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Reducing their ticket prices to below cost and increasing the frequency of its flights

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Residents in tourist cities often get lower prices in terms of parking and public transport. This is because they use the facilities throughout the year and also contribute more to taxes.
Tourists will have greater demand during the peak holiday season. The higher price for tourists is a way of taking consumer surplus from the inelastic demand of tourists.

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The biggest manufacturer of ice-cream and a multinational consumer goods company, that also produces several worldwide brands. For instance, Persil, Axe, Rexona, Sunsilk, Dove, Lipton and more. No one really knows what they produce.

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Offering discounts on fuel when consumers spend more than a certain amount in the supermarkets

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Variety of brands in multiple categories such as ice-cream, confectionary and fashion. Consumers have less options than they believe

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Several international companies supplying paper products formed a cartel known as the AAA club between 2000 and 2004. They made agreements fixing the price of copy and other paper for multiple countries. In 2010 and 2011 several of these companies were penalised more than 8+ million dollars by Australia’s federal court. The court also restrained the companies from repeating this through injunctions.

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LPG Prices - Renegade Gas and Speed-E-Gas

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LPG Prices - Renegade Gas and Speed-E-Gas

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These two suppliers of forklift liquified petroleum gas senior officers and sales staff formed a ‘no-poaching’ agreement from (at least) 2006 to 2011. This meant they couldn’t approach/supply certain customers of each others company with LPG, they also offered to only supply prices deliberately low so consumers wouldn't change supplier. The companies received an 8.3 million dollar fine and senior officials were also fined and disqualified from managing corporations for a certain time period.

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Three animal vitamin suppliers, BASF, Roche Vitamins and Aventis Animal Nutrition, divided markets and price fixed, the suppliers were fined $26 million in total.

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From 2000 to 2004, Visy and Amcor colluded to raise the price of their products and rigged the bidding process while maintaining their respective market shares. Amcor was granted immunity for admitting to it and Visy was fined $36 million and Visy and Amcor were forced to pay $95 million in damages to a customer class action.

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A popular way to segment the market is by age category, e.g. students get a 10% discount at certain stores. Many stores participate in this such as Glue, Boohoo, Microsoft and ASOS

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Companies that give three for two offers for low prices for consumers who buy higher quantities.

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Most companies in the fire alarm and fire sprinkler installation industry in Brisbane held regular meetings, at which they agreed to allow certain tenders to be won by particular competitors.

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Charging different prices to loyal card members or other types of loyal customers. This is a higher price that is compensated with rewards, status and special treatment. They may also receive discounts.

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Dominates certain products it the market such as chocolate or chewing gum, making it seem like the customers have more choice.

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The Volkswagen Group sells a large variety of well-known car brands, thus generating more revenue and makes it seems as if the consumer has a wider choice to choose from.

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Accused of predatory pricing to eliminate their competition Meru and taxis.

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Time tested way to implement multi-tiered pricing. Price sensitive customers are usually more willing to buy coupons.

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Price of ticket is broken up based on age. Individual is charged based on the their ability to pay for the good/service. eg. cinema tickets. Maximises profits by customising prices so that consumers are able to purchase the product.

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Has multiple branded products under the one firm (Maybelline, Garnier, Lancome, Biotherm, etc.) to artificially increase the number of choices and thus generate competition within own firm

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overall increase in petrol prices, increase profit, takes away options for consumers

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Dominates the market, makes it seem like the consumer has more choice.

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Sold goods such as bread, milk, laundry detergent and other staple products below costs of other supermarkets in an attempt to eliminate competitors from the market

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changing prices depending on time, day and season

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Men and women's razors costing different prices, women are willing to buy things in prettier packages, or think that they cannot use men's razors

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Loyalty Pricing:
Loyalty cards-after buying a certain amount of bread

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market domination, stops newer brands from coming into market

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threatening the publishing industry because of the pricing, reducing competition.

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Kicks out competition in market

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Examples of firms engaged in different forms of cartel conduct - Collusion, price signalling, market zoning etc.

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Examples of firms engaged in different forms of cartel conduct - Collusion, price signalling, market zoning etc.