# data[].attributes.body
did yall know that big bird have cousins from different countries and they are all different colour? WOW

# data[].attributes.headline
Approximate nutritional requirements at diff life stages (Girthed Seabream)

# data[].attributes.subject
Approximate nutritional requirements at diff life stages (Girthed Seabream)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fry
-Crude Protein (60%)
-Carbohydrates (15%)

2. Juvenile
-Crude Protein (45-50%)
-Carbohydrates (15%)
-Phosphorus (0.75%)

3. Grower
-Crude Protein (40-42%)
-Carbohydrates (15%)
4. Broodstock
-Crude Protein  (40%)
-Carbohydrates (15%)

# data[].attributes.body
- Indicative feeding regime for gilthead seabream reared from hatching to juveniles using artemia and commercial inert diets.
- Quantities should be adapted to local conditions such as rearing system, temperature, fish, density etc.
- Initial density is 150-200 larvae per litre for larval rearing and 10-20 fry per litre during weaning, assuming a temp of 18 degrees and salinity 35-37 ppt.
- Artemia is indicated in millions/m3 of rearing volume/day
- algae in l/m3 of rearing volume/day
- rotifers in millions/m3 of rearing volume/day
- compounded diets in g/m³ rearing volume/day or otherwise in percent of fish live weight/day

# data[].attributes.body
After hatching from eggs, swim-up fry (alevins) depend on endogenous nutrients from the yolk sac. The most appropriate time to start feeding small-size particles in the form of granules or crumbles is when this reserve is completely absorbed. At this stage, they are switched to starter feeds and fed frequently throughout daylight hours or during a set photoperiod regime.

Swim-up fry are fed in slight excess so that slow-sinking feed is visible for capture. However, an excessive amount of feed particles suspended in the water column may affect gill respiration and predispose fry to bacterial infections. The frequency of feeding is dependent on the water temperature and body size. Generally, feeding is reduced from 8–12 times or more daily to 3–4 times a day for fingerlings and parr. Feed consumption is readily reduced by poor water quality, low water exchange, high density of fry and physiological state of fish.

The egg yolk is quite large hence it is able to sustain the larvae until it is big enough to eat formulated feed.  The larvae do not need to waste energy for trying to find feed but rather use the energy for growth and development.

# data[].attributes.body
- Live food organisms usually have a much better contrast than artificial feeds and  generally have a triggering effect by their continuous movement.
- This allows enhanced perception by the feeding larva.
- Live feeds have better nutrition unlike formulated feeds.

# data[].attributes.body
- Their digestive tract has developed and grown larger, containing more enzymes to break down the food. Hence, they are able to feed on trash fish.

# data[].attributes.headline
They are not the same type of larvaes too

# data[].attributes.subject
They are not the same type of larvaes too

# data[].attributes.body
larvae salmon falls under precocial larvae as he is already has a well developed digestive tract with functional enzyme systems hence allowed them to rely on feed crumbles

gilthead seabream falls under altricial fish as it has not develop a functional stomach but only a short digestive tract which hence only allowed it to rely on live feed

# data[].attributes.body
-  (Day 3) Their stomachs are not fully developed so they rely on live feed as their food source which is easily digestible ad contains all the essential nutrients.
- (Day 10) They body and mouth size increases hence they are abe to consume larger feed. They still rely on live feed as they are stil developing.
- (Day 20) Their stomach develops and they are able to digest better containing more enzymes. The pH in the stomach is lower and their mouth size increases. Thus, they can start feeding on larger feed (daphnia).

# data[].attributes.body
Because:
1. Atlantic salmon has a bigger yolk sac than the glithead seabream. The bigger yolk sac of the atlantic salmon will allow it to last for 3 weeks without any feed while the glithead seabream is able to last without feed for only 3 days.
2. Atlantic Salmon larvae has a larger mouth than the glithead sea bream which means the atlantic salmon larvae can be fed on larger feed unlike the glithead seabream

# data[].attributes.body
Altricial/Precoccial & Agatric
-beginning is marked by an increase in diameter of the gut. The posterior end is the anus.

# data[].attributes.body
Altricial/Precocial
- pyloric caecae present
-longest part of the intestinal gut

Agastric
- pyloric caecae absent

# data[].attributes.body
Altricial/Precocial
Oesophagus, Stomach, Pylorus

Agastric
- esophagus and an intestine anterior to the opening of the bile duct

# data[].attributes.headline
is the feeding regimes different for both the Atlantic salmon and the gilthead seabream?

# data[].attributes.subject
is the feeding regimes different for both the Atlantic salmon and the gilthead seabream?

# data[].attributes.body
YES!!!

# data[].attributes.body
- They rely on the yolk attached to them for nutrients. By day 3, they would have used up the egg yolk and begin their first feeding.

# data[].attributes.headline
Approximate nutritional requirements at diff life stages (Atlantic salmon)

# data[].attributes.subject
Approximate nutritional requirements at diff life stages (Atlantic salmon)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fry:
-Crude protein (55%)
-Crude fat (17%)
-Ash (or total mineral content) --> 7.2%
-Crude fibre (0.7%)
-Phosphorus (1.3%)

2. Fingerling:
-Crude protein (50%)
-Crude fat (20%)
-Ash (or total mineral content) --> 6.3%
-Crude fibre (1.1%)
-Phosphorus (about 1%)

3. Grower:
-Crude protein (48.1%)
-Crude fat (%)
-Ash (or total mineral content) --> 7.2%
-Crude fibre (0.7%)
-Phosphorus (1.3%)

4. Broodstock:
Crude protein (45%)
-Crude fat (24%)
-Ash (or total mineral content) --> 6.2%
-Crude fibre (1.1%)
-Phosphorus (1.1%)

# data[].attributes.body
Most important nutritional lipid for larvae as it helps in formation of cellular bio-membranes and organelles

# data[].attributes.body
1.Reduced intake of phospholipids
2. Digestive tract becomes more elongated and more folded
3.Wall of tract thickens
4.Stomach epithelium changes in structure and more glands are developed to allow digestion
5. Volume of anterior midgut increases to allow better adsorption of lipids and proteins

# data[].attributes.body
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

# data[].attributes.body
1. Agastric fish- No stomach development at all even until adult stage

2. Precocial fish - Functional stomach during first feeding

3. Altricial Larvae- Develop functioning stomach during metamorphosis  (it will develop a fully functional stomach