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Source: https://www.biography.com/people/steve-jobs-9354805

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After more than two years in the making, Apple CEO Steve Jobs Tuesday announced the company's intention to enter the mobile handset market, unveiling the new Apple iPhone. The iPhone brings together several features of the iPod, digital camera, smart phones and even portable computing to one device, with a widescreen display and an innovative input method.

"Every once in a while a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything," Jobs said.

Featuring a new input technology called "Multi-Touch" the iPhone features only a single physical button, called "home." You control the phone by sliding a finger across its touch-sensitive 3.5-inch display, which has a resolution of 320-by-480 pixels at 160 pixels-per-inch display.

The iPhone, which runs Mac OS X, has full iTunes integration and can seamlessly sync data with a Mac, PC, or Internet service, including music and videos from iTunes, contacts, calendars, photos, notes, bookmarks and e-mail accounts.

The 0.46-inch (11.6-millimeter) thick device weighs 4.8 ounces (135 grams) and sports a 2-megapixel camera, volume control, ring-silent switch, 3.5-millimeter headset/audio jack, SIM tray, "sleep-wake" switch, speaker, microphone, and a 30-pin iPod dock connector. The quad-band GSM (850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz) + EDGE phone also has 802.11b/g Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 2.0 capabilities. Jobs noted 3G capabilities will come in the future.

Three smart sensors also help control the iPhone's behavior. A proximity sensor shuts down the display and touchscreen when the phone is held to the ear. An ambient light sensor automatically adjusts screen brightness to save power. Meanwhile, an accelerometer lets the phone know whether to display in portrait or landscape mode.

Despite the phone's revolutionary features, Jobs claimed that the phone's strongest feature was its redefinition of how calls are made.

"We want to reinvent the phone," Jobs said. "What's the killer app? The killer app is making calls. It's amazing how hard it is to make calls on phones. We want you to use contacts like never before."

A Visual Voice-mail feature allows users to skip directly to voice mails they want to hear. An easy-to-use conference call feature lets users connect two calls with one touch of the screen. Text messaging on the iPhone is similar to iChat, with user dialogue encased in bubbles and with familiar iChat sounds, and a touch keyboard appears below for entering text.

The iPhone uses its Wi-Fi and EDGE capabilities to automatically connect to the Internet. Internet connectivity includes HTML-capable e-mail that works with any IMAP or POP3 e-mail service. Jobs also announced that Yahoo will offer free push e-mail-similar to the e-mail system on a Blackberry-to all iPhone customers.

Apple also included its Safari web browser, and the phone can use its Internet capabilities to view standard Web pages, rather than WAP versions of pages. Integrated Google Maps functionality lets users look up locations, search for local businesses, and view satellite imagery. The iPhone also supports Dashboard widgets, and Apple announced it will include weather and stock widgets.

The iPhone's photo management features are equally interesting. Its software enables users to use a "pinching" motion to zoom in and out of pictures, and to orient pictures in standard or landscape mode. When playing music, the iPhone can automatically adjust levels up or down as calls come in.

The iPhone will come in two versions: a 4GB, $499 model and an 8GB, $599 model. Both will require a two-year contract with Cingular, the exclusive U.S. carrier. Both models will be available beginning in June from Apple Stores and from Cingular.

Jobs said Apple plans to bring the iPhone to Europe in the fourth calendar quarter of 2007, and to Asia in 2008. Jobs also mentioned two accessories for the iPhone: stereo headphones with integrated microphone, and a Bluetooth headset that pairs automatically with the iPhone and goes to sleep to preserve battery life.

Editor's Note: This story was updated at 1:55 p.m. PT to include more information about the iPhone's features, accessories, and availability.

This story, "Apple unveils iPhone" was originally published by .

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After more than two years in the making, Apple CEO Steve Jobs Tuesday announced the company's intention to enter the mobile handset market, unveiling the new Apple iPhone. The iPhone brings together several features of the iPod, digital camera, smart phones and even portable computing to one device, with a widescreen display and an innovative input method.

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Steve Jobs: How to live before you die | TED Talk

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At his Stanford University commencement speech, Steve Jobs, CEO and co-founder of Apple and Pixar, urges us to pursue our dreams and see the opportunities in life’s setbacks -- including death itself.

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With Steve Jobs' passing, we have lost one of the greatest technological innovators of our time. Jobs wasn't just a savvy businessman, he was a visionary who made it his mission to humanize personal computing, rewriting the rules of user experience design, hardware design and software design. His actions reverberated across industry lines: He shook up the music business, dragged the wireless carriers into the boxing ring, changed the way software and hardware are sold and forever altered the language of computer interfaces. Along the way, he built Apple up into one of the most valuable corporations in the world. Quite a run. He will be missed.

Apple Computer was founded on April 1, 1976 by a small group headed by Jobs, engineer Steve Wozniak and industry vet Ronald Wayne, who was brought in to provide "adult supervision." Priced at $666.66, Apple's first computer was little more than a circuit board. Once you bought one, you still had to hook up your own keyboard, monitor and power supply. As such, the Apple appealed mostly to the DIY hardware hackers of the day, who had these things on hand already. Photo by Kevin T. Houle/Flickr

The company hit the jackpot one year later with 1977's Apple II, a fully assembled desktop computer in a handsome case. Hackers still took to it because of its expandability. More importantly, schools used it to teach programming (it ran Integer BASIC) and offices started snatching them up once VisiCalc launched on the nascent platform.

The Macintosh arrived in 1984, and it was the first computer to successfully integrate two things that are now commonplace: a graphical user interface and a mouse. Little pictures of folders, the piece of paper denoting a file, the trash can - most of us learned how all of these things worked when we sat down at the Mac. Drag-and-drop, too. Apple launched the Macintosh with a massive media campaign spearheaded by a minute-long TV commercial (riffing on Orwell's 1984) that aired during the Super Bowl. http://www.youtube.com/embed/OYecfV3ubP8

Only a few months after launching the Macintosh, Apple released the Apple IIc, a slimmed-down version of the Apple II that was much more portable. It had a handle on the back so you could carry it around comfortably with one hand. It wasn't quite a laptop - the monitor and power supply weren't attached - and the guts weren't a whole lot different than what you got in the bigger Apple II models. But the little white eight-pound box was an important step for desktop computers. It was one of the first small-form-factor PCs to hit the market, signaling the industry-wide move toward compact, integrated designs that would come later. Also, its diminutive size and unassuming looks were far less intimidating than the hulking machines common in the mid-1980s. It was an era when computers beginning to creep into middle-class homes, and first-time buyers found the IIc a "friendly" and appealing option. It looked equally attractive in the family room as it did in the office.

It cost $7,000 and was bigger than your microwave. But put one on your desk and you could publish your own newspaper. The LaserWriter wasn't the first desktop laser printer to hit the market, but it was the first created for the Macintosh, and the first to use the cutting-edge PostScript language that gave designers a new level of control over page layout, text options, and graphics. It was announced on the same day as its killer app, Aldus PageMaker. So while the LaserWriter wasn't the first shot fired in the desktop publishing revolution, it was the first to draw blood.

Steve Jobs bought Pixar in 1986. At the time, it was a small group of engineers spun off from the computer graphics department at Lucasfilm. Jobs paid $5 million to George Lucas and sank $5 million of his own money into the company. His original vision for Pixar was to develop graphics-rendering hardware and software, but the business eventually evolved into an animation studio. Jobs signed a distribution deal with Disney and Pixar began cranking out a string of hit family films, all of them computer-animated. 1995's Toy Story was the first blockbuster. Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Cars, WALL-E and Up followed. Accolades and Oscars came rolling in, along with massive mountains of cash. In 2006, Jobs flipped his original $10 million investment, selling Pixar to Disney for $7.4 billion in stock. That's one hell of an exit.

After the success of the Macintosh, Jobs was marginalized by Apple's board of directors, so he left to found a new computer company called NeXT. Without Jobs at the helm, Apple floundered through the early 1990s. A series of missteps eventually caused the company's market share to fall into the low single digits. Meanwhile, Jobs launched a new computer system at NeXT. Its most famous workstation was an austere black cube - Jobs constantly pushed his designers to experiment with innovative case constructions throughout his career - that cost $6,500. It ran a new operating system, NeXTSTEP, which was based on Unix. Though it was pricey, it was fast and especially adept at math functions, and it had a built-in Ethernet port in an age when most computers still needed a network interface card. Because of these high-end features, NeXT boxes were ignored by the mass market, but quickly snatched up by academics and programmers. Tim Berners-Lee used one to write the first web server and the first web browser. The first server node on the World Wide Web was a NeXT box.

After NeXT failed to gain traction, Jobs sold the company to Apple and came back into the fold in 1996. Two years later, the company released a complete rewrite of the desktop PC - the candy-colored iMac. It kicked the boring beige PC box to the curb, and it marked the return of the revolutionary all-in-one design first introduced by the original Macintosh. The first iMac was a runaway hit, and the all-in-one design is still used by today's iMac (and widely copied by other PC manufacturers).

Jobs wasn't ready to let go of his dream of a cube-shaped computer, which he first tried at NeXT. He encouraged Apple designer Jonathan Ive to work the shape into the Power Mac line, and the company pumped out the eight-inch clear acrylic cube in 2000. It didn't do so hot. It was $1,800, the disk drive had problems, and the case developed stress cracks easily. Still, it was a forward-thinking step that design nerds still drool over. There's even one in the MoMA's permanent collection.

The first iPod was a $400 MP3 player with a 5-gigabyte hard drive and a mechanical scroll wheel that didn't sync to Windows machines. Not a very likely candidate for the device that would completely change the music industry. But it did, pouring fuel on the fire of online mayhem lit by Napster and creating a mindset among music device buyers where ease-of-use, convenience and sex appeal trump all other features. The iPod's all-white design was minimalist compared to other players that came before and, more importantly, the user interface was remarkably easy for anyone who picked it up to figure out. The hardware had its quirks - if you got sand in the scroll wheel, you'd get stuck listening to Spin Doctors all day - but it was quickly refined to incorporate further innovations: the touch-wheel, a color screen for watching videos and eventually, the industry-standard touchscreen.

When Steve Jobs returned to Apple, he ordered a rethink of the Mac's native operating system. Of course, he pushed for NeXTSTEP - the Unix-based OS he developed independently and sold to Apple in 1996 - to serve as the blueprint. Eventually surfacing in 2001, Mac OS X was a complete departure from earlier Mac operating systems and, as Jobs had promised, a true "next generation" OS. It appealed to novices fluent in Windows (enabling the craze of "switching") but it retained enough of its Unix guts and enough of Apple's well-established interface conventions to keep the Apple geeks interested.

Walk into any big-box store - BestBuy, Wal-Mart, Target - and go to the computer department in the back. Look at all the PCs on display. It's a mess of machinery, heaps of humming boxes all shaped, priced and configured differently. The sales people aren't always well-trained, and concise technical answers are difficult to come by.
Jobs understood purchasing decisions are made on the sales floor, and he didn't want Apple's appeal to get lost in the quagmire of somebody else's retail failure. His solution? Build your own house. Apple retail stores began popping up in 2001. Everything about their environment is tightly controlled. Only Apple computers are displayed and accessories are thoughtfully curated. Employees are approachable and well-trained, and they carry hand-held point-of-sales devices. Every store has a Genius Bar, the retail-level customer support help desk, and most have a classroom where you can learn how to use your Mac. There are now over 300 Apple Stores worldwide. Even more phenomenal than the boost they provide to Apple sales is the way they fuel the Apple culture. On regular days, the stores buzz with the excitement of a crowded nightclub. On product launch days, eager customers queue up for hours, even days.

iTunes was the first hint at Jobs' vision to turn the home PC into a "digital lifestyle hub." That plan was cemented in 2003 by the debut of the iTunes Store. Suddenly, it wasn't just about creating or collecting media, but purchasing it, too. And because it was directly plugged into the iPods everyone already owned, the iTunes Store was a huge hit. With it came the era of the digital single, easily downloadable for $0.99 and offering instant satisfaction. Of course, the record companies weren't happy to see their monopoly on distribution challenged. But traditional retail tapered while iTunes exploded. Tower Records folded. Virgin Megastores were boarded up. By 2007, Apple was selling 5 million songs a day.

In 2006, Jobs announced that Apple would be switching from PowerPC processors to Intel's Core Duo chips. The MacBook Pro, released soon after the announcement, was Apple's first laptop with an Intel CPU.
The whole Apple line was transitioned to Intel before the end of the year, an astonishingly short period of time. Jobs said he and the Apple engineers felt the PowerPC architecture had hit a ceiling and wasn't improving fast enough. By switching to Intel, the average clock speeds of Macs were drastically improved, especially in laptops. Sales soared, too, as Apple laptops could finally compete on both price and performance with Windows-based machines (and they could even run Windows).

During his keynote address at Macworld 2007, Jobs said Apple would announce three things: "A widescreen iPod with touch controls, a revolutionary mobile phone and a breakthrough internet communications device. An iPod, a phone and an internet communicator." Of course, it was all three of those things in one - the iPhone. Years on, Apple's phone has not only completely changed our expectations of how a smartphone should look, feel and behave, but Jobs' famous wrangling with the wireless carriers has toppled the long-standing power structure in the industry. Before Apple, carriers insisted on controlling the hardware and software on their phones. Now, if they want the hottest phones, the carriers have to play ball.

The next time you're in an Apple Store, take a look at that constantly shrinking shelf of boxed software. Smells like 2007, right? With the arrival of the iPhone SDK in 2008, developers could create their own native apps for the iPhone and sell them through the App Store built into iTunes. This not only set up a clean, centralized distribution model for apps, but also introduced a budget-minded pricing structure - $1 and $2 apps - that encouraged you to download as many apps as you wanted. It was a boon for developers. Unfortunately, it also earned Apple the title of "Gatekeeper," souring relationships with developers who were suddenly subjected to the company's arcane app approval guidelines. But the damage is done. Today, it's all about apps.

When it showed up in 2008, the MacBook Air was touted as "the world's thinnest notebook." Thin and light have always been sexy, but this one was weird. It shipped without an optical drive. You could buy an external DVD drive if you really needed one, or you could simply "borrow" another computer's DVD drive and beam the data over Wi-Fi. Even though many laughed at the notion, the Air was Exhibit A to those predicting the death of the optical drive. Close to four years later, disks and drives are still around, but they are disappearing quickly as software increasingly moves into the browser and into cloud-based app stores. Also, Windows laptop manufacturers are now competing in an entirely new category: "ultrabooks." These super-portable laptops cost a little more, but they are thin, very light, use SSDs, ship without optical drives and are fitted into brushed metal cases - just like the MacBook Air.

It's the device everyone wanted Apple to create, even though most of us weren't sure how it was going to fit into our lives once it got here. But Jobs got sentimental when showing off the first iPad in 2010. He said it was a culmination of years of work, starting with OS X, then iTunes, then the iPhone, then the App Store. The shockwaves are still evident more than a year later as manufacturers race to catch up, pumping out their own tablets. But they can't match Apple's success. The iPad 2 was Steve's swan song. We all felt it, but few chose to accept it. What nobody can argue is that the man went out on top, crossing the finish line well ahead of everyone else.

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With Steve Jobs' passing, we have lost one of the greatest technological innovators of our time. Jobs wasn't just a savvy businessman, he was a visionary who made it his mission to humanize personal computing, rewriting the rules of user experience design, hardware design and software design.

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Excerpted from the book Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez, Atria Books. Foreword by Elliott Erwitt, Introduction by Kurt Andersen.

In 1985, documentary photographer Doug Menuez approached Apple founder Steve Jobs with a big request.

He had heard that Jobs had been forced out of Apple and was starting his own personal computing company, NeXT, and Menuez wanted to document the efforts of Jobs and his team.

Jobs agreed, allowing Menuez the rare opportunity to photograph his team throughout the next three years, which would (30 years later) evolve into the backbone of Menuez's book "Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley."

This week, Menuez is publishing excerpts and photos from "Fearless Genius" on photo sharing app Storehouse, which marks the first time many of Menuez's photos of Steve Jobs have been available to see online.

Menuez has agreed to allow Business Insider to publish a selection of his photos accompanied by his descriptions of the circumstances surrounding each moment, which you can see below.

Steve Jobs Explaining Ten Year Technology Development Cycles: Sonoma, California, 1986.

Excerpted from the book Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez, Atria Books. Foreword by Elliott Erwitt, Introduction by Kurt Andersen.

Excerpted from the book Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez, Atria Books. Foreword by Elliott Erwitt, Introduction by Kurt Andersen.

Excerpted from the book Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez, Atria Books. Foreword by Elliott Erwitt, Introduction by Kurt Andersen.

Excerpted from the book Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez, Atria Books. Foreword by Elliott Erwitt, Introduction by Kurt Andersen.

Excerpted from the book Fearless Genius: The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez, Atria Books. Foreword by Elliott Erwitt, Introduction by Kurt Andersen.

Note: All photos used with express permission from Doug Menuez and Storehouse. To see more of Menuez's excerpts from his time with Steve Jobs and NeXT,click here.

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REVEALED: Rare, Older Photos Of Steve Jobs From After He Was Tossed From Apple

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In 1985, documentary photographer Doug Menuez approached Apple founder Steve Jobs with a big request. He had heard that Jobs had been forced out of Apple and was starting his own personal computing company, NeXT, and Menuez wanted to document the efforts of Jobs and his team.

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By then, having mastered digital technology and capitalized on his intuitive marketing sense, Mr. Jobs had largely come to define the personal computer industry and an array of digital consumer and entertainment businesses centered on the Internet. He had also become a very rich man, worth an estimated $8.3 billion.

Tributes to Mr. Jobs flowed quickly on Wednesday evening, in formal statements and in the flow of social networks, with President Obama, technology industry leaders and legions of Apple fans weighing in.

"For those of us lucky enough to get to work with Steve, it's been an insanely great honor," said Bill Gates, the Microsoft co-founder. "I will miss Steve immensely."

A Twitter user named Matt Galligan wrote: "R.I.P. Steve Jobs. You touched an ugly world of technology and made it beautiful."

Eight years after founding Apple, Mr. Jobs led the team that designed the Macintosh computer, a breakthrough in making personal computers easier to use. After a 12-year separation from the company, prompted by a bitter falling-out with his chief executive, John Sculley, he returned in 1997 to oversee the creation of one innovative digital device after another - the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. These transformed not only product categories like music players and cellphones but also entire industries, like music and mobile communications.

During his years outside Apple, he bought a tiny computer graphics spinoff from the director George Lucas and built a team of computer scientists, artists and animators that became Pixar Animation Studios.

Starting with "Toy Story" in 1995, Pixar produced a string of hit movies, won several Academy Awards for artistic and technological excellence, and made the full-length computer-animated film a mainstream art form enjoyed by children and adults worldwide.

Mr. Jobs was neither a hardware engineer nor a software programmer, nor did he think of himself as a manager. He considered himself a technology leader, choosing the best people possible, encouraging and prodding them, and making the final call on product design.

It was an executive style that had evolved. In his early years at Apple, his meddling in tiny details maddened colleagues, and his criticism could be caustic and even humiliating. But he grew to elicit extraordinary loyalty.

"He was the most passionate leader one could hope for, a motivating force without parallel," wrote Steven Levy, author of the 1994 book "Insanely Great," which chronicles the creation of the Mac. "Tom Sawyer could have picked up tricks from Steve Jobs."

"Toy Story," for example, took four years to make while Pixar struggled, yet Mr. Jobs never let up on his colleagues. "'You need a lot more than vision - you need a stubbornness, tenacity, belief and patience to stay the course," said Edwin Catmull, a computer scientist and a co-founder of Pixar. "In Steve's case, he pushes right to the edge, to try to make the next big step forward."

Mr. Jobs was the ultimate arbiter of Apple products, and his standards were exacting. Over the course of a year he tossed out two iPhone prototypes, for example, before approving the third, and began shipping it in June 2007.

To his understanding of technology he brought an immersion in popular culture. In his 20s, he dated Joan Baez; Ella Fitzgerald sang at his 30th birthday party. His worldview was shaped by the '60s counterculture in the San Francisco Bay Area, where he had grown up, the adopted son of a Silicon Valley machinist. When he graduated from high school in Cupertino in 1972, he said, "the very strong scent of the 1960s was still there."

After dropping out of Reed College, a stronghold of liberal thought in Portland, Ore., in 1972, Mr. Jobs led a countercultural lifestyle himself. He told a reporter that taking LSD was one of the two or three most important things he had done in his life. He said there were things about him that people who had not tried psychedelics - even people who knew him well, including his wife - could never understand.

Decades later he flew around the world in his own corporate jet, but he maintained emotional ties to the period in which he grew up. He often felt like an outsider in the corporate world, he said. When discussing the Silicon Valley's lasting contributions to humanity, he mentioned in the same breath the invention of the microchip and "The Whole Earth Catalog," a 1960s counterculture publication.

Apple's very name reflected his unconventionality. In an era when engineers and hobbyists tended to describe their machines with model numbers, he chose the name of a fruit, supposedly because of his dietary habits at the time.

Coming on the scene just as computing began to move beyond the walls of research laboratories and corporations in the 1970s, Mr. Jobs saw that computing was becoming personal - that it could do more than crunch numbers and solve scientific and business problems - and that it could even be a force for social and economic change. And at a time when hobbyist computers were boxy wooden affairs with metal chassis, he designed the Apple II as a sleek, low-slung plastic package intended for the den or the kitchen. He was offering not just products but a digital lifestyle.

He put much stock in the notion of "taste," a word he used frequently. It was a sensibility that shone in products that looked like works of art and delighted users. Great products, he said, were a triumph of taste, of "trying to expose yourself to the best things humans have done and then trying to bring those things into what you are doing."

Regis McKenna, a longtime Silicon Valley marketing executive to whom Mr. Jobs turned in the late 1970s to help shape the Apple brand, said Mr. Jobs's genius lay in his ability to simplify complex, highly engineered products, "to strip away the excess layers of business, design and innovation until only the simple, elegant reality remained."

Mr. Jobs's own research and intuition, not focus groups, were his guide. When asked what market research went into the iPad, Mr. Jobs replied: "None. It's not the consumers' job to know what they want."
Early Interests
Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 1955, and surrendered for adoption by his biological parents, Joanne Carole Schieble and Abdulfattah Jandali, a graduate student from Syria who became a political science professor. He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs.

The elder Mr. Jobs, who worked in finance and real estate before returning to his original trade as a machinist, moved his family down the San Francisco Peninsula to Mountain View and then to Los Altos in the 1960s.

Mr. Jobs developed an early interest in electronics. He was mentored by a neighbor, an electronics hobbyist, who built Heathkit do-it-yourself electronics projects. He was brash from an early age. As an eighth grader, after discovering that a crucial part was missing from a frequency counter he was assembling, he telephoned William Hewlett, the co-founder of Hewlett-Packard. Mr. Hewlett spoke with the boy for 20 minutes, prepared a bag of parts for him to pick up and offered him a job as a summer intern.

Mr. Jobs met Mr. Wozniak while attending Homestead High School in neighboring Cupertino. The two took an introductory electronics class there.

The spark that ignited their partnership was provided by Mr. Wozniak's mother. Mr. Wozniak had graduated from high school and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, when she sent him an article from the October 1971 issue of Esquire magazine. The article, "Secrets of the Little Blue Box," by Ron Rosenbaum, detailed an underground hobbyist culture of young men known as phone phreaks who were illicitly exploring the nation's phone system.

Mr. Wozniak shared the article with Mr. Jobs, and the two set out to track down an elusive figure identified in the article as Captain Crunch. The man had taken the name from his discovery that a whistle that came in boxes of Cap'n Crunch cereal was tuned to a frequency that made it possible to make free long-distance calls simply by blowing the whistle next to a phone handset.

Captain Crunch was John Draper, a former Air Force electronic technician, and finding him took several weeks. Learning that the two young hobbyists were searching for him, Mr. Draper had arranged to come to Mr. Wozniak's Berkeley dormitory room. Mr. Jobs, who was still in high school, had traveled to Berkeley for the meeting. When Mr. Draper arrived, he entered the room saying simply, "It is I!"

Based on information they gleaned from Mr. Draper, Mr. Wozniak and Mr. Jobs later collaborated on building and selling blue boxes, devices that were widely used for making free - and illegal - phone calls. They raised a total of $6,000 from the effort.

After enrolling at Reed College in 1972, Mr. Jobs left after one semester, but remained in Portland for another 18 months auditing classes. In a commencement address given at Stanford in 2005, he said he had decided to leave college because it was consuming all of his parents' savings.

Leaving school, however, also freed his curiosity to follow his interests. "I didn't have a dorm room," he said in his Stanford speech, "so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned Coke bottles for the 5-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on."

He returned to Silicon Valley in 1974 and took a job there as a technician at Atari, the video game manufacturer. Still searching for his calling, he left after several months and traveled to India with a college friend, Daniel Kottke, who would later become an early Apple employee. Mr. Jobs returned to Atari that fall. In 1975, he and Mr. Wozniak, then working as an engineer at H.P., began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club, a hobbyist group that met at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park, Calif. Personal computing had been pioneered at research laboratories adjacent to Stanford, and it was spreading to the outside world.

"What I remember is how intense he looked," said Lee Felsenstein, a computer designer who was a Homebrew member. "He was everywhere, and he seemed to be trying to hear everything people had to say."

Mr. Wozniak designed the original Apple I computer simply to show it off to his friends at the Homebrew. It was Mr. Jobs who had the inspiration that it could be a commercial product.

In early 1976, he and Mr. Wozniak, using their own money, began Apple with an initial investment of $1,300; they later gained the backing of a former Intel executive, A. C. Markkula, who lent them $250,000. Mr. Wozniak would be the technical half and Mr. Jobs the marketing half of the original Apple I Computer. Starting out in the Jobs family garage in Los Altos, they moved the company to a small office in Cupertino shortly thereafter.

In April 1977, Mr. Jobs and Mr. Wozniak introduced Apple II at the West Coast Computer Faire in San Francisco. It created a sensation. Faced with a gaggle of small and large competitors in the emerging computer market, Apple, with its Apple II, had figured out a way to straddle the business and consumer markets by building a computer that could be customized for specific applications.

Sales skyrocketed, from $2 million in 1977 to $600 million in 1981, the year the company went public. By 1983 Apple was in the Fortune 500. No company had ever joined the list so quickly.

The Apple III, introduced in May 1980, was intended to dominate the desktop computer market. I.B.M. would not introduce its original personal computer until 1981. But the Apple III had a host of technical problems, and Mr. Jobs shifted his focus to a new and ultimately short-lived project, an office workstation computer code-named Lisa.
An Apocalyptic Moment
By then Mr. Jobs had made his much-chronicled 1979 visit to Xerox's research center in Palo Alto, where he saw the Alto, an experimental personal computer system that foreshadowed modern desktop computing. The Alto, controlled by a mouse pointing device, was one of the first computers to employ a graphical video display, which presented the user with a view of documents and programs, adopting the metaphor of an office desktop.

"It was one of those sort of apocalyptic moments," Mr. Jobs said of his visit in a 1995 oral history interview for the Smithsonian Institution. "I remember within 10 minutes of seeing the graphical user interface stuff, just knowing that every computer would work this way someday. It was so obvious once you saw it. It didn't require tremendous intellect. It was so clear."

In 1981 he joined a small group of Apple engineers pursuing a separate project, a lower-cost system code-named Macintosh. The machine was introduced in January 1984 and trumpeted during the Super Bowl telecast by a 60-second commercial, directed by Ridley Scott, that linked I.B.M., then the dominant PC maker, with Orwell's Big Brother.

A year earlier Mr. Jobs had lured Mr. Sculley to Apple to be its chief executive. A former Pepsi-Cola chief executive, Mr. Sculley was impressed by Mr. Jobs's pitch: "Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water, or do you want a chance to change the world?"

He went on to help Mr. Jobs introduce a number of new computer models, including an advanced version of the Apple II and later the Lisa and Macintosh desktop computers. Through them Mr. Jobs popularized the graphical user interface, which, based on a mouse pointing device, would become the standard way to control computers.

But when the Lisa failed commercially and early Macintosh sales proved disappointing, the two men became estranged and a power struggle ensued, and Mr. Jobs lost control of the Lisa project. The board ultimately stripped him of his operational role, taking control of the Lisa project away from him, and 1,200 Apple employees were laid off. He left Apple in 1985.

"I don't wear the right kind of pants to run this company," he told a small gathering of Apple employees before he left, according to a member of the original Macintosh development team. He was barefoot as he spoke, and wearing blue jeans.

That September he announced a new venture, NeXT Inc. The aim was to build a workstation computer for the higher-education market. The next year, the Texas industrialist H. Ross Perot invested $20 million in the effort. But it did not achieve Mr. Jobs's goals.

Mr. Jobs also established a personal philanthropic foundation after leaving Apple but soon had a change of heart, deciding instead to spend much of his fortune - $10 million - on acquiring Pixar, a struggling graphics supercomputing company owned by the filmmaker George Lucas.

The purchase was a significant gamble; there was little market at the time for computer-animated movies. But that changed in 1995, when the company, with Walt Disney Pictures, released "Toy Story." That film's box-office receipts ultimately reached $362 million, and when Pixar went public in a record-breaking offering, Mr. Jobs emerged a billionaire. In 2006, the Walt Disney Company agreed to purchase Pixar for $7.4 billion. The sale made Mr. Jobs Disney's largest single shareholder, with about 7 percent of the company's stock.

His personal life also became more public. He had a number of well-publicized romantic relationships, including one with the folk singer Joan Baez, before marrying Laurene Powell. In 1996, his sister Mona Simpson, a novelist, threw a spotlight on her relationship with Mr. Jobs in the novel "A Regular Guy." The two did not meet until they were adults. The novel centered on a Silicon Valley entrepreneur who bore a close resemblance to Mr. Jobs. It was not an entirely flattering portrait. Mr. Jobs said about a quarter of it was accurate.

"We're family," he said of Ms. Simpson in an interview with The New York Times Magazine. "She's one of my best friends in the world. I call her and talk to her every couple of days."

His wife and Ms. Simpson survive him, as do his three children with Ms. Powell, his daughters Eve Jobs and Erin Sienna Jobs and a son, Reed; another daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs, from a relationship with Chrisann Brennan; and another sister, Patti Jobs.
Return to Apple
Eventually, Mr. Jobs refocused NeXT from the education to the business market and dropped the hardware part of the company, deciding to sell just an operating system. Although NeXT never became a significant computer industry player, it had a huge impact: a young programmer, Tim Berners-Lee, used a NeXT machine to develop the first version of the World Wide Web at the Swiss physics research center CERN in 1990.

In 1996, after unsuccessful efforts to develop next-generation operating systems, Apple, with Gilbert Amelio now in command, acquired NeXT for $430 million. The next year, Mr. Jobs returned to Apple as an adviser. He became chief executive again in 2000.

Shortly after returning, Mr. Jobs publicly ended Apple's long feud with its archrival Microsoft, which agreed to continue developing its Office software for the Macintosh and invested $150 million in Apple.

Once in control of Apple again, Mr. Jobs set out to reshape the consumer electronics industry. He pushed the company into the digital music business, introducing first iTunes and then the iPod MP3 player. The music arm grew rapidly, reaching almost 50 percent of the company's revenue by June 2008.

In 2005, Mr. Jobs announced that he would end Apple's business relationship with I.B.M. and Motorola and build Macintosh computers based on Intel microprocessors.

His fight with cancer was now publicly known. Apple had announced in 2004 that Mr. Jobs had a rare but curable form of pancreatic cancer and that he had undergone successful surgery. Four years later, questions about his health returned when he appeared at a company event looking gaunt. Afterward, he said he had suffered from a "common bug." Privately, he said his cancer surgery had created digestive problems but insisted they were not life-threatening.

Apple began selling the iPhone in June 2007. Mr. Jobs's goal was to sell 10 million of the handsets in 2008, equivalent to 1 percent of the global cellphone market. The company sold 11.6 million.

Although smartphones were already commonplace, the iPhone dispensed with a stylus and pioneered a touch-screen interface that quickly set the standard for the mobile computing market. Rolled out with much anticipation and fanfare, iPhone rocketed to popularity; by the end of 2010 the company had sold almost 90 million units.

Although Mr. Jobs took just a nominal $1 salary when he returned to Apple, his compensation became the source of a Silicon Valley scandal in 2006 over the backdating of millions of shares of stock options. But after a company investigation and one by the Securities and Exchange Commission, he was found not to have benefited financially from the backdating and no charges were brought.

The episode did little to taint Mr. Jobs's standing in the business and technology world. As the gravity of his illness became known, and particularly after he announced he was stepping down, he was increasingly hailed for his genius and true achievement: his ability to blend product design and business market innovation by integrating consumer-oriented software, microelectronic components, industrial design and new business strategies in a way that has not been matched.

If he had a motto, it may have come from "The Whole Earth Catalog," which he said had deeply influenced him as a young man. The book, he said in his commencement address at Stanford in 2005, ends with the admonition "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish."

"I have always wished that for myself," he said.

Correction: October 7, 2011

Correction: October 7, 2011

Correction: October 12, 2011

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By then, having mastered digital technology and capitalized on his intuitive marketing sense, Mr. Jobs had largely come to define the personal computer industry and an array of digital consumer and entertainment businesses centered on the Internet. He had also become a very rich man, worth an estimated $8.3 billion.

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It has been five years since Apple co-founder Steve Jobs passed away after a long-fought battle with pancreatic cancer, just six weeks after he stepped down as chief executive of the iPhone maker.

Today, Jobs is still remembered as an inspirational speaker and revolutionary innovator. Here are some of the best things he said over his four decades as one of the most important figures in the technology industry:

The only way to do great work is to love what you do.

Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle.

You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down.
Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

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Steve Jobs: His 10 most inspirational quotes

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It has been five years since Apple co-founder Steve Jobs passed away after a long-fought battle with pancreatic cancer, just six weeks after he stepped down as chief executive of the iPhone maker. Today, Jobs is still remembered as an inspirational speaker and revolutionary innovator.

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Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine (documentary)

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Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine (documentary)

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Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine. Dir. Alex Gibney. 2015.

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Steve Jobs - The Man in the Machine (Documentary)

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Watch this Documentary about #SteveJobs and decide for yourself whether Apple is still worth it. Learn about the positive and negatives! A Documentary from 2015.

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12 Things You'll Be Surprised To Learn About Steve Jobs

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Where do you think he owned the most valuable stock? Not Apple. Catch Jobs, starring Ashton Kutcher as Steve Jobs, in theaters August 16.

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This website is a repository of all things Steve Jobs - biography, pictures, videos of his keynotes and demos, quotes, interviews - you name it. It's also home to a blooming community of admirers of the late Apple founder. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or via RSS - and share it if you like it.

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg