# data[].attributes.body
He was a Renaissance philosopher who is known for writing the controversial Oration on the Dignity of Man which was published in 1496. This book/speech glorifies god as well as human beings over anything else.

# data[].attributes.body
do
say
act like?

# data[].attributes.headline
How did the Dada artists live with the absurd?

# data[].attributes.subject
How did the Dada artists live with the absurd?

# data[].attributes.body
Life according to practitioners in psychoanalytical theory (such as Sigmund Freud) is a combination of inescapable destiny (the ophedius complex), the stages of development and how the past influences are future. This is based on lingering stages of development and how they create fixations later in life.

# data[].attributes.body
Humanism is the idea of shifting focus from omnipotent beings and bringing it back to the idea of human power and having a rationalist outlook on things.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.verywellmind.com/instinct-theory-of-motivation-2795383

I found this link quite helpful to get a better understanding of instinct and drive

# data[].attributes.body
Interesting link of Freuds id, ego, superego ideas https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-id-2795275

# data[].attributes.body
I like what you are saying here Logan. I wonder, when you are talking about the absense on value is that talking about using cheap or everyday materials, or the subject matter being unimportant? Or both?

# data[].attributes.body
What are the implications of 'God is Dead'?
(So what does this mean for modern art? What does it mean for us now also?)

# data[].attributes.body
Modern artists typically embraced the divine, for example Dali and Warhol. These artists were not necessarily religious; some atheists used christian motifs because they found them aesthetically approachable. Religion gave them a certain structure around which they could build their art. Even expressionist and abstract pieces, which rejected conformist and standard artistic ideas, could be highly spiritually symbolic. The “death of god” was declared about a third of the way through the modernist movement, and the implications could have been vast. Suddenly art had no basis, no form, no predisposed purpose or desire. Art was liberated. This came after the industrial revolution, when artists were already experimenting with impressionism, expressionism and abstractionism. The declaration that God was dead could have been the straw which broke conformity's back.

# data[].attributes.body
“God is Dead” is a widely quoted idea from German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. This was a concept he developed after the age of enlightenment, and was important to nihilism because it essentially said there is no point in life, and spoke to the true nature of nihilism. “A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy.” (https://iep.utm.edu/nihilism/) This definition is not definite on whether a true Nihilist would have the impulse to destroy, and this hints that nihilism does not have to be destructive. In fact, Nietzsche himself believed that while people themselves had the tendency to destroy, nihilism was a way an individual acting purposefully, with the intention of reaching their own personal ideal. This sentiment is not, by nature, destructive.

# data[].attributes.body
Petrarch has been called the first modern man. He observed the external world and analyzed his own interior life with a new awareness of values. Painfully conscious of human transience, he felt it his mission to bridge the ages and to save the classical authors from the ravages of time for posterity.

# data[].attributes.body
I found this link helpfull about dream theory

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Dreams are hallucinations that occur during certain stages of sleep. They're strongest during REM sleep, or the rapid eye movement stage, when you may be less likely to recall your dream. Much is known about the role of sleep in regulating our metabolism, blood pressure, brain function, and other aspects of health. But it's been harder for researchers to explain the role of dreams.

When you're awake, your thoughts have a certain logic to them. When you sleep, your brain is still active, but your thoughts or dreams often make little or no sense. This may be because the emotional centers of the brain trigger dreams, rather than the logical regions.

Though there's no definitive proof, dreams are usually autobiographical thoughts based on your recent activities, conversations, or other issues in your life. However, there are some popular theories on the role of dreams.

Researchers still don't entirely agree on the purpose of dreams. There are, however, some widely held beliefs and theories.

Dreams as therapists

Your dreams may be ways of confronting emotional dramas in your life. And because your brain is operating at a much more emotional level than when you're awake, your brain may make connections regarding your feelings that your conscious self wouldn't make.

Dreams as fight-or-flight training

One of the areas of the brain that's most active during dreaming is the amygdala. The amygdala is the part of the brain associated with the survival instinct and the fight-or-flight response.

One theory suggests that because the amygdala is more active during sleep than in your waking life, it may be the brain's way of getting you ready to deal with a threat.

Fortunately, the brainstem sends out nerve signals during REM sleep that relax your muscles. That way you don't try to run or punch in your sleep.

Dreams as your muse

One theory for why we dream is that it helps facilitate our creative tendencies. Artists of all kinds credit dreams with inspiring some of their most creative work. You may have awakened at times in your life with a great idea for a movie or a song, too.

Without the logic filter you might normally use in your waking life that can restrict your creative flow, your thoughts and ideas have no restrictions when you're sleeping.

Dreams as memory aides

One widely held theory about the purpose of dreams is that they help you store important memories and things you've learned, get rid of unimportant memories, and sort through complicated thoughts and feelings.

Research shows that sleep helps store memories. If you learn new information and sleep on it, you'll be able to recall it better than if asked to remember that information without the benefit of sleep.

How dreams affect memory storage and recall isn't clearly understood yet. But dreams may help the brain more efficiently store important information while blocking out stimuli that could interfere with memory and learning.

Dreams that help you deal productively with emotions, memories, and other information may seem very helpful. The occasional nightmare is considered a dream that's simply more frightening or upsetting. Nightmares tend to be caused by stress, anxiety, or sometimes as a reaction to certain medications.

However, if you have nightmares frequently, you could have a sleeping disorder. Regularly occurring scary dreams can be labeled a sleeping disorder if the nightmares:

cause you to be anxious about going to sleep

lead to frequent disruptions of your sleep

bring about other sleeping or psychological problems

Many people experience occasional nightmares throughout their lives. However, the American Sleep Association estimates only about 5 percent of the population experiences persistent nightmares as a sleeping disorder.

Some factors that affect us when we're awake can also influence our dreams.

Health conditions

One of the biggest influences on dreams is how much or how little you're sleeping. Being sleep-deprived for a night or two (or more) can make parts of your brain much more active when you finally do slip into REM sleep. You're likely to have more vivid dreams if you've had some restless nights. You're also more likely to recall those dreams, too.

Being pregnant is also a catalyst for vivid dreaming. Increased hormone production affects the way your brain processes thoughts and emotions. This often leads to some intense dreams.

Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety, as well as bipolar disorder and other mood-related conditions, can trigger intense and sometimes disturbing or negative dreams and nightmares. The medications for these conditions, including antidepressants and antipsychotics, are also associated with a higher risk of nightmares.

Foods

There isn't indisputable evidence that certain foods lead to wilder or better dreams. But it's clear that some foods may set the stage for you to remember your dreams better.

High-carb foods, for example, can give you quick energy. But after a while, they can leave you feeling down. Anything that affects your waking mood is likely to affect your unconscious mood, too. So, if a sugar crash has you moping around during the day, those feelings could carry over into your sleep.

Also, food that causes you to wake up throughout the night may result in you waking up more frequently in the REM stage. When that happens, you'll probably remember more of your dreams.

Daily activities

Just as little or interrupted sleep often results in more vivid dreaming, a good night's sleep will cut down on the intense dreams you'll recall.

A small study found that one good way to sleep more soundly is to exercise in the morning. A good run or other cardio workout before noon helps set your clock so that you're more inclined to fall asleep faster and spend more time in deep sleep than if you didn't exercise or if you exercised late at night.

Runners and other serious fitness enthusiasts tend to spend less time in dreamy REM sleep, which is one of the lightest stages of sleep. Also, the more effectively you can de-stress during the day, the less likely you'll be to bring stress and anxiety to bed. That should help cut down on nightmares and interrupted sleep each night.

One of the reasons dreams can be difficult to remember is that the brain chemical associated with memory - norepinephrine - and the brain's electrical activity that helps with recall are at their lowest levels when you're dreaming. In fact, if you have a dream but don't wake up during the dream, you won't be able to remember it. The dreams you remember are the ones that are ongoing when you awaken.

Two ways to help recall your dreams is to tell yourself as you're falling asleep that you want to remember your dream. If that's your last thought, you may be more likely to wake up with a dream still somewhat fresh in your memory.

Since dream recall can be easily interrupted by even the slightest distraction, you should try to remember as much of your dream as soon as you wake up. Don't get out of bed or think about anything else. Try to grasp whatever images or memories you have of your dream and write them down on a pad next to your bed or on your smartphone.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Do We Dream? The Role of Dreams and Nightmares

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dreams are hallucinations that occur during certain stages of sleep. They're strongest during REM sleep, or the rapid eye movement stage, when you may be less likely to recall your dream. Much is known about the role of sleep in regulating our metabolism, blood pressure, brain function, and other aspects of health.

# data[].attributes.body
Sigmund Freud and psychic determinism.
This idea goes way back to the ophedius complex theory. Ophedius's parents were told at birth that he was destined to kill his father and marry his mother. His father was scared of this fate and left him in the forest in order to avoid this happening. Ophedius was taken in by a couple who when he was older told him that he was adopted. He then ran of and had a fight with a man in the forest and killed him (this man was his father) and he then married a beautiful lady that happened to be his mother. This is the concept that there is no e

# data[].attributes.body
Over the week I learned that Camus had a lot to say about living with the absurd. If I were to sum it up it is really about the art of creating meaning, in life that doesn't have any inate meaning and purpose.

# data[].attributes.headline
Some thoughts about Freud and Plato - Dante

# data[].attributes.subject
Some thoughts about Freud and Plato - Dante

# data[].attributes.body
So, I was reading one of Plato's dialogues, and an analogy he uses for the soul is that of a chariot with one well trained horse and one impulsive sensation seeking one. This struck me as very similar to Freud's ideas of the id, ego, and super ego. Possible link?

-Dante

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what Pertrarch did/wrote to be considered the first modern man?

# data[].attributes.body
This week I've learned that Nietzsche was the son of a pastor, who ended up believing that "God is Dead" because science made it impossible to believe in him. Interestingly he said that Christianity destroyed itself because it attributed huge importance to the truth, and the truth was manifesting in scientific discovery, which disproved the concept of God.

# data[].attributes.body
Petrarch was a religious man. He worked for the church as a traveling diplomat and had a love for lost ancient texts. While reading these texts he became enamored of the times they were writing about. He thought that if they could recapture the spirit of those times, they could again be prosperous. He wrote a doctorite on the subject which was later called humanism. This is why many historians consider him to be the person who began the renaissance.

# data[].attributes.body
“The one” - similar to god - everything is created from it but “the one” itself is not a conscious being

“Nous” - divine mind capable of contemplation around “the one” - represents knowledge and logic

“Soul” - lower (irrational) and higher (rational) mind. Responsible for the creati

# data[].attributes.body
i need to expand my idea and wirte more about humanism and petrarch

# data[].attributes.body
Sigmund Freud and dream theory. During dreams, Freud believed that the super ego was weakened due to the lack of control that we have over our actions during dreams. He proposed that dreams were our ID reaching into our consciousness which allowed us to fulfill fantasies that we are unable to achieve in everyday life due to societal standards. This interested the surrealist artists and inspired a lot of works such as 'Dreams caused by the flight of a bee and a pomegranate' Salvador Dali

# data[].attributes.body
Sigmund Freud often used the iceberg metaphor to describe the mind. “the image on top, being the conscious mind is just the "tip of the iceberg." Beneath the water is the much larger bulk of the iceberg, which represents the unconscious.” I think this is a really clear way to sum up his beliefs.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the meaning of life (according to Psychoanalytical theory)?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the meaning of life (according to Psychoanalytical theory)?

# data[].attributes.headline
How do we make sense of life (according to existentialism)?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do we make sense of life (according to existentialism)?

# data[].attributes.headline
What did it mean to be a good person according to the theories of Neoplatonism?

# data[].attributes.subject
What did it mean to be a good person according to the theories of Neoplatonism?

# data[].attributes.headline
What did it mean to be a good person according to the theories of Humanism?

# data[].attributes.subject
What did it mean to be a good person according to the theories of Humanism?

# data[].attributes.body
Carl Jung was a Swiss physchiatrist bor in 1875 who funded analytical psycology, Jung worked alongside Freud studying human physcology.

# data[].attributes.body
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist born in 1856 who was the founder of physhcoanalysis.

# data[].attributes.body
Dream Theory

Freuds theory
Is a belief that dreams allow people to expres

# data[].attributes.body
Surrealism was a cultural movement that developed in Europe after WW1. the movement was best known for juxtaposing distant realities to activate the unconcious mind through imagery

# data[].attributes.body
Physcoanilitical theory is a personality theory that divides the mind into three functions, the unconcious, subconcious and concious. It is based around the idea that an individual gets motivatied more by unseen forces that are controlled by an individuals conscience.

# data[].attributes.body
Famous orator (in the classical period).

Highly valued eloquence and speech making.

Wrote a lot
"His aim was to provide Rome with a kind of philosophical encyclopaedia" https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cicero/Philosophy

# data[].attributes.body
The Italian poet Petrarch (1304-1374), or Francesco Petrarca, is best known for the Iyric poetry of his Canzoniere and is considered one of the greatest love poets of world literature. A scholar of classical antiquity, he was the founder of humanism. Petrarch has been called the first modern man.

# data[].attributes.body
Neoplatonism is based around the idea of man having a higher and lower part/level. The higher level is known as “the one” and while its not a conscious level, it provides the lower part with life. The lower part is conscious, and is the seat of personality and free will.

# data[].attributes.body
Plato was one of the trifecta of famous Classical Athenian philosophers (the others being Socrates and Aristotle). His ideas tended to focus on spiritual and philosophical themes such as the soul and the nature of love.

-dante

# data[].attributes.body
Known as the father of Existentialism. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/

# data[].attributes.body
Plotinus was a major philosopher, inspired by the likes of Plato and taught by Ammonius Saccas (a platonic philosopher), who was responsible for the creation of Neoplatonism. He built on the ideas of Platonism, creating the idea of “the one”, “the intellect” and “the soul” which make up all matter on earth. The philosophy was founded on the ground that it be something for man to live by and have a virtuous life.

# data[].attributes.body
I need to understand what the absurd is in relation to nihilism

# data[].attributes.body
The idea of Nihilism is the concept of nothingness. During world war one a lot of artists felt overwhelmed and desired to create artworks that took them back to their childhood and to a more utopian time away from war. This is the concept of the Dada movement which is centered around the idea of childhood and playing with medium as the translation of the word is Rocking horse

# data[].attributes.body
Sigmund Freuds dream theory is his belief that dreams allow people express unconscious wishes they find unacceptable in real life. The plot of the dream, who’s in it and what happens is a representation of the hidden meaning within the dream, like the plot acting as a disguise that covers the real meaning of the dream.

Freud's theory of consciousness/subconscious is his belief, is that the “behaviour and personality were derived from the constant and unique interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three different levels of awareness: the preconscious, conscious, and unconscious.” He believed these rolls all played a part in shaping human behaviour and thought.

# data[].attributes.body
What was the church’s relationship/perspective of the theory of humanism?

# data[].attributes.body
I think I remember Dadaism was formed as a protest of the times, specifically against the war where they produced humour and satire things that were based on things that had no value.

# data[].attributes.body
Nihilism is the philosophy or set of beliefs that nothing in life matters, everything is chaos, and there is no point in anything.

# data[].attributes.body
i need to know abit more

# data[].attributes.headline
I need to understand key ideas in Psychoanalytical theory

# data[].attributes.subject
I need to understand key ideas in Psychoanalytical theory

# data[].attributes.body
e.g. What is Dream Theory
e.g Freuds theory of the consciousness/subconscious

# data[].attributes.body
I need to understand who Freud was and how his ideas were important to modernist art

# data[].attributes.body
To what extent was the dignity of man really valued in the renaissance period?

# data[].attributes.body
Why was it so important to explore/depict the natural world?

# data[].attributes.body
I need to understand who he was and why he was important

# data[].attributes.body
Who was Pertrarch and why was he so important to the development of theory in the Renaissance?

# data[].attributes.body
Who was Cicero and why was he so important to the developement of theory in the Renaissance?

# data[].attributes.body
Who was Plotinus and why was he so important?

# data[].attributes.body
I need to understand the principles of Neoplatonism. What were they and why were they so important?

# data[].attributes.body
I need to understand the principles of humanism. What were they and why were they important?

# data[].attributes.headline
Humanism and Christianity - New Information

# data[].attributes.subject
Humanism and Christianity - New Information

# data[].attributes.body
-Humanism wasn't necessarily opposed to christianity.  An example of this was 'learned piety' an idea that Erasmus promoted

"Humanism also supported Christian reform. The most important Christian humanist was the Dutch scholar Desiderius Erasmus (c.1466–1536). He was hostile to Scholasticism, which he did not consider a proper basis for Christian life, and put his erudition at the service of religion by promoting learned piety (docta pietas). "  -(https://www.iep.utm.edu/renaissa/ accessed 14/05/20)

# data[].attributes.headline
Our useful resources for understanding humanism and neoplatonism

# data[].attributes.subject
Our useful resources for understanding humanism and neoplatonism

# data[].attributes.body
This is just to get you started

Weebly Art History website: Weebly - Renaissance movies,  Weebly Renaissance links and pdfs, and Weebly website links  (use the buttons and folders on the home to link to useful websites for research)

Humanism and Neoplatonism: http://www.iep.utm.edu/renaissa/

Humanism: http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/humanism.html

http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_humanism.html

Renaissance Humanism: https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanism/Humanism-and-the-visual-arts

Renaissance Platonism: http://hermetic.com/texts/neoplatonism.html

Renaissance Neoplatonism Slideshare (the teacher who made this is Mr Jarry from Scots College): http://www.slideshare.net/mjarry/neoplatonism
https://youtu.be/t_yVSMjpNPA - BBC In our Time Neoplatonism

Weebly Art History website: Weebly - Early Modernism movies,  Weebly Early Modernism links and pdfs, and Weebly website links  (use the buttons and folders on the home to link to useful websites for research)

Dada & Surrealism: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/surrealism.html

Dada Art: http://www.dadart.com/dadaism/dada/020-history-dada-movement.html

Dada: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/dada.htm

Surrealism: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealism.htm

Surrealism overview: http://www.radford.edu/rbarris/art428/surrealism%201.html

Existential Nihilism Overview: http://writingcreativenonfiction.wordpress.com/2011/09/20/existential-nihilism-does-life-have-meani

ng/

Nihilism: http://www.iep.utm.edu/nihilism/

Existentialism: http://www.theartstory.org/definition-existentialism.htm

Dada and Existential theory article and discussion:

http://ufvcascade.ca/2011/03/11/dada-surrealism-and-the-universeity/

Sigmund Freud and his Theory of the Unconscious: http://www.iep.utm.edu/freud/

Carl Jung, Freud's famous student: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung

# data[].attributes.body
Lable your posts
e.g.
-my opinion
-my idea is
-authoritative source
-I wonder
-I need to know more about
-New information is

What do you know about Neoplatonism and Humanism at this stage?

What do you need to know more about?

What would be useful to look at next within humanism or neoplatonism?

What useful links have you been looking at that have helped you to understand these big ideas?

Respond to others if you agree

Post a counter point if you don't quite agree with someone or you think they've missed an important point.

Add resources links as a comment in my resources post.