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https://kids.kiddle.co/Artificial_intelligence#:~:text=Artificial%20intelligence%20(AI)%20is%20the,to%20make%20computers%20%22smart%22.&text=As%20machines%20become%20increasingly%20capable,are%20removed%20from%20the%20definition.

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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp

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A scientist said robots will be more intelligent than humans by 2029. The scientist's name is Ray Kurzweil. He works for Google as Director of Engineering. He is one of the world's leading experts on artificial intelligence (A.I.). Mr Kurzweil believes computers will be able to learn from experiences, just like humans. He also thinks they will be able to tell jokes and stories, and even flirt. Kurzweil's 2029 prediction is a lot sooner than many people thought. The scientist said that in 1999, many A.I. experts said it would be hundreds of years before a computer was more intelligent than a human. He said that it would not be long before computer intelligence is one billion times more powerful than the human brain.

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We know some version of AI will transform industries, making businesses more productive, but will it help us enrich customer and citizen lives? To do that, AI innovation will have to build trust by balancing bottom lines and simple visions with responsible human values. That is a grand challenge, as they say, and more than a technical one.

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by Graham Dixon 11,658 views

Perhaps you recall the Spielberg movie of the same name, or an article you read about Stephen Hawking or Elon Musk expressing their concerns about AI 'taking over'. You might relate AI to image searching or self-driving cars, or envisage a grandmaster chess champion bowing in humiliation to a skilled computer. In both fact and fiction, AI is certainly here to stay, and software making use of artificial intelligence is one of the fastest growth areas in all of technology.

But how can we discuss these complex, technological concepts with our students? Like many ESL teachers, I initially worried that the level of required vocabulary would be too high, and that we'd get bogged down without being able to fully discuss these fascinating ideas. As it turned out, my students were way ahead of me (as usual) and brought their own experience and opinions to what was a thoroughly engaging class. So, I wanted to pass on some ideas which will help you engage with your students about AI, and produce a ton of great language in the process.

Artificial Intelligence (or 'machine intelligence') is the capacity of some types of technology to mimic human cognition and communications. These machines - technically, of course, pieces of software running on high-end computers - apply the logic of their programming to specific tasks, and can sometimes appear to be equal to (or, controversially, even superior to) their human creators. Examples include speech recognition software which learns your accent and cadence over time, driverless cars which communicate with each other to form a network of vehicles, machines that are gaming experts (e.g. IBM's seminal Watson, a machine which trounced human champions at Jeopardy), and independent on-board computers being designed for use in deep space probes, where communications delays render autonomy almost essential.

Fictional Examples

This is a great place to start. Even if your students aren't aware that their phones, tablets and computers connect with and make use of AI on a daily basis, they'll be familiar with fictional characters and concepts. Elicit as many fictional robots and AI devices as possible, perhaps including:

HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey, perhaps the archetypal confused, paranoid AI

TARS from Interstellar, a humorous, mobile and powerful AI which accompanies the crew on their epic quest

Samantha, the AI with whom Joaquin Phoenix falls in love in the movie Her

JARVIS, Paul Bettany's AI assistant to Tony Stark in the Iron Man series

The Autobots, Decepticons and others from the Transformers universe.

Ava, the beautiful and sophisticated AI from Alex Garland's remarkable film, Ex Machina

C3PO, R2-D2, BB-8 and other droids from the Star Wars universe

Marvin, the paranoid android from Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

Lt. Commander Data, Brent Spiner's character from Star Trek: The Next Generation. Also, the Borg are a form of AI 'species'

Remind your students of a real classic - the giant, terrifying Gort from The Day the Earth Stood Still (and I mean the 1951 original, not the unforgivable Keanu Reeves remake)

Speaking of re-makes, include the AI characters from Westworld, both the Yul Bryner original and the new HBO series of the same name.

Finally, the global defense system which started it all: Skynet, from the Terminator series.

If there is time, hold a short quiz where your students might guess the names and contexts of these AI examples. Then, pose this question to your students, in order to define the scope of this inquiry: What can an AI do that a conventional computer cannot?

We found that fictional AI can be prone to confusion (HAL 9000), tends to malfunction or go off-program ( Westworld, the replicants in Blade Runner, Murphy in RoboCop), may have aims of its own (David in Prometheus, Bishop in Aliens and Ava in Ex Machina) and may pose a direct threat to humanity ( Terminator, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Transformers, The Matrix). With these fictional experiences in mind, my students then began to figure out their feelings about AI, and how it might integrate into our lives.

I asked my students to picture a scene from twenty years in the future. They brought in some fascinating potential uses of AI, including:

Driverless cars which communicate with each other to ensure complete safety and highly efficient travel

An AI network to govern the movement of air and ship traffic, the timing of street lights, and climate control systems.

A friendly, helpful AI which will relieve us of many odious burdens; one student imagined the national relief when an AI is made available (for free, in her imagining) by the IRS to help us do our taxes. Her chosen tagline for the software was: Get it right, first time, every time. We also imagined personal assistants, coaches and medical AI which can advise us on nutrition, exercise and personal habits.

Distributed computing. One of my students is an engineer, and he explained how an AI could 'slave' numerous PCs, spread around the world, to achieve a single, ambitious aim. Examples of this include efforts to sift through astronomical data and find undiscovered extrasolar planets.

Facing the Problems of AI

I've had some very successful lessons with my advanced group recently, but watching my students tear into these questions was sheer fun. With sufficient background (provided in large part by our fictional examples, but also a little reading on the topic) my students were inspired to produce lots of great language, including the target vocabulary for the week:
Consciousness, artificial psychology, mimicry, the Turing Test, emulation
Threats, dangers, paranoia, conspiracy, rumination
Processing, quantifying, analyzing, coding, designing, improving
Here are the questions I posed to groups of students. If they're in the right mood, you'll hardly need to intervene, and the discussion is theoretically endless:

11 Aspects of Challenging AI Discussions for ESL Students

1. Whose Brain

Imagine that your brain could be mapped in every detail, and this information uploaded to an AI. Would you consent to your 'self' being replicated in this way? How will it feel, to converse with a machine iteration of yourself? Which of these versions would be 'you'?

2. Mortality

If an AI claims that it 'fears death' (i.e. being turned off or disconnected) then should we regard that AI as mortal? Is this sense of mortality just a quirk of programming, or can we say that this machine is 'alive' in some way?

3. Rights

If an AI is considered 'alive', what rights should it be granted? Can we expect the public to agree to provide an AI with all of the rights expressed in the US Constitution, for example?

4. Step Further

If we take that route, and validate the humanity of our machines, bringing them into a closer union with us, what might then happen? Will we see the rise of implant technology which blends the human and the mechanical (part of what Ray Kurzweil has termed 'The Singularity')? Will we even see AIs who wish to marry people?

5. Electing a Machine

If an AI were given rights and regarded as sentient, would those rights permit the AI to stand for elected office? Can we imagine such a 'digital president'? Would we be able to trust a machine with life-and-death decisions, or expect it to behave with humanity and compassion?

6. Defence

Should an AI ever be given responsibility for a defense network (as in The Terminator, and the Cold War AI thriller, War Games?) Fictional representations provide only the starkest warnings of such an idea, but US nuclear planners insisted that post-catastrophe nuclear conflicts would necessarily be fought by machines operating automatically, as their human handlers would all have been killed.

7. Paperclip Problem

How concerned should we be about AIs which are too pedantic? (Americans tend to say 'literal'; I teach both words). This is the root of the 'paperclip problem': An AI is given the task of producing paperclips, but decides that the main limiting factor is that humans both keep using them, and competing with the AI for resources (metal, factory space, etc). The AI's solution is therefore to murder all of humanity, so that its paperclip manufacturing will achieve peak efficiency.

8. Human Characteristics

We're very used to AIs embodying human characteristics. In the recent adaptation of Isaac Asimov's I, Robot starring Will Smith, the AIs are all bipedal humanoids with passive expressions and soothing voices. HAL 9000 sounds friendly and helpful (even when - spoiler alert - he's busy murdering the crew of the Discovery), as does JARVIS. Will we always choose servile characters for our AIs, or might we prefer something else?

9. Back Up

What would we do if (or, according to the skeptics, when) it all goes wrong? Should there be a fail-safe device to prevent AIs from asserting their right to protect themselves? How might an AI choose to attack us?

10. Unemployment

AI brings with it a host of social and economic issues. Chief among these, according to economists, is the likelihood of massed unemployment as AIs take over mid-level non-automated work and render a whole class of workers expensively obsolete. Is this a reason to delay the development of AI until the economy is more robust and resilient to such an epochal change?

11. Granting Self-replication

Would we permit AIs to self-replicate? How about self-reprogramming, or self-upgrading? Are your students comfortable with giving an AI responsibility for its own development?

I could go on, but these are the key questions which provoked the most animated discussion.

Our students are going to live in a fascinating century, one in which AI is certain to play a major, even defining role. There is much to fear, but there are opportunities too; discovering your students' views and helping them to understand and discuss these issues is rewarding because of the high level of language required, and also because of the increased confidence that comes from discussing complex topics in detail.

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Skynet or Utopia: Challenging AI Discussions for ESL Students

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by Graham Dixon 11,658 views Perhaps you recall the Spielberg movie of the same name, or an article you read about Stephen Hawking or Elon Musk expressing their concerns about AI 'taking over'. You might relate AI to image searching or self-driving cars, or envisage a grandmaster chess champion bowing in humiliation to a skilled computer.

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:  the protection afforded by zoos against predators, disease and the elements outweighs any social and behavioural problems arising from life in captivity.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is generally considered to be a subfield of computer science, that is concerned to attempt simulation, extension and expansion of human intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is generally considered to be a subfield of computer science, that is concerned to attempt simulation, extension and expansion of human intelligence

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https://www.quora.com/What-do-you-prefer-an-E-book-or-a-Real-book
https://www.quora.com/Can-ebooks-take-the-place-of-real-books-in-the-future

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See all the wonderful things ekaterina naryan has made

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city vs country

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There's been a world-old debate about which is better living in the city or living in the countryside. Everyone feels comfortable in a certain environment. Some prefer to live in the capital of their country, others rather live in smaller cities, there are people who can only live in the countryside and would feel terrible in the crowded city.

The debate might be archaic, but a consensus will never be achieved. People have different preferences and are free to choose where to live. Everyone has their truth and can stick to it.

If you are someone who cannot decide whether to live in a city or in a village, this article offers you an unbiased opinion on the topic.

It contains a comparison between the two, the pros and cons of each, so you can learn the differences and maybe decide where to move.
*For the sake of illustrating the city with all its good and bad sites, we'll use London as an example.
A BBC article published recently showed talked about a statistic of young people moving to the big cities, London in particular, and older people leaving the big cities in search for peace and quiet, and most of all practicality.

As many people who were asked said that the city is great for when you're twenty, but when you start thinking about having a family, it's just not that practical to stay there. House prices are crazy, childcare is expensive, it's hard to apply anywhere and be accepted because there are too many people applying for child cares, schools, etc.

To be fair, young people move to the large cities and the capital mostly for university and because of the abundance of work opportunities. The country life does not offer that to the young souls looking for career growth and adventures. On the other hand, the city doesn't offer the space and tranquillity that the countryside offers to a young family with young children. An article in the Guardian shares several personal stories of people who love London and still decided it's better to move to the countryside and loved their new life there.

What you can afford in the city for a certain amount of money will be approximately two or even three times smaller than what you can afford in the countryside for the same amount of money.

Life in the City

The city offers a lot more amenities than you could ever find in the country. It's no secret that large cities, London especially, are more developed and offer a wide range of possibilities and cultural experiences that the countryside does not have.

Advantages of Living in the City

1. The two main reasons for people to move to the cities are higher education and work.
The endless possibilities attract not only college-aged people from smaller cities or countryside but also people from other countries. London, for example, is the city with the most cultural and religious diversity in the world. People from all over the world have moved to London in search of a better life, better work, better education.

2. Other advantages of living in the city are:
Transportation - a variety of public transportation as at the reach of your palm - buses, trains, cabs, the Underground. All have regular timetables and run late at night, and you can reach any end of the city. Also, the roads are better and wider.
Amenities - you'll hardly find any gourmet restaurants or even a big enough grocery store to buy everything you need from one place in the countryside. Meanwhile, in the city, you can enjoy a diversity of gourmet or more affordable restaurants and cafes, shops. Museums, concerts, galleries, exhibitions, local ethnic shops, etc.

Disadvantages of City Life

1. Overcrowded.
Probably the biggest disadvantage of the big cities. Traffic jams on main streets and boulevards. And while this is a precondition for many and diverse acquaintances, often people say they feel more alone.

2. The busy lifestyle.
In big cities, life moves at a different, faster pace. This leads to stress, not enough time for relaxation and self-care. Not to mention the pollution - both of air and noise.

3. Expensive lifestyle.
Everything is expensive in the big cities, there's no second opinion about that. House prices, rents, restaurants, shops, transportation, taxes, clothes, food, etc.

However, because it's a competitive field with so many options in cities, many businesses offer discounts and make regular sales in order to attract customers, so people can take advantage of that.

Life in the Country

To city dwellers and lovers, life in the country may sound tedious at first. However, once the avid city lovers decide to settle down and start a family, the practicality becomes heavier than their love for the city life. Of course, it's all up to personal choice, however, there are proven benefits of living in the countryside.

Advantages of Living in the Country

1. Tranquillity - not only is it quieter there because there are no vehicles, no crowds and no city noises but also life is at a much slower and calmer pace than in the city. The clean air and great scenery are perfect for relieving stress and enjoying a much healthier life. Most, if not all, of the people leaving the big cities for the peace and quietness of the country, have said that there is a huge difference in the community feeling. While such is missing in the city, it's strong and omnipresent in the country.

2. More affordable - as we said earlier, for the price of a tiny flat in London you can afford a house in the country. Life just isn't as expensive as it is in a giant city. Especially when you can have a garden and grow your own fruits and vegetables if you're up for the task.

3. The Communities - in the country it's much easier to create a friendly and supportive community. This is something that people in the cities often miss.

Disadvantages of Living in the Country

1. Lack of career possibilities.
If you have or want a job in the city but prefer to live outside of the urban scenery, you should brace yourself for long, long commutes to work. You might need twice the time to get to work than if you lived in the city.

2. Transportation is scarce in most areas.
Aside from the long commute to and from work, you will be pretty much obligated to buy a car. Something which many people in big cities don't buy because it's pointless and expensive.

3. Fewer things to do in the country.
Not only fewer restaurants and shops, if any, but also no such things like a movie theatre, museums, galleries, clubs, etc.

House Prices in the City vs in the Country

The biggest and most important expense in life is buying a home. Prices vary greatly depending on location, condition, type and size, and amenities near the property.

The official UK gov. site says that "In England, the January data shows on average, house prices have fallen by 1.0% since December 2018. The annual price rise of 1.5% takes the average property value to £244,567."

By regions the statistics look like this:

Source: Gov. UK

And by property type, it looks like this:

Source: Gov. UK

With the prices in London being higher than the average prices for the country. You can read more about moving to London costs,pros and cons.

Read more:
Packing tips for easing your house move.
How long does it take to buy a house?
How to cancel council tax when moving house?
Packing tips for long-distance move.

Professional Movers for Either Scenario

Whatever you decide to do, move to the city or the countryside, relying on the help of professionals is of paramount importance! For various jobs related to a house move - packing, loading, transporting, unloading and unpacking, your items are better left to professional house movers.

* Disclaimer! Strong Move is a removals service provider, this blog simply provides informational content. This blog does not offer financial or life advice.*

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There's been a world-old debate about which is better living in the city or living in the countryside. Everyone feels comfortable in a certain environment. Some prefer to live in the capital of their country, others rather live in smaller cities, there are people who can only live in the countryside and would feel terrible in the crowded city.

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https://www.debate.org/

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They evoke the example of Japanese schools, where students have only one day off.

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They evoke the example of Japanese schools, where students have only one day off.