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Reduction of electric field in a polarized dielectric

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Reduction of electric field in a polarized dielectric

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If two dielectric slabs are placed parallel to each other in an external electric field, the electric field would cause a polarization in every volume element of the slab. However, for every volume element inside the dielectric, the net charge would be 0 as the positive end of one molecular dipole would sit next to the negative end of the adjacent molecular dipole, thereby cancelling out the charge. But at the end of the dielectric, the ends of the dielectrics remain unneutralized, and this makes the entire dielectric equivalent to two charged surfaces parallel to each other with opposite surface charge densities. The field produced by the surface charges opposes the external electric field, and hence the electric field in the polarized dielectric is reduced.

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Explain the Polarisation in Polar and Non Polar molecules

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Explain the Polarisation in Polar and Non Polar molecules

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Polarisation(P) is the dipole moment per unit voulume.
-> In the case of polar molecules, eg;- a dielectric with polar molecules it develops a net dipole moment under the presence of an electric field, but in the absence of of one, the different permanent dipoles are oriented randomly due to Thermal Agitation and results in zero dipole moment and when the external field is applied, the individual dipole moments tend to align within the field which results in a dipole moments in the direction of the external field.
and the Extent of polarization depends on 2 factors:-
1)the dipole potential energy in the external field tending to align the dipoles within the field.
2)and the thermal energy tending the disrupt the alignment

->But In the case of non polar molecules, as they dont possess permanent dipole moment,they are induced with a dipole('induced dipole moment 'effect).

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Behaviour of dielectrics in external electric field

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Behaviour of dielectrics in external electric field

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In dielectrics, as the free movement of charge carriers is not possible, the external electric field induces a dipole moment on the
material by reorienting the molecules, and the net dipole moment of all these molecules produces an opposition to the external
electric field that acts on it. However, this is not as strong as the external filed itself, and thus does not cancel it completely.

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Behaviour of conductors in external electric field

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Behaviour of conductors in external electric field

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In the presence of an external electric field, the free charge carriers of the conductor move themselves to the surface of a conductor in such a way that the electric field due to the induced charge distribution opposes the external electric field, and hence the electrostatic field inside the conductor turns zero.

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Non conducting substances having little to no charge carriers.
In the presence of an external electric field, the molecules of the dielectric are stretched and re oriented, which induces a dipole moment.

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Q1)Distinguish between polar and non polar molecules

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Q1)Distinguish between polar and non polar molecules

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POLAR MOLECULES:
-> Molecules whose centers of positive and negative charges are separated even in the absence of external electric field
->It acquires a Net Dipole moment(Permanent dipole moment)
->Examples: HCl,H20
NON POLAR MOLECULES:
->Molecules whose centers of positive and negative charges coincide.
->Thus it results is No dipole moment(No permanent dipole moment)
->Example: O2,H2