# data[].attributes.body
What can you do to play a part in digital defence?
如何为数码防卫尽一份力？

# data[].attributes.body
1.I would read up on what to do during any emergencies .      2. I would participate actively in Cilvil Defence exercises 3.pick up my life saving skills like CPR ,AED and first aid4.say nice words to others 5.don't share any personal information like your password and address

# data[].attributes.body
1. Adopt good cybersecurity practices to safeguard our personal data, devices and system.                                      2.Be aware of phishing attacks and internet scam.           3.Use social media discerningly and responsible. 4.Be vigilant against fake news and the spread of deliberate online falsehoods.

# data[].attributes.headline
Nicholas lee, Tan Shyuen ,Chua PeiXuan Tiffany, Teo Rui Xin Jevenia

# data[].attributes.subject
Nicholas lee, Tan Shyuen ,Chua PeiXuan Tiffany, Teo Rui Xin Jevenia

# data[].attributes.body
Be S.U.R.E the information is true before you spread or post it

# data[].attributes.body
Do not hack

# data[].attributes.headline
Natalie. Shaun ng Reagan Chia Chen Yehui

# data[].attributes.subject
Natalie. Shaun ng Reagan Chia Chen Yehui

# data[].attributes.body
1. stop cyber bullying
2. Do not spread fake news
3. Be kind to people online and comment kind and positive words
4. Do not share personal information online with random strangers

# data[].attributes.body
1.Do not spread fake news.
2.do not speak to people whom  you don't know.
3. do not share personal information of others or yourself to people that you do not know.
4.Make passwords harder so that the hackers do not hack into your account easily.
5.be aware of phishing scams.
6.Adopt good cybersecurity
7.Use the internet responsibly
8.Respect other people when you are chatting with online people .If you don't respect people that you are talking to online, they will not respect or respond to you too.
9.Don't cyberbully or else you will get in trouble

# data[].attributes.body
Answer:
1.To not share personal information online
2.Stop cyber bullying
3.Be aware of phishing attacks and internet scams.
4.Use social media discerningly and responsibly.
5.Adopt good cybersecurity practices to safeguard our personal data, devices and systems.

# data[].attributes.headline
Kelis Lim, Zhenting, Piin Shiuan, Lucas Ong :)

# data[].attributes.subject
Kelis Lim, Zhenting, Piin Shiuan, Lucas Ong :)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Do not hack others
2. Do not show your own private personality on FB......
3. Adopt good cybersecurity practices to safeguard our personal data, devices and systems.
4. Do not send FAKE news
5. Do not scam
6. Do not trust strangers online
7. Stop cyberbullying
8. Be aware of phishing attacks and internet scams.
9. Use social media discerningly and responsibly.
10. Be vigilant against fake news and the spread of deliberate online falsehoods.
11. Be secure, alert and responsible online

# data[].attributes.body
Don't have the same password for everything

# data[].attributes.body
1:To not share personal information online
2.Stop cyber bullying
3.Be aware of phishing attacks and internet scams.
4.Use social media discerningly and responsibly.
5.Adopt good cybersecurity practices to safeguard our personal data, devices and systems.

# data[].attributes.body
Stop cyber bullying kids
Do not share personal information
Think before you post

# data[].attributes.body
Dont share personal information

# data[].attributes.body
As a small, multi-racial, multi-religious nation dependent on free trade to survive, and connected to the world by air, sea and the Internet, Singapore is inevitably affected by developments around the world in some way or another. Since its launch in 1984, Total Defence has rallied Singaporeans together in responding to challenges that threaten Singapore’s independence and well-being, such as terrorism, SARS and economic downturns. The core message is that every Singaporean has a part to play to help strengthen our defences against these threats and challenges.

We now face new challenges from the digital domain that have no physical boundaries or battlefields. Cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, and fake news are some of the ways that can now be used to divide and weaken us. We have thus added a sixth pillar of Digital Defence to the existing five pillars of Military, Civil, Economic, Social, Digital and Psychological Defence that explain the actions we can take to help us deal with the spectrum of military and non-military threats.https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/about.html

# data[].attributes.body
Digital Defence as the New Sixth Pillar of Total Defence

From government.coDigita Defence is the new sixth pillar of Total Defence. The other five pillars of Total Defence are Military, Civil, Economic, Social and Psychological Defence. The heightened awareness of defence in the digital domain is critical for Singapore and Singaporeans in view of the increasing pace of global digitalisation.

Digital Defence – Be Secure, Alert, and Responsible Online– is a whole-of-nation effort to protect and defend ourselves and our nation online. It requires Singaporeans to a) practise good cybersecurity habits, b) guard against fake news and disinformation, and c) consider the impact of our actions on the community. For elaborations on the initiatives, please refer to ANNEX A.

Be Secure – Practise Good Cybersecurity Habits

In the fight against threats from the digital domain, prevention is key and everyone has a part to play. Singaporeans should keep a lookout for and proactively protect themselves from threats such as phishing and attempted intrusions. They should be aware of ongoing cybersecurity issues and learn how to take personal actions to counter these threats. For example, use strong passwords and ensure that their passwords and user IDs are not based on personally identifiable information such as names and birthdates; upgrade their antivirus software regularly, and; do not put personal financial information in the online public space. They should also practise good cybersecurity habits such as exercising caution and checking for signs of phishing before clicking on unknown links or attachments in suspicious emails, as well as enable automatic software updates and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for online transactions.

Ongoing relevant initiatives:
•    IMDA/PDPC's Privacy Awareness Week
•    IMDA Lab on Wheels Programme – new cybersecurity theme (see separate IMDA Lab on Wheels Programme Fact Sheet)
•    CSA's "Cyber Tips 4 You" Campaign
•    CSA's Cyber Savvy Machine Pop-Up

Be Alert – Guard Against Fake News and Disinformation

Singaporeans can learn to discern hallmarks of fake or sensationalised reports by checking against credible sources of information such as those of government agencies and official sources. They can also make use of available resources such as Factually (https://www.gov.sg/factually) to verify news. It is important to develop an understanding of how and why fake news is created and spread, and to report fake news to stop it from spreading.

Ongoing relevant initiatives:
•    Media Literacy Council's Better Internet Campaign
•    NLB's S.U.R.E. Programme, including the S.U.R.E. Prove It! Contest

Be Responsible - Consider Impact of Our Actions on the Community

Singaporeans should recognise that our individual actions have an impact on others in the community. We need to build our digital literacy as individuals and as a community. We can also help friends and family members who need further help to learn to use technology safely and confidently. Singaporeans can also actively participate in digital literacy resources and activities, encourage friends and family to use digital literacy resources, and share with their families and friends how to use technology safely and responsibly.

Ongoing/Upcoming initiatives
•    Basic Digital Skills Curriculum and Courses
•    Tech Connect
•    SGD Wonderland

Launch of Digital Defence Logo

With Digital Defence as the sixth pillar of Total Defence, a Digital Defence campaign logo has also been launched on 15 February 2019. Digital Defence – Be Secure, Alert, and Responsible Online – can only be successful if every Singaporean is on board with Digital Defence efforts. It takes only one weak link for a strong digital defence to be breached. Hence, it is important that Singaporeans understand the role they play in Digital Defence, and to take action to ensure that they have the knowledge and skills to guard against threats from the digital domain.

The Digital Defence campaign logo acts as a visual unifier with other related campaigns. The logo consists of a prominent ‘D' in the style of a Mobius strip, which recalls the multi-faceted, complex nature of the cyber landscape, as well as how closely intertwined our physical and online selves are. The portal in the centre of the ‘D' reminds us of the networked world that everyone is connected to, and that stepping in will lead to both risks and opportunities.

Figure 1: Digital Defence Campaign Logo

ANNEX A

ABOUT THE INITIATIVES

Be Secure – Practise Good Cybersecurity Habits

Privacy Awareness Week

The Personal Data Protection Commission's (PDPC) Privacy Awareness Week (PAW), which is held in May every year, promotes awareness of issues relating to personal data protection. The theme for PAW 2018 was "Data Protection: From Principles to Practice". Resources on data protection, such as a guide on printing processes for organisations, posters to remind employees to cultivate good data protection practices, and a screensaver adaptation, were promoted during the campaign. The public was also engaged with information nuggets, quizzes, and a meme contest on PDPC's social media platforms.

National Cybersecurity Awareness Campaign

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) launched its second National Cybersecurity Awareness Campaign in May 2018. The campaign, titled "Cyber Tips 4 You", raises Singaporeans' awareness and adoption of essential cybersecurity tips such as using anti-virus software, strong passwords, use of 2FA and spotting signs of phishing.

An expansion of the "Cyber Tips 4 You" campaign, the Cyber Savvy Machine Pop-Up, a CSA initiative in collaboration with the National Library Board (NLB), which seeks to heighten awareness of the importance of cybersecurity through a fun and interactive platform. The Pop-Up display, comprising a Cyber Savvy Machine, four information panels and a brochure stand, will travel island-wide to a different library each month for a period of one year. Participants can test their cybersecurity knowledge at the Cyber Savvy Machine and stand to win a small prize for correct answers. One Saturday a month, students from Nanyang Polytechnic will engage library-goers with their Cyber Savvy Game. The students also conduct a non-intrusive mobile phone health check for interested library-goers

Be Alert –Guard Against Fake News and Disinformation

Better Internet Campaign

The Media Literacy Council (MLC) spearheads the Better Internet Campaign which aims to promote safe and responsible online behaviour. In 2018, the MLC ran five mini campaigns on topics such as discernment of false information, cyber-bullying, and cyber-safety and security, under the tagline "Be Safe, Be Smart and Be Kind Online". Online videos, tip sheets and other resources are tailored to cater to different segments of the population.

# data[].attributes.body
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Defence_(Singapore)
Total Defence is Singapore’s whole-of-society national defence concept, based on the premise that every aspect of society contributes to the collective defence of the state. The strategy was first introduced in 1984 and adopted from the national defence strategies of Sweden and Switzerland. It initially consisted of five key tenets; military, civil, economic, social, and psychological, with the sixth, digital, being introduced in 2019. The strategy was amplified by the government slogan: There's A Part For Everyone, with a corresponding national song named after it when first introduced.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Total Defence is Singapore's whole-of-society national defence concept, based on the premise that every aspect of society contributes to the collective defence of the state.

The strategy was first introduced in 1984 and adopted from the national defence strategies of Sweden and Switzerland. It initially consisted of five key tenets; military, civil, economic, social, and psychological, with the sixth, digital, being introduced in 2019. The strategy was amplified by the government slogan: There's A Part For Everyone, with a corresponding national song named after it when first introduced.

Total Defence Day is commemorated on 15 February annually, the day colonial Singapore surrendered to Japan in 1942 during World War II.

The Public Warning System is run by the Singapore Civil Defence Force and sounded annually on Total Defence Day.

On 9 August 1965, Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent state; conscription for all able-bodied males aged 16 and above was subsequently implemented in the form of National Service (NS) on 15 March 1967. By the 1980s, military defence was recognised to be an established fact of life in the island city-state,[1] though several Members of Parliament (MPs) questioned the effectiveness of the Ministry of Defence's outreach program on inoculating the public on the concept of total defence. A series of questions were put forth to Minister for Defence Goh Chok Tong during a parliamentary sitting on 16 March 1983.[2] The following day, Minister of State for Defence Yeo Ning Hong replied that progress was underway on a program that would focus on five main points.[3][4][5]

During Civil Defence Week on 24 September 1983, Minister for Home Affairs Chua Sian Chin acknowledged that the government had erred in not introducing civil defence alongside military defence, resulting in public apathy toward the former, and that it was seeking to rectify the problem by integrating both into the total defence strategy.[6]

On 6 January 1984, the government announced the creation of the civilian-led Advisory Council on Community Relations in Defence (Accord) to promote its media strategy and raise public awareness of the program, inviting Members of Parliament, businessmen, trade unionists and community leaders to join. It saw the necessity for civilians to take the lead in promoting the total defence strategy, instead of military personnel.[7] The council would be established on 18 January 1984.[8]

Total Defence was officially proclaimed as Singapore's overarching defence strategy on 22 January 1984 with five pillars: military, civil, economic, social, and psychological.[9][10] It received leading headlines in state-run newspapers carrying commentaries on its necessity juxtaposed with warfare scenarios going beyond the traditional scope of the military.[9][10][11] Over the coming months, the Ministry of Defence launched a campaign to promote Total Defence in schools, business communities and amongst the people.[12][13][14] Older people who had been through the Japanese occupation were noted to be more "enthusiastic" in supporting it.[15] Competitions were held to create a logo and song based around the strategy.[16] In 2019, digital defence was added as the sixth pillar of Total Defence, with the government highlighting increasing threats in the cybersphere.[18] There have been calls by Members of Parliament to add climate defence as the seventh pillar, to highlight Singapore's vulnerability to climate change and rising seas.[19][20]

The strategy has seen widespread usage amongst successive People's Action Party (PAP) governments since its inception, being invoked during the 2003 SARS, 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics, 1997 and 2008 economic crises, and annual Southeast Asian haze.[21][22] The rise of domestic and international terrorism abroad is also cited by the Singapore Government as the necessity of Total Defence to prevent or respond to an attack.[23][24][25]

The Singapore Government has justified Total Defence on several factors: the island city-state's small size and marginal population; lack of natural resources; and a racial and religious-diverse population.[26] It states that these factors make Singapore vulnerable to threats such as international terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics and disinformation campaigns, that could result in an economic slowdown.[27]

Military defence involves heavy investment in armaments, training and equipment for the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF),[9][28] with the Singapore Government maintaining a defence budget ranked amongst the highest in the ASEAN region.[29][30] A capable armed forces is seen as a necessity to deter potential aggressors.[26] In addition to two years of national service, the onus is placed on reservist troops to maintain their physical fitness through annual individual physical proficiency tests (IPPT) and in-camp training (ICT).[31][32] Corporate companies are encouraged to create "pro-NS" policies for reservists, such as training spaces, monetary incentives and flexible working hours, and are recognised at an annual awards ceremony.[33]

Civil defence broadly refers to activities of the Singapore Police Force and Singapore Civil Defence Force to restore a sense of normalcy during a national crisis with the aid of active civilian participation.[26] Civilians are trained in first aid, urban survival, and management of blood, water and food resources.[26][34] Donating blood to national blood banks, volunteer work, and being a medical frontliner are also activities seen as contributing to civil defence.[35][36]

Economic defence relates to governmental efforts to sustain and develop Singapore's economy, while a policy is undertaken by the government for workers to upgrade their skill sets.[37][38] The Singapore Government also stockpiles essential supplies of food, medication and personal protective equipment,[39][35] in addition to pursuing secondary supply chains, so as to offset potential disruptions.[40][41] The conservation of essential resources including water is placed under economic defence.[37][42]

Social defence stems from official policies to maintain social cohesion among Singapore's diverse population through multiculturalism.[43][44] As part of state-backed efforts, religious leaders engage in interfaith sessions through the Inter-Religious Organisation;[45] such efforts are seen as necessary by the Singapore Government to counter non-state actors influence operations.[46] Improving relations between neighbours is also listed as part of social defence.[46][47]

Psychological defence refers to the Singapore Government's programme to strengthen "resolve and resilience" amongst its citizens to face unexpected crises; it is also cited as necessary to combat fake news.[48] The government views psychological resilience as the bedrock of a "social compact" and seeks to emulate Finland's example.[48] Efforts to improve mental health in Singapore is also placed under psychological defence.[49]

Digital defence refers to efforts to increase awareness of online security threats, including misinformation, cyberattacks and phishing scams.[18][50] The threat is seen as particularly acute due to the country's "open and connected" nature and governmental plans to orientate the country around a digital economy and the Smart Nation concept.[51] All civil servants are mandated to undergo cybersecurity training, with the government also increasing audits of state infrastructure.[52]

Total Defence Day was added to the list of dates for schools to commemorate on 17 May 1997,[53] and first nationally marked on 15 February 1998[a] with the Singapore Civil Defence Force sounding the Important Message Signal through the island-wide Public Warning System sirens and local radio stations for a minute.[55] The date was chosen to mark the British surrender of Singapore to Japan during World War II. At its inception, the siren was sounded at 12:05pm Singapore Standard Time; this was changed to 6:20pm in 2015 to mark the actual time of the surrender in 1942.[56]

Schools conduct emergency preparedness drills, food and electricity rationing, and may organise tours to government exhibitions.[57] The defence minister also delivers an address on the day prior, along with other ministers.[47][58]

A memorial service had been held annually at the War Memorial Park since 1967 to recognise civilians who lost their lives during the Japanese occupation.[59][60] The event would usually involve over 1,000 participants prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but was reduced to 50 for 2021.[61]

The competition to design a logo for Total Defence was announced on 8 May 1985 before being officially launched on 1 June. Contestants were divided into four segments of society: community, art student, school and Singapore Armed Forces personnel, with no limitations to the number of submissions per individual.[62] The Ministry of Defence stipulated design rules that the proposed logo not exceed three colours or be based on any language.[63][64] The submission phase ended on 3 July, with twelve designs thereafter selected for a public vote.[65] The final design was to be unveiled on National Day on 9 August 1985.[66]

The winning design was created by freelance artist Berwin See Hak Gei.[67][68] The logo was outlined as a hand in salute, with five arrows representing the five original pillars. The crescent moon and five stars, and the colours of red and white, are elements from the national flag. Over the years, the logo was adapted to reflect the different campaign themes, but retained its distinctive five arrows design. The changes include updating the tagline which accompanied the logo, smoothening the sharp edges of the original and integrating the left-most arrow into the body in 2009, and overlaying a metallic sheen in 2017.

The addition of digital defence mandated that the logo be redesigned to incorporate the sixth element, with a new competition launched on 17 September 2019.[70] As with the first competition, 10 designs were chosen by the organisers and put up for a public vote, which ended on 29 December.[71] The winner, Samantha Alexa Teng, a teacher at Queensway Secondary School was awarded her prize on 15 February 2020.[72][73]

Nexus is the agency responsible for Total Defence and national education under the Ministry of Defence. Earlier campaign posters and themes focused on military defence and civil defence, but has since evolved to also include the other four elements.[74][75]

Year

Theme

1984

There's a Part for Everyone

2006

Stay Vigilant, Be Resilient

2007

Confidence, Commitment and Cohesion

2008

Total Defence. It's Personal. Play Your Part

2009

What Will You Defend?

2010

I Will

2011

Home - Keeping It Together

2012

Total Defence - It's My Turn

2013

Will You Stand With Me?

2014

Because You Played a Part

2015

Our SAF: Giving Strength to Our Nation

2016 - present

Together We Keep Singapore Strong

As 15 February 1998 was a Sunday, schools commemorated the day on Friday, 13 February instead.^ [54]

1. ^

2. ^

3. ^

4. ^

5. ^ "Special dates to note". The New Paper. 17 May 1997. Mark these dates. They will be added to the school's calendar of days to commemorate. They include: Total Defence Day on Feb 15.

6. ^ "Pupils find the 'taste of war' quite tasteless". The Straits Times. 14 February 1998.

7. ^ "Sirens". The New Paper. 14 February 1998. On Sunday at noon, the sirens of the Public Warning System will sound island-wide for one minute. This is in conjunction with total defence day, to mark the fall of Singapore to the Japanese during World War II.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Total Defence is Singapore's whole-of-society national defence concept, based on the premise that every aspect of society contributes to the collective defence of the state. The strategy was first introduced in 1984 and adopted from the national defence strategies of Sweden and Switzerland.