# data[].attributes.body
These are assessments designed to compare students at the same grade level to their peers and to students at other schools. The content is usually based on national standards and spans multiple grade levels. Computer based versions can be adaptive so that as students answer correctly, the questions become more challenging until they level out.
These are administered at the school level and not in the classroom and are typically designed by an external body. These tests make it easy to analyze large scale trends.

Examples:

NWEA MAP

SAT

ACT

IQ Tests

# data[].attributes.body
Considering types of assessments can quickly  become confusing. Especially since there is a lot of overlap in the terminology. For example, a presentation is a type of assessment yet it can also be a formative or a summative assessment. What has been most meaningful for us, is organizing the various types of assessments into various categories (timing, purpose, deliverable, and content) with the understanding that a single assessment can span multiple categories (columns).

# data[].attributes.body
Approaches | NSW Education Standards. (2021). NSW Education Standards Authority. Retrieved February 3, 2022, from https://www.educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/k-10/understanding-the-curriculum/assessment/approaches

# data[].attributes.body
MacNeil, S. (2021, February 14). Two-Stage Assessments: Teach While You Test. Profweb. Retrieved February 4, 2022, from https://www.profweb.ca/en/publications/articles/two-stage-assessments-teach-while-you-test

# data[].attributes.body
McEwan, S. (2021, September 24). 6 Types of Assessments and How to Use Them. Prodigy Game. https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/types-of-assessment/

# data[].attributes.body
Make Formative Assessment More Student-Centered. (2018, September 27). Common Sense Education. Retrieved February 3, 2022, from https://www.commonsense.org/education/teaching-strategies/student-centered-formative-assessment

# data[].attributes.body
The Editors. (2019, February 5). What Is Performance Assessment? Education Week. Retrieved February 3, 2022, from https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-performance-assessment/2019/02

# data[].attributes.body
Trach, E. (2018, December 14). How Students Benefit From Project-Based Assessments (With Examples). Schoology. Retrieved February 4, 2022, from https://www.schoology.com/blog/how-students-benefit-project-based-assessments-examples

# data[].attributes.headline
Multi-stage testing, activities , or projects

# data[].attributes.subject
Multi-stage testing, activities , or projects

# data[].attributes.body
An approach in which students first answer questions or do a piece of writing, and then discuss in a group prior to submitting their final answers or work.  Students can continue the learning process and understand that it is a process.

*Applies to in-person learning as well as online learning

*Used for formative or summative assessments

*Students report less stress, develop collaborative skills, and receive immediate feedback

Examples:

Tests, quizzes, or Exams

Pieces of writing

Low stakes in class work

# data[].attributes.body
The student produces creates a performance piece which shows their understanding, knowledge, and/or abilities to apply new skills.  It is key to assess using a grading rubric or criteria to ensure objectivity and also to properly guide students.

Performance assessments can include speeches, presentations, music performances, poetry readings, or dramas / roleplays as well as:

Report Presentation

Experiment

Performance (drama, music)

Speech

Exhibition Presentation

Debate

# data[].attributes.body
A portfolio is a collection of student work that can showcase or exhibit a students’ progress, effort, achievements, and understanding.  Portfolios can be used for large-scale assessment and accountability. They can also be a combination of formative and summative assessments.

Examples:

Showcase portfolios-includes finished work only

Working portfolios-drafts for reflection

Progress portfolios-many pieces that show progress

# data[].attributes.body
Quick Informal assessments used to gather data on student understanding or even opinion of a topic/concept.

# data[].attributes.body
Work during the unit of study allows the teacher to gain feedback from the student on their progress and understanding. Usually these are graded and scored. This also gives the student feedback on how they are progressing.

Examples:

In class activities like worksheets or notebook work

Homework assignments

In class and out of class mini projects like book reports, dioramas, art projects, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
A project assessment is an alternative to a test which allows students to apply what they have learned in a hands-on way.

# data[].attributes.body
These are the traditional assessments that have existed in schools for eons.  Although, used less frequently particularly under more modern/updated approaches to teaching, they still have their place in the classroom as a means of assessing students' individual comprehension of a concept.
An assessment includes questions that may differ in format (multiple choice, short answer, essay-type, or essay) and are given to the student to then grade at the end for a score. These can also be computerized so they would lose the paper/pencil functionality but retain the traditional concept of a traditional "paper/pencil" test.

Examples:

Unit or Chapter Tests

End of term/semester/year tests

Quizzes

IQ tests

Standardized admissions tests (SAT, ACT, GRE)

# data[].attributes.body
An assessment strategy that allows teachers to find out what the students know, don’t know, and don’t understand during the learning process.  This could also incorporate a THINK/PAIR/SHARE activity to gauge how students are progressing.

Examples:
Discussion Board Posts

# data[].attributes.body
This is about using the assessment to drive the learning process.  Students use the test not to show they mastered a process, but use the assessment to help them support the mastery process.  It is helping students learn about learning or learning how to learn.  The assessment is the learning activity.  Assessment as learning:

Facilitates the active involvement of students in defining their learning process (very student-centered approach)

Encourages students to take responsibility for their learning

Requires students to ask questions and conduct research

Allows students and teachers to collaborate in creating the learning goals

Note: Teachers will need to actively observe and guide the process to ensure students are on the right track. Providing adequate and timely feedback and allowing students to opportunities to correct various iterations of their work will be critical.
Examples:

Having students conduct research and then create a product (e.g. mindmap/padlet) to demonstrate their understanding of a topic/concept

Having students review an "assessment of learning" assignment and providing feedback on it.

Having students set goal(s) on what they will learn in an upcoming test.  Then tracking these goals.

Having a student or group of students determine or make an "assessment of learning" test.

Students reflect on their learning and provide feedback on why they learned different or how they learn best (Self-reflective activities are key).

Project-based units or learning activities

Peer reviews and assessment

2-step testing process

Portfolios to showcase learning

# data[].attributes.body
These are what most teachers think of when they talk about assessment.  They are the types of assessment that teachers use to prove or demonstrate mastery of a subject.  These are the assessments that students take to get a grade in a course.  The specific assessments vary based on the topic or skill assessed.  These types of assessments are used to plan future learning goals as well as to grade/rank students and to provide formal feedback to both students and parents/other stakeholders.

Examples:

Formal unit or chapter test that are graded and feedback is provided to students.

Formalized, standardized test are included in this like the SAT or ACT

Could be a performance or other activity in some subjects (music or drama)

Portfolios to showcase work

Projects that showcase understanding and knowledge learned

# data[].attributes.body
Assessment for Learning:These are assessments that you engage in or with during the learning process.  Teachers use these types of assessment to steer or guide the teaching process.  These types of assessments determine where a student is in the skill mastery process.   These are most often called formative assessment and there is tons of data out there for them.  They are for the teacher’s learning; to understand where students are in their understanding and to determine how to better support them in meeting the learning targets.
In general, assessments for [the teacher’s] learning are:

On going and actionable

Based on clear goals

Formal or informal

Reflective of the belief that all students can improve

Allow teachers to provide more effective feedback to individual students that is clear, specific, and meaningful

Highly inclusive

Examples:

Questions or probing statements given to the class.

Non-graded quizzes

You can even use online programs like Kahoots for this.

Any formative question(s) you give to get a speed check on the class would fall in here.

Exit tickets or things that students have to complete prior to leaving class.

WhiteBoard Activities:  You could give out whiteboards and have students write answers down, and then survey the class

Low-stakes project work, to have students work together on a task they learned together

# data[].attributes.body
The video below covers all three and is a great (and short) watch.  The professor or presenter speaks in plan English.
https://youtu.be/u5If-qMZqW0

The video below also reviews all three. The video quality is poor, but the content is good.
https://youtu.be/Atiuuy-7fBA

# data[].attributes.body
In IT there is the concept of incremental or cumulative backing up of data. In the incremental backup, only the newly changed data is backed up. However, in the cumulative backup, everything is backed up even previously saved data.
A cumulative assessment works the same way. It comes at the end of the instructional period, but unlike the summative assessment encompasses everything and is based on various units or lessons.
This is an important (often overlooked, rarely administered) type of assessment that gives a measure of how much students have learned and retained over time.

# data[].attributes.body
End of term/semester/year tests
GCSE Exams
AP Exams
IB Exams

# data[].attributes.body
Final assessment used to determine what students learned over the entire period of instruction. Comes at the end of instruction.

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter Tests
Unit tests/projects
Performance Tasks

# data[].attributes.body
Determines student progress or lack thereof during instruction
Helps teacher to modify lessons in an ongoing way in order to better help students reach learning targets

# data[].attributes.body
Quiz
In-Class Discussion
1-minute essays
Surveys
Polls
Exit/Entrance Tickets
Low-stakes group work/projects
Homework assignments
Reading / writing journals

# data[].attributes.body
Gives a baseline of where students are and allows teachers to identify the appropriate starting point for instruction. Done at/before the start of instruction.

# data[].attributes.body
Quiz
Concept Map
KWL charts
Journal entries
Reflections
Student interviews
Class discussions

# data[].attributes.body
Formative
Plickers
Google Forms
Poll Everywhere
Kahoot
Quizlet
Google Docs/Sheets
Diagnostic
Padlet

# data[].attributes.body
A quick and helpful discussion on formative assessments

Tools for Formative Assessments

Innovative ideas for Summative Assessments - beyond the paper/pencil test (scroll to end of article)

A guide to using exit tickets appropriately

Examples of student centered formative assessments

# data[].attributes.body
These assessments are designed to compare a student's score to an established set of criteria which serves as the standard or performance level.  They are not used to compare students to their peers. They are also developed by an external body and are administered outside of the classroom. While the content may not necessarily span multiple grade levels it is usually extensive.
Examples:

IELTS or TOEFL language tests

Professional Licensing Exams

Praxis

High School EXIT Exams

Citizenship Tests