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Cyclin D1 (Cyclin D1) acts as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 and CDK6 (Cyclin D1/CDK4 and Cyclin D1/CDK6) and is required for G1 to S phase transition. CDK4-cyclinD1 inhibitor can inhibit DNA synthesis and cause G1 arrest. It can also block the phosphorylation of pRb protein in tumor cells, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and anti-tumor effect.

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Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.

Background
An overview of cyclin D1
There are three major subtypes of cyclin D, D1, D2 and D3. Cyclin D1 is most closely related to tumors and is involved in tumor metastasis, and is identified as an oncogene. It is located at 11q13 and is about 15kb long, containing 5 exons and four introns. It has a specific expression in oral cancer. The degree of cyclin D1 expression is related to the severity of the disease, and its expression intensity is different in different tumor stages. Cyclin D1 is a subtype of cyclin that forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6 and acts as their regulatory subunit. These two cyclin-dependent kinases are essential for G1 to S phase transitions. This protein has been shown to interact with the tumor suppressor protein Rb, and this gene is actively regulated by Rb.
Inhibition of cyclin D1
Cyclin D1 (Cyclin D1) acts as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 and CDK6 (Cyclin D1/CDK4 and Cyclin D1/CDK6) and is required for G1 to S phase transition. CDK4-cyclinD1 inhibitor can inhibit DNA synthesis and cause G1 arrest. It can also block the phosphorylation of pRb protein in tumor cells, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and anti-tumor effect.
Cyclin D1 and diseases
As one of the cell cycle regulators, cyclin D1 can shorten the cell cycle G1 phase, allow cells to enter S phase in advance, accelerate cell growth, and promote tumor development. Cyclin D1 is required for normal cell division and is overexpressed in patients with oral cancer to promote cancer cell proliferation. There are factors that promote the proliferation of cancer cells in DNA, RNA and translation. Excessive expression of cyclin D1 is found in B-cell lymphomas and common malignant tumors such as the breast and esophagus. Cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in EOC cells, which can cause abnormal cell proliferation and ultimately lead to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.
References:
Casimiro, M. C., Velasco-Velázquez, M., Aguirre-Alvarado, C., & Pestell, R. G. (2014). Overview of cyclins d1 function in cancer and the cdk inhibitor landscape: past and present. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 23(3), 295.

Pestell, R. G. (2013). New roles of cyclin d1. American Journal of Pathology, 183(1), 3-9.

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Cyclin D1 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene. An overview of cyclin D1 There are three major subtypes of cyclin D, D1, D2 and D3. Cyclin D1 is most closely related to tumors and is involved in tumor metastasis, and is identified as an oncogene.

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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHODH gene on chromosome 16. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth enzymatic step, the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. This protein is a mitochondrial protein located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).Inhibitors of this enzyme are used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/dhodh-398.html

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The FDA’s approval of the inhibitors including bortezomib and carfilzomib for treatment of hematological malignancies established the UPS as an anti-cancer target. Although numerous DUB inhibitors have been reported in last decade, most of them are not pharmacologically viable in the clinic and can only be used as research tools such as Ubal (ubiquitin aldehyde) and UbVS (ubiquitin vinyl sulfone). Great efforts have been taken to design and develop UCH proteins inhibitors, which lead to identification of competitive, reversible and directed compounds of isatin O-acyl oximes series. b-AP15 is a novel proteasome-inhibitory agent that selectively inhibits the activity of two DUBs, UCHL5 and USP14. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/dubs-399.html

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The high incidence of K-Ras mutation has been reported in pancreatic, colon, and lung carcinomas. K-Ras mutations constitute 86% of all Ras mutations and were found to be predominant in the lung, colon, pancreatic cancer and other types of cancer that account for maximal deaths in the United States. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/k-ras-403.html

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Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is the expression product of the KMO (gene). It participates in tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine catabolic pathway. It serves as an important branch point in the kynurenine pathway and, as a result, is an attractive drug target for immunological, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory diseases. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/kynurenine-3-monooxygenase-kmo-404.html

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Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LARS gene. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/leucyl-trna-synthetase-405.html

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Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) also known as lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the KDM1A gene.LSD1 is a flavin-dependent monoamine oxidase, which can demethylate mono- and di-methylated lysines, specifically histone 3, lysines 4 and 9 (H3K4 and H3K9).This enzyme can have roles critical in embryogenesis and tissue-specific differentiation, as well as oocyte growth. KDM1A was the first histone demethylase to be discovered though more than 30 have been described. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/lsd1-407.html

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LpxC is a zinc-dependent amidase and present in almost all Gram-negative bacteria. It is a promising target for the development of novel antibiotic substances against multigrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/lpxc-406.html

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EGFR (The epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factorfamily (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases.

Background

Tyrosine phosphorylation is a highly regulated post-translational modification required for inter- or intra-cellular communication. During this event, the protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as catalyzing enzymes to transfer the terminal phosphate of ATP to tyrosine residues of substrate proteins. PTKs are a large and diverse family of proteins that are found only in Metazoans. Of the identified PTKs in the human genome, 58 are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) distributed into 20 subfamilies, and 32 are non-receptor types. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family, characterized by a transmembrane domain and an intrinsic intracellular tyrosine kinase motif, includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), insulin receptor (IR), and many others. RTKs have been shown to be involved in diverse cell signaling pathways and play key roles in many biological processes including embryogenesis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. While RTK tyrosine kinase activity is tightly controlled in normal cells, unregulated RTK activity through either mutational activation or over-expression is implicated in the development of many diseases like cancer and diabetes.

Signal transduction pathways are initiated when activated EGFR directly or indirectly recruits various signaling proteins, like She, Grb2, PLC- γ, Src and PI3K. Due to the functional diversity of signaling proteins, the activation of these signaling proteins may lead to the assembly of different multicomponent signaling complexes and subsequent activation of multiple signaling pathways, including Ras pathway, PLC- γ 1 pathway and PI3K pathway. As these pathways are linked together directly or indirectly, activation of EGFR actually stimulates a signaling network.

Ras signaling pathway The Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway mediates numerous cellular functions in different tissues and cell types such as cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and survival. EGF-stimulated Ras activation is mediated by the adaptor protein Grb2, which can associate with activated EGFR directly via Y ¹⁰⁶⁸ and y ¹⁰⁸⁶ sites, or indirectly through tyrosine phosphorylated She. Through binding Grb2, the protein Sos, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ras, relocates to EGFR at the plasma membrane and activates membrane-associated Ras, which in turn activates subsequent Raf-MEK-MAPK signaling cascade. Finally, MAPK (Erk) translocates to the nucleus and activates several transcriptional factors such as c-Fos and c-Jun, driving cell proliferation and other processes.

PLC- γ 1 and PI3K signaling pathways Phospholipase C- γ 1 (PLC- γ 1) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are two important EGFR signaling pathways implicated in phospholipid metabolism. Both pathways use PtdIns(4,5)P ₂ (PIP2) as a substrate, and are involved in cell mitogenesis and motility. Through its SH2 domain, PLC- γ 1 binds directly to phosphorylated EGFR via Y ⁹⁹² and Y ¹¹⁷³ sites. Following activation by EGFR, PLC-γ l hydrolyzes PIP2 to yield the important second messengers inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which mediates intracellular calcium release and activates protein kinase C (PKC), respectively. Thus, through PLC-γ l, EGFR can affect Ca2+-dependent induction of NF-κB, and PKCdependent induction of MAPK. Activated EGFR binds to and activates PI3K through its interaction with the p85 subunit of P13K. Activated P13K then catalyses the phosphorylation of PIP2 to produce second messenger PtdIns(3,4,5)P ₃ (PIP3), which can activate several downstream targets, such as serine/threonine kinase Akt (Protein kinase B, PKB). Akt is the major mediator of the anti-apoptotic effects of the PI3K pathway. Activated Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inactivating forkhead family of transcription factors, which by themselves induce the expression of proapoptotic factors such as Fas ligand. Akt can also phosphorylate proapoptotic factor BAD, a BCL-2 family member, and suppress BAD-mediated cellular apoptosis.

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EGFR Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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EGFR (The epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factorfamily (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases.

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Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1)

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1) is part of the family of leukocyte integrins that are recognised by their common β-chains (β2, CD18). It is found on all T-cells and also on B-cells, macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in recruitment to the site of infection. It binds to ICAM-1 on antigen-presenting cells and functions as an adhesion molecule. It is the first to bind T-cells to antigen-presenting cells and initially binds weakly.

Background
An overview of LFA-1
The lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), also known as CD11a/CD18 orαLβ2, is an integrin molecule in the human body, which plays a major role in regulating T cell activation and migration. LFA-1 distributes widely on hematopoietic cells, where it mediates intercellular interactions within the immune system and between leukocytes and non-blood cells. Several intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), such as ICAM-1 and junctional adhesion molecule 1, are common ligands for LFA-1. LFA-1 consists of the αL andβ2 variants of integrin chains. Like other integrins with an I-domain containing αchain, ligand binding is localized to this domain.
Inhibition of LFA-1
There are two known classes of LFA-1 small molecular weight inhibitors: one is a group of allosteric inhibitors known to interact with a hydrophobic cleft between the α7-helix and the central β-sheet, which is known as the 'I-domain allosteric site' or IDAS. There is a wide range of structurally distinct families of small molecules known to inhibit the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in this way, such as the statins ( lovastatin, simvastatin, LFA878 and LFA703 etc.), cinnamides (IC487475), and hydantoins (BIRT-377). In addition, there are ICAM-1 derived peptides (cIBR and cIBC) that function similarly to small molecule allosteric inhibitors. The second group is known as the α/β I-like inhibitors(XVA143).
LFA-1 and diseases
The LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction is indispensable in the adhesion of lymphocytes to the vascular endothelium and their subsequent extravasation into the surrounding tissue, which is a part of normal immune function and is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and transplant rejection. Besides, LFA-1 plays an integral role in the mechanisms of cancer cell adhesion and metastasis, and has been implicated in a variety of cancers such as melanoma, gastrointestinal carcinoma and lymphoma. Involvement in inflammatory diseases and cancer makes LFA-1 a potential therapeutic target for inhibitors designed to disrupt the ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction.

References：

1. Manuel Reina, Enric Espel. Role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in Cancer. Cancers, 2017, 9(11):153.Brandon L. Walling and Minsoo Kim. LFA-1 in T Cell Migration and Differentiation. Frontiers in immunology, 2018, 9: 952.

2.Tahl Zimmerman, Francisco J. Blanco. Inhibitors Targeting the LFA-1/ICAM-1 Cell-Adhesion Interaction: Design and Mechanism of Action. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2008, 14(22): 2128-2139.

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Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1) Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1) Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1) is part of the family of leukocyte integrins that are recognised by their common β-chains (β2, CD18). It is found on all T-cells and also on B-cells, macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in recruitment to the site of infection.

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Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1, also known as MCH1, is one of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptors found in all mammals.

The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family 1, is an integral plasma membrane protein which binds melanin-concentrating hormone. The encoded protein can inhibit cAMP accumulation and stimulate intracellular calcium flux, and is probably involved in the neuronal regulation of food consumption. Although structurally similar to somatostatin receptors, this protein does not seem to bind somatostatin.

Background
An overview of MCH1
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (abbreviated as MCH1) is a receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to both G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. MCH1 has the typical structural features of the G protein coupled receptor superfamily, including seven transmembrane domains. MCH1 has a DRY (aspartate-arginine-tyrosine) domain at the junction of the third transmembrane region and the second intracellular loop. It has a common site for glycosylation linked to aspartate at the amino acid terminus. MCH1 is widely distributed in the brain, especially in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. MCH1 is also expressed in peripheral tissues such as pituitary gland, intestine and adipose tissue. It is worth noting that MCH1 can regulate appetite, stress, anxiety and depression. However, MCH1 is the primary regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis in rodents. In mammalian cells transfected with MCH1, MCH is able to activate multiple signaling pathways including calcium mobilization, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, and inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation through Gi/o- and Gq-coupled pathways.
MCH1 and diseases
Obesity is a global epidemic associated with multiple severe diseases. Several pharmacotherapies have been investigated including the MCH and MCH1. MCH1 can be used as a target for obesity treatment. Other areas of potential use for MCH1 include depression and anxiety, but there is, to date, no clinical proof of concept data for these areas.
Antagonists of MCH1
Several classes of MCH1 antagonists are developed for a novel obesity treatment. So far, many compounds have been progressed into clinical trials, but clinical validation of the concept is still lacking. Early clinical MCH1 antagonists include compounds GW856464, AGM-076, and NGD-4715 from GSK, Amgen and Neurogen, respectively. They have entered phase I clinical trials, and NGD-4715 is most advanced to phase 1 study. Based on the phase 1 study, NGD-4715 seemed to be safe and well tolerated at all doses studied in the trial. In fact, different approaches have been taken to overcome the undesired effects of MCH1 antagonists, such as interactions with the hERG channel. Many programmes have faced difficulties and, to date, only a few compounds have progressed into humans.

Reference:

Anders, J. (2016) Evolution of physicochemical properties of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 26(19): 4559-4564.

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MCH1 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1, also known as MCH1, is one of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptors found in all mammals. The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family 1, is an integral plasma membrane protein which binds melanin-concentrating hormone.

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S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MTAP gene.
This gene encodes an enzyme that plays a major role in polyamine metabolism and is important for the salvage of both adenine and methionine. The encoded enzyme is deficient in many cancers because this gene and the tumor suppressor p16 gene are co-deleted. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, but their full-length natures remain unknown.

Background
An overview of MTAP
S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an important metabolic enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways. MTAP encodes on human chromosome 9p21 and is adjacent to the p16INK4a and p14ARF tumor suppressor genes. MTAP is often co-deleted with p16INK4a in many cancers. S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (MTA) is a product of polyamine synthesis cleaved by MTAP to produce adenine and methylthioribose-1-phosphate which is further recycled to methionine. MTAP is highly conserved across all Kingdoms, with nearly all organisms expressing either MTAP or 5'-Me-thylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN), both of which perform the conversion of MTA to adenine and methionine. But accumulation of MTA is toxic to cells due to feedback inhibition of spermidine synthase. Therefore, MTAP plays a key function in eliminating this toxic by-product of polyamine synthesis.
MTAP and diseases
Since MTAP is located on chromosome 9 and directly adjacent to the tumor suppressor, CDKN2a, it is frequently co-deleted in many human tumors, including glioma, non-small-cell lung cancer, acute nonlymphoid leukemia, melanoma, and mesothelioma. Because MTAP activity is present in all normal cells (including red blood cells and bone marrow stem/progenitor cells) in a relatively narrow range, the lack of MTAP in tumor cells provides a unique opportunity to develop selective treatment of tumors. Tumor cells without MTAP activity are unable to salvage adenine from MTA and therefore, are more dependent on the de novo synthesis of AMP. As a consequence, MTAP deficient tumor cells are more sensitive than normal cells to agents that block de novo AMP synthesis. Furthermore, normal cells abundant in MTAP can be rescued from the toxicity of inhibitors of de novo AMP synthesis by the provision of exogenous MTAP substrates that provide a source of adenine.
Inhibition of MTAP
Targeting MTAP deficient tumors with purine synthesis inhibitors in combination with MTAP substrates, such as MTA or 9-β-D-erythrofuranosyladenine (EFA), provide greater efficacy and a greater therapeutic window over chemotherapeutic regimens currently in clinical use. Besides, L-alanosine is apotent inhibitor of de novo AMP synthesis. The metabolite of L-alanosine, L-alanosinyl-5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylic acid ribonucleotide (L-alanosinyl-AICOR), is a strong inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthase, which converts IMP to AMP. Thus, L-alanosine is an ideal candidate for MTAP-targeted therapy.

Reference:

Juliana, R. T., José, B.-N., Ricardo, D., Humberto, D. P., (2016) Crystal Structure of Schistosoma mansoni Adenosine Phosphorylase/5'-Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase and Its Importance on Adenosine Salvage Pathway. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(12): 25

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MTAP Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MTAP gene.This gene encodes an enzyme that plays a major role in polyamine metabolism and is important for the salvage of both adenine and methionine. The encoded enzyme is deficient in many cancers because this gene and the tumor suppressor p16 gene are co-deleted.

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Rev-ErbA beta (Rev-erbβ) also known as NR1D2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1D2 gene.Rev-erbβ is a member of the Rev-ErbA family of transcription factors. Rev-erbβ, like Rev-erbα, belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and can modulate gene expression by directly binding to their promoters.

Background
An Overview of NR1D2
NR1D2 (Rev-erb β), the nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and regulates gene expression by directly binding its promoter. NR1D2 generally acts as a transcriptional repressor in its protein structure. It's originally characterized as a repressor of genes involved in circadian rhythms whose mRNA showed rhythmic expression in vivo and in serum synchronized cell culture. It can target the circadian clock genes Bmal1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1) and clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput). NR1D2 is involved in the control of lipid and energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle. However, it is unclear to what extent Rev-erbβ contributes to the oscillation of the core circadian clock.
Agonists of NR1D2
NR1D2 agonists can regulate the expression of core clock proteins driving rhythms in activity and metabolism. Administration of synthetic agonists, SR9011 and SR9009 (Fig. 1), can alter circadian behavior and the circadian pattern of core clock gene expression in the hypothalami of mice. It is reported that the agonists increase energy expenditure and decrease fat mass, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels, suggesting that these agonists may be useful in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Fig. 1 Chemical structure of SR9011 and SR9009.
NR1D2 and diseases
NR1D2 can affect the differentiation and function of fat cells and is associated with metabolic disorders, plasmin system abnormalities, and the onset of cardiovascular disease. It also regulates the rhythm of retinal photoreceptor cells. The physiological clock is considered to be an adaptive response to predict daily environmental changes and is the most basic adjustment unit of the body. It affects many aspects of the body's behavior and physiology, including sleep/wake cycle, blood pressure, body temperature, energy metabolism. Destruction of normal circadian rhythms often leads to an increase in the incidence of many diseases, such as metabolic diseases, mental illnesses and cancer.

References:

Solt, L. A., Wang, Y. J., Banerjee, S., Hughes, T., Kojetin, D. J., Lundasen J., Shin, Y., Liu, J., Cameron, M. D., Noel, R., Yoo, S. H., Takahashi, J. S., Butler, A. A., Kamenecka T. M., Burris, T. P. (2012) Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists. 485: 62-68

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NR1D2 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Rev-ErbA beta (Rev-erbβ) also known as NR1D2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1D2 gene.Rev-erbβ is a member of the Rev-ErbA family of transcription factors. Rev-erbβ, like Rev-erbα, belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and can modulate gene expression by directly binding to their promoters.

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Potassium voltage-gated channel(KCNA3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA3 gene. It belongs to the delayed rectifier class, members of which allow nerve cells to efficiently repolarize following an action potential. It plays an essential role in T cell proliferation and activation.

Background
An Overview of Potassium voltage-gated channel (KCNA3)
Potassium voltage-gated channel (abbreviated as KCNA3) belongs to shaker-related subfamily of member 3. KCNA3 encodes the voltage-gated Kv1.3 channel, which is expressed in T and B lymphocytes. All human T cells express roughly 300 Kv1.3 channels per cell. From a functional and structural point of view, KCNA3 is the most complex voltage-gated ion channel. As a central channel with a divergent filter property consisting of a homotetramer and four transmembrane protein subunits, KCNA3 channel can conduct ions, which can make the potassium ions pass smoothly. There will be one or two P-loop regions on each transmembrane protein subunit. P-loop is a highly guarded P loopback region (Fig. 1). KCNA3 has multiple functions such as regulation of neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction and cell volume.
Major types of KCNA3
There are a large number of potassium voltage-gated channel families, which can be divided into 10 families, named KCNA, KCNAB, KCNB, KCNC, KCND, KCNF, KCNG, KCNH, KCNQ, KCNS and KCNV according to human gene names. Corresponding to channel names, they are divided into Kv1, Kvβ, Kv2 (Kv8), Kv3, Kv4, Kv5, Kv6, Kv10 (Kv11, Kv12), Kv7, Kv9. Although the potassium voltage-gated channels have different names, they all represent the same type of channel.
Inhibition of KCNA3
At present, there are many KCNA3 inhibitors has been developed. Among them, 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potent, non-selective voltage gated potassium channels (Kv) inhibitor with IC50s of 170 μM and 230 μM for Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 in CHO cells, respectively. Repaglinide is a potassium channel blocker that lowers blood sugar by stimulating the release of the total pancreatic insulin and is used to treat type II diabetes. Nicorandil is a potassium channel activator and activates ornithine cyclase to increase the formation of cyclic ornithine. Retigabine is a novel anti-caries agent that is active in a wide range of convulsion models. Retigabine exerts its activity primarily as a KCNQ2-5 voltage-gated potassium channel in open neurons.
MCH1 and diseases
KCNA3 mutations have been described in episodic neurological disease, kidney disease, heart disease, mental disorder. KCNA3 is a new target for the treatment of neuroimmune disease multiple sclerosis.

References:

Michael, F. W., Natali, A. M., Giovanni, S., Karla, P. F., John, P. A. B., Dagmar, N., Allan, F. M., Virgilio, G. H. E., Dominic, B. F., Ulrich, M., Alexandra, D., Alexis, B., Diane, M. P., Stefan, M. P. (2018) Mutations in voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC3 cause degenerative and developmental central nervous system phenotypes. Nature Gene. 38 (4): 447-451.

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Potassium voltage-gated channel(KCNA3) Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Potassium voltage-gated channel(KCNA3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA3 gene. It belongs to the delayed rectifier class, members of which allow nerve cells to efficiently repolarize following an action potential. It plays an essential role in T cell proliferation and activation.

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Plant Growth Regulator is a systemic plant growth regulator that works by blocking the plant hormones that stimulate growth.

Background
An Overview of Plant Growth Regulator
Plant growth regulators are a class of pesticides used to regulate plant growth and development, including synthetic hormone analogues with similar physiological and biological effects of natural plant hormones and natural plant hormones extracted from organisms. Its existence can affect and effectively regulate the growth and development of plants, including cell growth and division, to rooting, germination, flowering, fruiting, maturity and shedding.
Major types of Plant Growth Regulator
According to the different effects of plant growth regulators, they can be divided into plant growth promoters, plant growth retardants and plant growth inhibitors. Plant growth promoters can promote cell division, differentiation and elongation, or promote the growth of plant vegetative organs and the development of reproductive organs. Synthetic growth promoters can be classified into auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and brassinolides. Growth retardants are those synthetic organisms which have an inhibitory effect on the cell division of the sub-apical meristematic cells or primary meristematic cells of the stem end of the plant. It has no effect on the formation of leaves, flowers and fruits. Commonly used growth retardants are chlormequat, B9, mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazol, and the like. Plant growth inhibitors can inhibit the growth of apical meristem tissue, hinder the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in cells, slow cell division, leading to loss of apical dominance, and great changes in plant morphology (such as increased number of lateral branches, smaller leaves). Commonly used plant growth inhibitors include abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), torsokin, and malanyl hydrazide.
Plant Growth Regulator and diseases
Most plant growth regulators are low or weak toxicity. However, some plant growth regulators have significant chronic toxicity. For example, the chronic toxicity of 2,4-D is mainly manifested by toxicity to blood, liver and kidney, inhibition of certain enzyme activities and synthesis of certain proteins. A few plant growth regulators have the function of animal hormones. Many doctors with precocious puberty believe that children who eat foods containing plant growth regulators may cause precocious puberty.

References:

Mao, L. L., zhen, L. Z., Zhao, X. H., Liu, S.D., Werf, W., Zhang, S. P., Spiertz, H., Li, Z. H. (2014) Crop growth, light utilization and yield of relay intercropped cotton as affected by plant density and a plant growth regulator. Field Crops Research. 155: 67-76.

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Plant Growth Regulator Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Plant Growth Regulator is a systemic plant growth regulator that works by blocking the plant hormones that stimulate growth.

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Penicillin-binding proteins are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria.

Background
An overview of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are membrane proteins located on the bacterial cell membrane that can bind covalently to penicillin and non-β-lactam antibiotics. PBPs are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, including transpeptidase, carboxypeptidase, and endopeptidase. Its normal existence is an essential condition for bacteria to maintain normal morphology and function. PBPs weigh about 1% of the entire cell membrane, and the molecular mass is generally 34.7 to 138.9 ku. Most bacterial cells contain between 10,000 and 10,000 PBPs, one of which usually contains 4 to 8 PBPs, and different bacteria have different types of PBPs.
Major types of PBPs
PBPs are mostly multidomain enzymes divided in three classes (A, B and C) based on their domain organization and function. Besides, according to the sensitivity of bacteria to various β-lactam antibiotics, PBPs can be roughly classified into two categories. The first category is PBPs that are less sensitive to penicillin but sensitive to most cephalosporins, such as PBP4 of S. aureus, PBP5, PBP6 of Escherichia coli. The second category is PBPs that are sensitive to both penicillin and cephalosporins, such as PBP2 and PBP3 of E. coli.
Inhibition of PBPs
Inhibitors of PBPs includes β-Lactam Inhibitors and Non-β-Lactams Inhibitors. Commercially available β-Lactam Inhibitors of PBPs almost exclusively contain the four-membered β-lactam ring, such as Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Monobactams. Non-β-Lactams inhibitors of PBPs escape the action of β-lactamases but none have yet undergone developments sufficient for initiating clinical trials. The most promising Non-β-Lactams inhibitors of PBPs are lactivicin analogs.
PBPs and diseases
Antibiotics such as penicillin play a bactericidal role by inhibiting bacterial cell death, inhibiting bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, and binding to PBPs. For example, Penicillin is suitable for various infections caused by Gram-positive cocci, such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, scarlet fever, erysipelas, calving fever and the like. But drug resistance is still an important issue at present.

References:

Eric, S., Mohammed, T., (2016) Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Valuable Targets for New Antibacterials. Antibiotics, 5(12): 27.

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Penicillin-binding proteins Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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Penicillin-binding proteins are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria. An overview of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are membrane proteins located on the bacterial cell membrane that can bind covalently to penicillin and non-β-lactam antibiotics.

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Prostacyclin Receptor Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Prostacyclin Receptor inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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PTPN11 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality PTPN11 inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Selective androgen receptor modulators Inhibitor

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Selective androgen receptor modulators(SARMs) Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Selective androgen receptor modulators(SARMs) inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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SLC9A3 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality SLC9A3 inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Inhibitor

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Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Inhibitor

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sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor inhibitors

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sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor agonists

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sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor modulators

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Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1) Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1) inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3(S1PR3) Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3(S1PR3) inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Tankyrase-1 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Tankyrase-1 inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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CD27 is a type I glycoprotein expressed on some B cells and the majority of T cells, and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, with unique cysteinerich motifs.

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High quality CD27 Inhibitors can be provided from Boc Sciences. CD27 inhibitors is a substance that inhibits that activity of the CD27 protein.

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The CD39 ectonucleotidase triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (Entpd1) represents a new promising target for cancer immunotherapy. CD39 is expressed on both regulatory T cells and tumor cells and plays a major role in promoting immunosuppression.

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High quality CD39 Inhibitors can be provided from Boc Sciences. CD39 inhibitors is a substance that inhibits that activity of the CD39 protein.

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T-cell COStimulator (ICOS) is a T cell costimulatory molecule of the CTLA4/PD1/CD28 family, and plays a nonoverlapping function with CD28 on CD4+ T cells.

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High quality ICOS Inhibitors can be provided from Boc Sciences. ICOS inhibitors is a substance that inhibits that activity of the ICOS protein.

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The V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) also known as PD-1 homolog (PD-1H) was described as a negative checkpoint regulator in the IgSF structurally related to CTLA-4 and PD-1. VISTA is highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes.

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High quality VISTA Inhibitors can be provided from Boc Sciences. VISTA inhibitors is a substance that inhibits that activity of the VISTA protein.

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It was found that the combination of high immunogenicity vaccine expressing E7 and HSV-1 glycoprotein d could block the signal transduction of BTLA-HVEM and result in strong immune activity of CD8 T cells. In addition, the combination of soluble BTLA (sBTLA) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) also inhibited the expression of BTLA and enhanced the immune response. sBTLA could compete with BTLA in HVEM. The HSP70 vaccine could enhance Th1 cell function and promote the secretion of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/btla-14.html

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T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is a type 1 transmembrane protein containing an IgV extracellular domain and an immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT)-like phosphorylation motif followed by an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic tail. Similar to PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3, TIGIT is upregulated on exhausted T cells in both chronic viral infections and cancer. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/tigit-13.html

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cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) is a member of Tim family, which consists of 301 amino acids. The common structure of TIM3 molecules includes: variable region of N-terminal immunoglobulin, mucin domain, transmembrane region and intracellular region. At the same time, TIM3, as an immunological checkpoint, plays an important role in the immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/tim3-12.html

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GPR119 (G protein-coupled receptor 119) is a member of the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs). GPR119 is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract in rodents and humans, as well as in the brain in rodents.

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GPR119 Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality GPR119 inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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B7-H3 is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the B7 family of co-stimulatory proteins. B7-H3 is mostly expressed on professional APCs including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells at low levels. It is detected on various human and murine tumor cells, nasal and airway epithelial cells. Its expression on dendritic cells appears to be up-regulated by LPS. https://www.bocsci.com/tag/b7-h3-also-known-as-cd276-11.html

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Lymphocyte activation gene 3（LAG-3）is an important immunosuppressive molecule, mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cells, similar to CD4 molecule structure, and highly binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC-Ⅱ). It can negatively regulate the proliferation and function of T lymphocytes and maintain the stability of its internal environment.https://www.bocsci.com/tag/lag3-10.html

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BOC Sciences Company is pleased to provide you with quality OX40 antibody monotherapy related services. The company has the world's leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology R & D laboratory. Over the years, our experts have been working on OX 40 antibody monotherapy related techniques, and have achieved excellent results. The company sincerely looks forward to working with you hand in hand.https://www.bocsci.com/tag/ox40-also-known-as-cd134-9.html

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BOC Sciences has developed numerous multi-step synthetic schemes, like the synthesis of oligosaccharide, glycan, sugar amino acid, glycopeptide, glycoconjugate, glucuronide, glycolipid and lipopolysaccharide to provide complex chemicals. https://www.bocsci.com/carbohydrate-service.html

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BOC Sciences’ capabilities in drug discovery include: computational efforts on Modeling and Design ,Medicinal Chemistry efforts on library synthesis and SAR studies, Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Development, Protein Crystallography, etc.  In addition, through our intensive drug discovery knowledge and expertise in project management, we form our own integrated drug discovery platform. https://www.bocsci.com/integrated-services-on-drug-discovery.html

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide microbeads have broad applications in biomedicine, such as magnetic cell isolation and biomolecules purification, magnetic resonance imaging of diseased tissues, magnetic immunoassay, targeted delivery of drugs and antigens, hyperthermia aided chemo/radiotherapy, and so on. https://www.bocsci.com/superparamagnetic-iron-oxide-nano.html

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Small-molecule inhibitors are a well-established class of potential useful drugs. Our products are included in all kinds of fields of Medical and Pharmaceutical research, such as Neurological Disease, Cancer, Metabolic Disease and so on. https://www.bocsci.com/inhibitor-list-84.html

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BOC Sciences has major skills and a high degree of expertise in the field of fluorinated organic and inorganic chemicals, providing a creative and innovative range of building blocks, reagents and compressed and liquefied gases.  https://www.bocsci.com/fluorine-chemistry-service.html

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Fluorine Chemistry Service - BOC Sciences

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BOC Sciences has major skills and a high degree of expertise in the field of fluorinated organic and inorganic chemicals, providing a creative and innovative range of building blocks, reagents and compressed and liquefied gases.

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Peficitinib, also known as ASP015K and JNJ-54781532, is a novel potent JAK inhibitor, which demonstrated potent efficacy in adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. ASP015K inhibited JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 enzyme activities with IC50 values of 3.9, 5.0, 0.71 and 4.8 nM, respectively. ASP015K inhibited the IL-2-induced proliferation of human T cells with an IC50value of 18 nM. Moreover, ASP015K was 14-fold more potent against JAK1/3 than JAK2/2 on the basis of EPO-induced proliferation of human leukemia cells. ASP015K has the potential to demonstrate JAK1/3-mediated immunomodulatory effects without the occurrence of JAK2-mediated hematopoietic effects. ASP015K may have potential use in prevention of rejection in solid organ transplantation; treatment of psoriasis; treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. https://www.bocsci.com/peficitinib-cas-944118-01-8-item-462759.html

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Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib) is a novel inhibitor of JAK3 with IC50 of 1 nM, 20- to 100-fold less potent against JAK2 and JAK1.It is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the United States. https://www.bocsci.com/tofacitinib-cas-477600-75-2-item-84-453466.html

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A pharmaceutical intermediate is an organic compound produced during steps in the synthesis of an API that must undergo further molecular change or processing before it becomes an API. It is a “stepping stone” in the synthesis of the final product. https://www.bocsci.com/intermediates-list-52.html

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BOC Sciences’ X-ray crystallography service utilizes its experiences and proprietary technology to assist clients in employing X-ray crystallography characterisation in their drug discovery. Our services include crystallization screening, X-ray crystallography and structure determination. In particular, BOC Sciences is expertise in co-crystallization of protein with small molecule. Please contact us for the discussion and counseling of your project.

https://www.bocsci.com/crystallization-services.html

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Ursodeoxycholic acid is a cell protectant used extensively to mitigate hepatic and biliary diseases. It may be used to study its specific activities that range from reduction of cholesterol absorption, cholesterol gallstone dissolution to suppression of immune response. https://www.bocsci.com/ursodeoxycholic-acid-cas-128-13-2-item-464698.html

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CAS 946414-94-4 nivolumab - BOC Sciences

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Boc Sciences offers cas 946414-94-4 nivolumab in bulk,please inquire us to get a quote for 946414-94-4 nivolumab.

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CAS 1051375-19-9 Dolutegravir sodium - BOC Sciences

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Boc Sciences offers cas 1051375-19-9 Dolutegravir sodium in bulk,please inquire us to get a quote for 1051375-19-9 Dolutegravir sodium.

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Dolutegravir (GSK1349572) is a two-metal-binding HIV integrase inhibitor with IC50 of 2.7 nM, modest activity against raltegravir-resistant signature mutants Y143R, Q148K, N155H, and G140S/Q148H.https://www.bocsci.com/dolutegravir-gsk1349572-cas-1051375-16-6-item-438457.html

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In the absence of three-dimensional (3D) structures of potential drug targets, ligand-based drug design is one of the most popular approaches for drug discovery and lead optimization.

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BOC Sciences has significant experience performing risk assessments and subsequent statistically designed experimentation for understanding the parameters and quality attributes that impact the clinical performance and safety of formulations, manufacturability of dosage forms, and stability in primary packaging.

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Small-molecule Inhibitors (Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators) - BOC Sciences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Small-molecule Inhibitors (Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators) can be provided by BOC Sciences with high quality and optimal prices. Most of our products can be supplied ranging from milligrams to kilograms scale and arrived with analytic report.

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| checkpoint inhibitors

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High quality Cancer Immunotherapy products can be provided from Boc Sciences.

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| Vitamin D Impurities

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vitamin d and impurities | vitamin d3 | vitamin d2 | cholecalciferol | ergocalciferol | vitamin d3 impurities | vitamin d2 impurities

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Vitamin D and Impurities | Vitamin D3 | Vitamin D2 | Cholecalciferol | Ergocalciferol | Vitamin D3 Impurities | Vitamin D2 Impurities - BOC Sciences

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BOC Sciences provides a wide range of bulk and specialty compounds to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. We intend to offer you the products of the highest quality at the most reasonable, cost efficient prices. Most of our compounds can be supplied ranging from mg to kg and arrive with analytic report.

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| Calcipotriol Impurities

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Calcipotriol and Impurities - BOC Sciences

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BOC Sciences provides a wide range of bulk and specialty compounds to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. We intend to offer you the products of the highest quality at the most reasonable, cost efficient prices. Most of our compounds can be supplied ranging from mg to kg and arrive with analytic report.

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Calcitriol and Impurities - BOC Sciences

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BOC Sciences provides a wide range of bulk and specialty compounds to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. We intend to offer you the products of the highest quality at the most reasonable, cost efficient prices. Most of our compounds can be supplied ranging from mg to kg and arrive with analytic report.

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Vitamin D2 and Impurities

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Vitamin D2 and Impurities - BOC Sciences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BOC Sciences provides a wide range of bulk and specialty compounds to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. We intend to offer you the products of the highest quality at the most reasonable, cost efficient prices. Most of our compounds can be supplied ranging from mg to kg and arrive with analytic report.

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Small-molecule Inhibitors (Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators) - BOC Sciences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Small-molecule Inhibitors (Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators) can be provided by BOC Sciences with high quality and optimal prices. Most of our products can be supplied ranging from milligrams to kilograms scale and arrived with analytic report.

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mTOR Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality mTOR inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has drawn much attention because of its essential role in cell growth control and its involvement in human tumorigenesis. The prevailing view is that mTOR regulates many fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth and survival, by integrating both intracellular and extracellular signals, including growth factors, nutrients, energy levels, and cellular stress.

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High quality IDO Inhibitors can be provided from Boc Sciences. IDO inhibitors is a substance that inhibits that activity of the IDO protein.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BOC Sciences provides a wide range of bulk and specialty compounds to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. We intend to offer you the products of the highest quality at the most reasonable, cost efficient prices. Most of our compounds can be supplied ranging from mg to kg and arrive with analytic report.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BOC Sciences provides a wide range of bulk and specialty compounds to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. We intend to offer you the products of the highest quality at the most reasonable, cost efficient prices. Most of our compounds can be supplied ranging from mg to kg and arrive with analytic report.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BOC Sciences' X-ray crystallography service utilizes its experiences and proprietary technology to assist clients in employing X-ray crystallography characterisation in their drug discovery.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Small-molecule Inhibitors (Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators) - BOC Sciences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Small-molecule Inhibitors (Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators) can be provided by BOC Sciences with high quality and optimal prices. Most of our products can be supplied ranging from milligrams to kilograms scale and arrived with analytic report.

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JNK Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality JNK inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Integrated Services on Drug Discovery - BOC Sciences

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At BOC Sciences, our expertise in multi-disciplinary sciences offers integration drug discovery services to our clients in pharmaceutical industries, small business and research institutes across the world. We are here to help you discovering and characterizing novel drug candidates for preclinical development, from hit ID to IND.

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The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has drawn much attention because of its essential role in cell growth control and its involvement in human tumorigenesis. The prevailing view is that mTOR regulates many fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth and survival, by integrating both intracellular and extracellular signals, including growth factors, nutrients, energy levels, and cellular stress.

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Custom Synthesis, Organic Chemical Synthesis, Chemical Reaction Synthesis - BOC Sciences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BOC Sciences provides Custom Chemical Synthesis services to the customers. We provide safe, cost-effective process R&D, Compound Libraries, PEG derivatives, X-ray crystallography, API and consulting services.

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HDAC Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality HDAC inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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High quality Hsp90 Inhibitors can be provided from Boc Sciences. Hsp90 inhibitors is a substance that inhibits that activity of the Hsp90 protein.

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Extracellular signals received by JNK via its upstream kinases through the appropriate MAPK modules are generally transmitted to the nucleus by phosphorylation of its nuclear substrates. Notwithstanding the transmission of signals to the nucleus, JNKs have also been implicated in associating with proteins in the plasma membrane, thereby regulating cellular movement and other hitherto unidentified functions independent of regulation of gene expression.

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Find it at BOC Sciences.

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Akt Inhibitors, Agonists and Modulators - BOC Sciences

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A wide range of bulk and speciality Akt inhibitors can be provided by BOC Sciences to the pharmaceutical, argochemical and biotechnology industries.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common form of dementia today. It is estimated that more than 10% of people over the age of 65 are affected and, with this sector of the population increasing more rapidly than any other, So it is easy to see why developing pharmacologic treatments (medications) available for Alzheimer's disease that slows or stops the damage and destruction of neurons that cause Alzheimer's symptoms is the focus of much current research. BOC Sciences provides chemicals that can be used to cure AD.

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BOC Sciences’ integrated capabilities for development of antibody-drug conjugates:

• Analytical method: HPLC, UPLC, LCMS, UV, FL, cSDS, cIEF, CZE, DSC, TGA, ELISA, DLS, HIAC;

• Synthesis and characterization of small molecule drugs;

• Conjugated antibodies, polymers, proteins and fluorophores;

• Biotin, ADC, Polymer–drug, Polymer-drug-target ligand conjugation;

• Drug substance characterization;

• Process development;

• Technology transfer;

• Analytical method development and validation.

http://www.bocsci.com/antibody-drug-conjugates-services.html

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At BOC Sciences, you can find a wide variety of custom services which range from bulk compounds to specialty species in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and biotechnology industries. We are committed to providing our customers with the best products and services at the most competitive prices. Given diverse packing options for most of our chemicals, you are welcome to order the desired compounds in any quantities from a few mg to several kg along with all the relevant technical reports. We sincerely hope that our unremitting pursuits of excellence, success, and professionalism will add immense value to your research and development projects! http://www.bocsci.com/

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BOC Sciences’ scientists are skilled in the latest methods in synthetic organic chemistry to work closely with clients. We ensure high quality standard and on time, in full delivery. BOC Sciences has an expertise in the design and preparation of multi-step targets on scales ranging from milligrams to kilograms. Our scientists in the chemistry team are well trained to focus efforts to evaluate the synthesis. Normally, your inquiries will be addressed within 48 hours upon receipt of request. We will offer a ballpark price and a lead time for the project in a timely manner. BOC Sciences honors its quoted price even when the project might require more work than anticipated. We won't charge our clients for failed syntheses.
http://www.bocsci.com/custom-synthesis.html