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Since 2011, over 6.6 million Syrians have had to leave the country. Civil war within the country has displaced over half of its population, and sent many families into poverty, with over 80% of Syrians living on less than 1.90$ per day, making it hard to get food, education, and household items. Humanitarian groups also can’t access many areas and are therefore unable to help citizens and know their needs. The majority of the refugees seek asylum in neighboring countries, with Turkey having more than half of all the immigrants. Europe has over 1 million refugees, with Germany and Sweden being the countries with the most refugees. Syrians get offered refugee status in many European countries.

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A mother hugs her daughter after arriving in Greece. (Photo by A.Zavallis)

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Syrian immigrants going to the Greek border (Photo by Bulent Kilic)

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Thousands of Syrian refugees have travelled to Europe, fleeing war in their country and seeking somewhere safe to live.

The civil war has been raging in Syria for a long time, but the numbers of refugees heading to Europe has increased substantially in recent months.

What are the push and pull factors that have led to this surge in people moving?

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Thousands of Syrian refugees have travelled to Europe, fleeing war in their country and seeking somewhere safe to live. The civil war has been raging in Syria for a long time, but the numbers of refugees heading to Europe has increased substantially in recent months.

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https://www.unhcr.org/cy/2021/03/18/syria-refugee-crisis-globally-in-europe-and-in-cyprus-meet-some-syrian-refugees-in-cyprus/

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https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/syrian-refugee-crisis-facts

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Syria has over 6.7 million people displaced from their homes within the country.

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Because of war, Syrians have been forced to relocate to different countries in order to be safe.

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The right of asylum means that a refugee can be protected by another country and immigrate there. Over 1 million Syrians who are leaving their country seek asylum in European countries, such as Germany, who considers asylum for all Syrian refugees.

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Push factors are factors that encourage people to leave their homes. Push factors for Syrians include the war and poverty.

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Syrian refugees often immigrate close to their home country. Over 5 million live in neighboring Middle Eastern and African countries, about 1 million live in Europe, and about 100,000 live outside those areas. The farther away from Syria, the less refugees there are.

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Millions of Syrians are internationally migrating to other countries, including Turkey, Germany, and Sweden.

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Most migrants move only a short distance.

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Most migrants move only a short distance.

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Most migrants move to countries near Syria. Turkey, a country that borders Syria, is the most popular country for refugees.

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Every migration flow generates a countermigration/return. 

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Every migration flow generates a countermigration/return. 

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Many Syrian refugees do not plan on going back to Syria soon, however, almost all of the immigrants agree they want to go back after the war ends.

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Long distance immigrants usually move to bigger cities. 

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Long distance immigrants usually move to bigger cities. 

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In in Germany, the largest amount of Syrian immigrants settle in cities for better jobs. In just one month, Berlin received 10,000 immigrants. In Turkey, over 90% of refugees live in cities.

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People who live in urban areas migrate less than people who live in rural areas. 

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People who live in urban areas migrate less than people who live in rural areas. 

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The civil war affected all parts of Syria. People in cites have many reasons to leave, similar to people in rural areas.

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Families are less likely to move internationally than young adults. 

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Families are less likely to move internationally than young adults. 

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Because of Syria's forced migration, families all immigrate together. Data from the United Nations Refugee Agency shows that 52% of Syrian refugees are under the age of 18.

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https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/29/where-displaced-syrians-have-resettled/

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https://www.brookings.edu/research/cities-and-refugees-the-german-experience/

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https://www.refugeesintowns.org/sultanbeyli

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https://cpa.ca/docs/File/Cultural/EN%20Syrian%20Population%20Profile.pdf