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Frist African American Elected to Congress - Mississipi

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Exploitative and soil-intensive sharecropping system endured for several generations

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Huge economic collapse
Distracts from reconstruction
Cause:
Over production (facories, railroad)
Oversepculation (banks give out too much money)

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Purpose: Guarntee stable labor supply
- hope to resotre pre-emancipation system of race relationos

Can't rent land
Can't get loan to buy land
Forced to sign labor contracts
Penalty for leaving before contract expired
Can't serve on jury or vote

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Republicans Hayes
Democrat Samuel Tilden

Contrversy
3 of the states are contested

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South/Democrats would recognize Hayes as President

Hayes pulls out federal troops of the south and end reconstruction
- give south political positions
-federal aid for transcontinental RR

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Federal troops who were protecting African Americans and Republican governments are gone

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Many African Americans were forced to become sharecroppers

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Many African Americans were forced to become sharecroppers

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Can use land in exchange for giving a percent of crops to the owner of the land

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Civil rights act of 1875 struck down

-protect rights in public places
-no racial discrimination in jury selection

Only federal government is banned from discrimination (indviduals & private companies can be racist)

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Jim Crow Laws Spread throughout the south

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Jim Crow Laws Spread throughout the south

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Racial segregation was consitutional if equal facilities were made availble to each race
-> seperate but equal

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South would rebuild, industrialize, and devolp economy

Sharecropping and Tenant farming

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15th ammednment - black men's right to vote

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15th ammednment - black men's right to vote

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1) literacy tests
2) poll taxes
3) property requirments
4) grandfather clauses - if you voted in 1860 you didn't have to fulfill requiremnts (basically allowed white people to vote freely)

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Asian Immigration - Especially from China

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Asian Immigration - Especially from China

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Improtant to mining booms and railroad buuilding
As chiinese immigrants spread out after you see a spike in natvism

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Prohibtied further immigration of Chinses laboers to the US

-1st time immigration restricted based on ract & nationality

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Help former slaves & poor southern whites

Ecelled in education
Taught 200,000 African Americans to read and write

Failed to fulfill 40 acres and a mule promise

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10% governments
Disfranchisement of former Confederate leaders

must ratify 13th emmendment

Johnson pardons Confederate leaders- planters reestablish control over southern politics

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1866 Northern Republicans in Congress split with President Johnson

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1866 Northern Republicans in Congress split with President Johnson

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why? Southern Confederate officals are returned to office

Calls for stricter version of reconstruction

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Johnson veoes extension of the Freedmen's Burea - Congress overrides veto

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Gave citizenship to African Americans
Sought to get rid of Black Codes

Congress  overrides Johnson's veto

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Indended to keep south from overturning laws passed during reconstruction

what does it do?
All perons born in the US are citizens
States must protect rights, and provide equal protection of the law and due process
Prevented former confderates from holding poltical office
Southern states will be punished for denying voting rihgts to black citizens

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Divides South in 5 Military districts

Federal power brought to bring about social & economic change

Lincoln & Johnson governments -> invalid

To be readmitted
-new constitution
black suffrage
ratification of 13th and 14th amendments

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14th ammendment was ratfiied

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Protected rights in public spaces

Banned discrimination in jury selection