"

The Kapampangan slogan above means "Come, join me. Let's travel Pampanga." Pampanga Tourist Attractions are among the most exciting places and events in the Philippines.

Mt. Pinatubo (Pampanga Tourist Attractions | Travel Guide )

One of the most popular Pampanga Tourist Attractions is the Mount Pinatubo. For the adventurous souls, trekking to Mount Pinatubo is a must-experience adventure. You can try this trip and avail a Mount Pinatubo day tour package. Most travel packages include transfers from Manila to Mount Pinatubo and vice versa.

This water-theme park located at Clark Freeport one has 10 water park features with six kinds of waves as high as three feet. There is also a slide which is known as the Big Horn - a slide wherein you will ride a floating tube that twists and turn before you splash in a four-foot-deep pool. This Pampanga Tourist Attraction has water park features such as an idle river, three giant aqua exciting slides, a water factory, an Olympic-size pool, a hot spring and a lagoon pool, a refreshing water cottage slide, and a kiddie pool.

Contact Details:
Fontana Hot Spring Leisure Parks
CM Recto Highway, Clark Freeport Zone 2023, Pampanga, Philippines
Contact Numbers : Tel No: 63 (45) 599-5000 | Fax No: 63 (2) 843-9123 Mobile: 63 917 553 7598

Are you up for some trekking? Then visiting the Miyamit Falls, located in Porac, Pampanga would be great for you. Although ATVs are available, it's better to walk for four hours to enjoy and to be amazed by the beauty of nature. Just make sure to garb properly when deciding to on trekking and don't forget to wear the right shoes.

Photo credits: Deca Wakeboard Park

If going to Nuvali or Davao is difficult for you, you can try this place if you want to experience wakeboarding. This place is open from 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.

Contact Details:
Address: Brgy. Margot, Angeles City
Contact Numbers: +63 (905) 330-1013 Globe | +63 (918) 459-8488 Smart
Email: decawakeparks@outlook.com
Facebook: @DecaWakeboardParkResortAndResidences
Website: decawakeboardpark.com

Pradera Wake Park is built in Prado Siongco in Lubao. The place uses regeneration lake wherein it is clean 24 hours and it does not use any chemicals. It also has villas and hotel rooms waiting for guests who would want to stay during their visit. Aside from the wake park, it has an 18-hole golf course.
Contact Details:
Address: Prado, Siongco , Lubao, Pampanga 2005, Philippines
Contact Number: +63 917 447 1214

Pampanga Tourist Attraction (Photo credits The Sandbox FB Page)

This place has Avatar One, a roller coaster zip line with 180 meters long and 12 meters high. The SandBox also offers a Giant Swing and Aerial Walk Challenge which challenges your agility, balance, and flexibility through nets and rope walkways. Also, it has an Adventure Tower, a 15-meter structure that offers rappelling, wall climbing, and free falling. Other attractions include ATV rides and outdoor archery.

This 50-hectare zoo and theme park has the following features: a labyrinth and a garden maze full of animal topiaries, a unique gallery of stuffed real animals preserved, Zooc, a gravity car track that has a unique steering and braking system that can maneuver the gravity car down the 400-meter track.
The entrance fee costs 350 pesos per person.
Contact Details:
Address: Pampanga, Clark Freeport, Angeles, Pampanga
Contact Number: 0922 717 2402
Website: clarkfreeportmarketing.com

Photo credits Dinosaurs Island FB page

Kids and adults will surely love the Dinosaurs Island because the place offers a life-size, moving dinosaur displays, a Fossil Museum and a World of Fun. It also has an Adventure Ride wherein you can ride an imitation of the extinct creature, a Jurassic Safari Ride wherein you can experience being chased by a dinosaur, a 7D Super Screen Theater, and the replicas of the Wonders of the World.

If you want to try Baguio in Pampanga, then you should try the Paradise Ranch. With the beautiful scenery of the place, you and your family will surely have fun. At Paradise Ranch, you can feed the fishes, check out the butterflies in the Butterfly Kingdom, walk through their aviary to see the magnificent peacock, ostriches, and the well-known "Ibong Adarna."

Contact Details:
Contact Number: 0922-717-2402
Website: paradiseranch-clark.com

The Hot Air Balloon Festival is one of the most talked about festival in the country (Pampanga Tourist Attractions | Travel Guide)

This festival can be seen during January or February in Clark Freeport Zone and March in Lubao, Pampanga. You can ride a hot air balloon. Aside from riding it, it has a lot of activities such as kite flying, gliding, skydiving, powered paragliding, and searching and rescuing flight demonstrations. It also offers aviation exercises and aircraft exhibitions. This exciting festival is already one of the most celebrated Pampanga Tourist Attractions.
NAYONG FILIPINO
This 45-hectare tourist attraction has replicas of the Philippines' most well-known sights, a miniature version of Magellan's Cross and Chocolate Hills, and the statutes of our national heroes and political figures. It also has the Mabini House wherein you can see the mini-museum of Pampanga artifacts, which was used in the Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Period and the Metal Age Period. Opposite the Mabini House is the Jose Rizal's house and the shrine/mansion of President Emilio Aguinaldo with artifacts and memorabilia. There is also the Spanish Culture and Religion Museum and Philippine Museum. Moreover, the place has Lagoon wherein the guests can go boating and fishing. Tuwali House which can be seen in Aeta Village and Ifugao Village is also featured in the place.

Giant Lantern Festival (Pampanga Tourist Attractions | Travel Guide)

If you want to experience watching giant lanterns during December, you can go to this event. These 16 feet giant lanterns are exhibited within the part of San Fernando, Pampanga in the whole month of December. That is the reason why San Fernando, Pampanga is known as "Christmas Capital of the Philippines."

If you like to see the actual fighter aircraft used in World War II, you can visit this place. It also has a library wherein you can read books.

Another exciting attraction in Pampanga is the Puning Hot Spring. This Hot Spring is considered as an Aeta Ancestral Land which is located at Brgy. Sapang Bato. It is surrounded by lush foliage. It has 11 natural hot springs. The place also has two heated pools, and a sand spa with hot mud coming from Mount Pinatubo. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) confirmed that it has zero coliform and pH level at neutral 7.5 pH.
Contact Details:
Contact Number: 0919 339 2795
Facebook Page: @PuningHotSpringAndRestaurant

Pampanga Tourist Attraction: El Kabayo (Photo credits El Kabayo Stables FB Page)

If you like old Western environment, you can try this place because it has complete replica recreations of a saloon and a telegraph office. You can also do activities such as riding lessons, adventure, and scenic trail rides, carriage tours, photo opportunities, and shopping.

WHERE TO EAT IN PAMPANGA

Of course, Pampanga is not called "Culinary Capital of the Philippines" if you will not try some of the famous eateries in the place. Here are some places if you want some gastronomic experience.

Photo credits Camalig FB Page

This place is a former grain storehouse that was built in 1840 and later became a restaurant in 1973. Moreover, 8 flavors of pizza. Camalig offers an exciting Capampangan Buffet prepared by Chef Bonits Pamintuan. They use fresh ingredients available in the market cooked the traditional Kapampangan way.

Contact Number: (045) 888 1077

You can choose from a different variety of Kapampangan foods. It serves pako salad, calderetang baka, morcon, chicharon bulaklak, tortang bangus, inihaw na Hito or bulalo soup.
Contact Details:
Contact Numbers: 09228467121 | 0454352085 | 09228467121 | 09228423755 | 0458870361
Facebook page: @everybodyscafepampanga

There you go! You have a list of Pampanga Tourist Attractions. Tara na sa Pampanga!

Top: Everybody's Café Pancit luglog in bilao ; below, The traditional grinder used to make chocolate paste for their hot chocolate .They use roasted peanuts and cocoa beans. (Photo credits : Everybody's Cafe Fb Page)

LIST OF BUDGET HOTELS IN PAMPANGA

To book your budget hotel room in Pampanga, simply click any of the links on our List of budget hotels in Pampanga.

Pacific Breeze Hotel and Resort
1888 Vian Street, Malabanas, Angeles / Clark, Philippines, 2009
BOOK A ROOM HERE

Queens Hotel Recently Renovated
1136 Tinio Street, Corner Constain Street Balibago, Malabanas, Angeles / Clark, Philippines, 2009 BOOK A ROOM HERE

Victoria Court San Fernando Motorist Lodge
KM 73.7 Post Sindalan, San Fernando City, San Fernando, San Fernando (Pampanga), Philippines BOOK A ROOM HERE

HOW TO GET TO PAMPANGA

Pampanga can access by land and air. For International Tourists, you can fly in via Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone. If Clark Airport is not feasible for you, you can fly in at Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila and take a bus going to the province.

Traveling by bus comes easy through several bus lines with stations spread all over Metro Manila. Some routes going to Pampanga re as follows:

Manila-Pampanga-Bataan Route

Manila-Pampanga-Zambales Route

Manila-Pampanga-Tarlac Route

Manila-Pampanga-Nueva Ecija Route

Manila-Bulacan-Pampanga Route

Manila-Pampanga-Dagupan Route

Other List of Hotels Popular on this site: SOME OF OUR TRAVEL GUIDES THAT YOU CAN USE IN YOUR NEXT TRAVEL

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PAMPANGA TOURIST ATTRACTIONS | TRAVEL GUIDE

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Here's an updated Pampanga Tourist Attractions | Travel Guide. This post aimed at helping people who wish to visit this beautiful province. Before we travel, let's have quick trivia about Pampanga. Trivia: Pampanga is located in the Central Luzon region. The capital of it is the City of San Fernando, Pampanga.

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Video uploaded by: GMA Public Affairs

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Biyahe ni Drew: Visit Pampanga with Drew Arellano | Full Episode

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Location: Barangay Jalung, Porac, Pampanga

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Location: Santo Rosario Street, Angeles, Pampanga

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Location: Barangay Sapang Uwak, Porac, Pampanga

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Location: Barangay Baño, Arayat, Pampanga

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Location: Barangay Sapang Bato, Angeles, Pampanga

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In 1571, Pampanga was founded by a Spanish Basque conquistador named Martin de Goíti. Its name was constructed from a native Kapampangan word, pampáng, which meant “river bank”. This referred to the natives’ homes located alongside the river banks of Rio Grande de la Pampanga (Rio de Guagua), now known as Pampanga River. On December 11, Pampanga was officially created—it was subdivided into towns (pueblos) and further into districts (barrios) and royal and private estates (encomiendas). Furthermore, Pampanga was known to be one of the wealthiest places in the Philippines due to its flourishing agricultural, forestry, fishery, and labor industries.

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Mayor Edwin D. Santiago

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Mayor Crisostomo C. Garbo

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Mayor Carmelo G. Lazatin, Jr.

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Pampanga, which is known as the Culinary Capital of the Philippines, is a province located in Region III (Central Luzon), where it occupies the middle portion of Luzon. Its land area is 2,180.68 square kilometers, encompassing the cities of Angeles, Mabalacat, and San Fernando, which is its capital. Its north is bordered by Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, its east by Bulacan, its southwest by Bataan, and its west by Zambales. As of 2020, it has 20 municipalities, 505 barangays, and 4 districts. With a population of 2,437,709 (in 2020), its locals are called Kapampangans, Pampangeuños, or Pampangos.