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According to Britannica, "The first of the Revolutions of 1848 erupted in Palermo on January 9. Starting as a popular insurrection, it soon took on overtones of Sicilian separatism and spread throughout the island. Piecemeal reforms proved inadequate to satisfy the revolutionaries, both noble and bourgeois, who were determined to have a new and more liberal constitution."

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In 1848, this artwork piece was published, once again representing the Italian revolution. Many years followed and Italian artists considered to paint these kind of pictures.

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Ferdinand II wanted to unify Italy but congress exiled him and congress wanted to make new laws to revolutionize Italy and get more rights to the people. So Italy started their own revolution in 1848

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Italian 1848 Revolutions | 3 Minute History

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According to Britannica, "Generally known as Dom Pedro, he was the son of King John VI of Portugal. When Napoleon conquered Portugal in 1807, Pedro accompanied the royal family in its flight to Brazil."

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This piece of artwork published in 1822 is considered to be realism artwork, representing the revolution of their country.

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Dom Pedro the first, once was the king of Portugal. After the Portugal economic difficulties, his family owned the empire of Brazil and Brazil got it's freedom through peace.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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As History.com states, "Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born April 1, 1815, at his family’s estate in the Prussian heartland west of Berlin. His father was a fifth-generation Junker (a Prussian landowning noble), and his mother came from a family of successful academics and government ministers. Throughout his life Bismarck would emphasize his rural Junker roots, underplaying his considerable intellect and cosmopolitan outlook."

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This is an 1871 realism piece of art from Germany

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The video talks about OVB and how he created an army and revolutionized the German economy and society.