# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
See all the wonderful things Stephanie Church has made

# data[].attributes.body
- design of footwear
- manufacture of footwear

# data[].attributes.body
Brief Description/Key Events:
- Incentives for free-trade agreements in global market
- Focus on innovation and development of new ideas
- Bigger use in synthetic fibres
- Push for more environmentally friendly methods
- Focus more on training designers/thinkers rather than laborers

Technological developments:
- Digital-printing
- CAD (3d imaging)
- 3D Printing
- Performance materials (Gore-tex, nano self-repair, pineapple leather, spider-silk)
- Computerised knitting and weaving)
- New equipment (Laser cutting, computer-linked sewing)

Workforce issues:
- Lack of jobs for laborers with processes becoming automated

Social and economic impact:
- Big environmental impacts
- change in style, size, patterns, texture in fabric

# data[].attributes.body
Brief Description/Key Events:
- innovations of new textile materials and processes
- WWI stopped production of rayon
- WWII-  It was diverted to military use. After the war, nylon was used for hosiery, carpet, and car upholstery.
-
Technological developments:
1901- strech spinning, improved bemberg 'silk'  (1901-1914)
1904- acetate, developed by Camille dreyfus (1904-1921)
1928- made cotton wrinkle resistant
1930- presshrink cotton fabrics
1931- twist-detwist methods of yarn manufacture
1935- synthetic fibres--> nylon.
1947- Helanca,fewer stocking sizes and dyed in brighter colours
1950- commercial manufacture of acrylic, used for outdoor end uses
- shuttleless weaving looms were developed in Switzerland
1953- manufactured polyester fibres
1956- synthetic elastomeric fibre
1965- open ended spinning machines, used for short-fibre yarn(cotton)
1986- microfibres
1993- tencel

Workforce issues:
- machinary--> less handmade, loss of jobs

Social and economic impact:
- After WWII, people were trying to improve economic markets
- fabrics weer easier to purchase due to the mass production of synthetic fabrics \
- initially, there was an increase in jobs for factory workers, however by the end machinery began to take over meaning many people lost their jobs (no income)

# data[].attributes.body
Brief Description/Key Events:
- As a result of industrial revolution textile equipment was the main area of innovation for textiles industry
- Australia still more of a producer of raw materials for Great Britain (wool)
- It was in this period that Australia established its reputation as a grower of fine wool an an economy based on primary production.

Technological developments:
- 1806 Joseph Jacquard developed jacquard loom
- 1828 John Thorpe patented the first system of ring spinning (spinning yarn)
- In 1849 Australia became the dominant supplier of wool to England.
-  In 1856 the first synthetic dyes were discovered by William Perkin.
- In 1864 William Cotton patented the first flat-bed, weft knitting machine, which was powered by a steam engine.
- In 1884 the first synthetic fibre was produced in France by Hillaire Bernigaud, and by 1889 he had developed rayon.

Workforce issues:
- TCF protectionist policies shielded local textile manufacturers against competition from low cost labour countries. Due to this, productivity and quality were not maximised as manufacturers had no real need to develop their industry or business, as they were guaranteed protection regardless.

Social and economic impact:
- Economy was developed by and based on primary production of fine raw materials. (predominantly wool)

# data[].attributes.body
- shift toward sustainable resources e.g. corn fibre, bamboo etc
- organically grown cotton
- solar power
- filtration and recycling of water
- biotechnology
- pesticides to a minimum, native plants protected etc
- bmp's (best management practices) http://www.insidecotton.com/jspui/bitstream/1/2615/1/Adcock%20%26%20Higgins.pdf
https://www.bmpcotton.com.au/supplier/
- recyling companies that turn clothes into rags or household items http://australianclothingrecyclers.com.au/what-we-do/

# data[].attributes.body
The difference is that QA is process oriented and QC is product oriented. Testing, therefore is product oriented and thus is in the QC domain. Testing for quality isn't assuring quality, it's controlling it. Quality Assurance makes sure you are doing the right things, the right way.

# data[].attributes.body
- manufacturer - QC and QA for safety
- consumer - reviews, feedback, recalls, buyers rights, knowing where their products are coming from

# data[].attributes.body
- list some basic quality controls checks which happen in the industry
http://www.globalsources.com/NEWS/SIC-5-site-product-tests-garment-inspection.HTM
http://www.qualspec.com.au
- seam strength
- metal checks
- colour fastness

# data[].attributes.body
- list some basic quality assurance checks which happen in the industry
http://textilelearner.blogspot.com.au/2013/05/an-overview-of-quality-and-quality.html
- employee reviews
- hiring of staff
- customer satisfaction
- prototype testing
- performance over a period of time
- garment samples
- purchase of materials

# data[].attributes.body
- labelling laws
- standards for textiles for safety and quality (care and product)
http://www.counciloftextileandfashion.com/standards/
(e.g. laws for bean bags - https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2014L01587)
- laws on QC and QA

# data[].attributes.body
- is it quality made fabric?
- what is the source of the fabric?
- has it been manufactured well?

# data[].attributes.body
- legal protection for companies for their designs
- ensures lesser quality versions are not being produced

# data[].attributes.body
- is it a good design?
- who is it being designed by?

# data[].attributes.body
- 'gross national product' (gnp) or 'gross domestic product' (gdp)
https://au.fashionunited.com/fashion-industry-statistics-australia
- value added: the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs e.g. brand name, finishing product, technology, new design. (value added for industries such as agricultural and industrial - from raw material)
http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/value-added/

# data[].attributes.body
- religious (wedding dress, embroidery, )
- social (celebrity garment, costume,  Australian life)

# data[].attributes.body
- heirloom (table cloth, )
- handcrafted (tapestry, )
- vintage (1950's dress, )
- unique (couture, )
- designer label (vera wang, )
- technologically advanced (3d printed, )

# data[].attributes.headline
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY - 19th, 20th, 21st 

# data[].attributes.subject
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY - 19th, 20th, 21st 

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/3Efq-aNBkvc?list=PL-v4Mmb-VmV4-wEKpXXI-G_7walCsJUrw - 19th/20th

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EebZ1wsVCig&list=PL-v4Mmb-VmV4-wEKpXXI-G_7walCsJUrw&index=11 - 20th

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=551OWH_laeM - 21st

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQBhwVD5rAE - 21st

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4E4MzEfpEA - 21st

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s94mIhCyt4 - 21st

# data[].attributes.body
- what is the free-trade agreement? (chile, china, peru, singapore, thailand etc)
http://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/pages/trade-agreements.aspx
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gew37so4S2E
- how does it effect the industry?

# data[].attributes.body
Textiles can be used for protection, modestly, adornment and decoration.

-  Bedclothes, curtains and carpet

-  Towels and toothbrushes

-  Clothing to suit work needs

-  Work or  school bag

-  Tyre cord on vehicle or bike

- Fibre optic cables - telephone and electronic data transfer

- Active sportswear and high visibility

- Next-generation biomaterial development used in Medicine

# data[].attributes.body
- Sales manager
- Visual arts teacher
- Journalist
- Interior designer
- University teacher
- Sales assistance
- Sales manager
- Wardrobe supervisor
- Jeweller
- Textile artist
- Upholsterer

# data[].attributes.body
- Footwear worker
- Leather worker
- Surgical boot maker

# data[].attributes.body
- Clothing Cutter
- Clothing Machinist
- Clothing Pattern maker
- Costume maker
- Costume designer
- Fashion designer
- Quality assurance inspector
- Dressmaker
- Tailor

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.seek.com.au/textile-jobs
- Fibre worker
- Textile technician
- Textile mechanic
- Quality assurance inspector
- Presser
- Screen printer
- Sailmaker

# data[].attributes.body
Australians buy an average of 27 kilograms of new textiles each year and then discard about 23 kilograms goes into landfill  – and two-thirds of those discards are synthetic/plastic fibres that may never breakdown.
Annual consumer expenditure on textiles is 28.5 billion Australian dollars

# data[].attributes.body
http://textilebeat.com/aussies-send-85-of-textiles-to-landfill/
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-12/australias-obsession-with-new-clothes-hurting-the-environment/8177624
http://textilebeat.com/the-numbers-on-textile-waste/
http://iview.abc.net.au/programs/war-on-waste-stories/DC1624H013S00#playing
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/4655.0.55.002~2013~Main+Features~Chapter+4+Waste?OpenDocument
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqkekY5t7KY
https://www.theoceancleanup.com/great-pacific-garbage-patch/

# data[].attributes.headline
THE CONTRIBUTION OF TEXTILES TO LOCAL AND GLOBAL

# data[].attributes.subject
THE CONTRIBUTION OF TEXTILES TO LOCAL AND GLOBAL

# data[].attributes.body
- employment opportunities all over the country
- income for australia through exports
- giving products to countries which cannot source that material

https://au.fashionunited.com/fashion-industry-statistics-australia

# data[].attributes.headline
TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE INDUSTRY

# data[].attributes.subject
TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE INDUSTRY

# data[].attributes.body
- car textiles (seat covers, airbags etc)
- dry cleaning

# data[].attributes.body
- design of apparel
- manufacturing of apparel (sewing)

# data[].attributes.body
- growing crops
- fibre production
- processing
- yarn production
- knitting fabrics
- weaving fabrics
- treating fabrics
- dyeing fabrics

# data[].attributes.body
- knitting automation https://youtu.be/GXVgVy9X0w8 - improved technology speed
- one process machinery
- higher quality
- reduced labour costs
- reduced time (quick response time to new trends)
- reduced materials used
- shift in employment (laborers decreased - technicians, management, design increased)
- social media -

# data[].attributes.headline
 Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws have replaced the occupations health and safety laws (OHS)

# data[].attributes.subject
 Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws have replaced the occupations health and safety laws (OHS)

# data[].attributes.body
- 1 Jan 2012 in NSW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AD7sazeEO8
- manual handling a big issue
- also chemical hazards, noise hazards, equipment hazards
- many benefits to addressing whs (less cost, injury, efficiency, morale)

# data[].attributes.body
- Netflix (True Cost) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaGp5_Sfbss
- Eight Storeys https://vimeo.com/79092132
- use of water to grow crops, are we using water ethically? (drought, water for humans)
- use of land space to grow crops for clothing, are we using land space ethically? (population increase, world hunger)
- use of energy to produce fibres, yarns and textiles and then products
- animal welfare in furs and leathers
- greenhouse gases from animals
- chemicals used in tanning leathers
- chemicals used in the washing of clothing (dry cleaning)
- consumer trends and the high turnover of fashion
- waste of clothing (landfill etc)
- cost of sustainable products in comparison to big chain stores
- relationships between companies working together (how do we hold them responsible)
- poor working conditions, low wage and risk (SEE WHS)
- chemicals used in textiles production impact on environment and workers (pesticides on crops, dye chemicals, air pollution)
- regulatory frameworks are poorly monitored
- brands often burn or waste textiles to protect the reputation of the brands
-  Sweatshop - deadly fashion https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/4d1nl9/Video-fra-Aftenposten?video=21032