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Salina Conigliaro Pd.6 Samoans: The creation of the universe. It all started when the god Tagaloa came into place. He disliked many things. But not the sky, not any country but he only went to and threw the expanse. There was no sea, and no earth. But, at the place where he stood there grew up a rock in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. He named it "Tagaloa-fa'atutupu-nu'u" the creator all things. But he himself was not made, the sky was not made or any thing else, but there grew Rock on which he stood. Tagaloa said to the Rock "Be thou split up." Then was brought forth the lying rock after that, Papa-sosolo the creeping rock, then Papa-lau-a'au the reef rock, Papa-'ano-'ano the thick rock, Papa-'ele the clay rock, Papa-tu the standing rock, then Papa-'amu-'amu the coral rock and last but not least his children. Tagaloa spoke to the rock almost everyday asking for many things, and many things he got. He asked for women, he asked for men, and he asked for family and that's what he got. The Samoan myth explains why family and respect are so important to their culture. Tagaloa made really big efforts to please his son and his son to respect his father greatly.

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Pilgrims Nathaniel seitz Pd:8 In the 16 hundreds pilgrims where clueless about many things, for example, many people believed that the earth was flat. Pilgrims believed the earth and many other things where created by God. There were many theories on how earth was created but in 1620 they didn't have the technology to proof any scientific explantion.

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Travis Lenhardt Period: 6 Date: 10/04/13 The Arab creation essay The religion of Islam is often thought to have started with Muhammad, who was born in Mecca in 5770 CE. Forty years later, the word of God was revealed to him by the angel Gabriel, and this revelation was the first of many which were collected and came to create the Qur'an, the Arabs holy book. The Arabs believe that Muhammad was the last in a line of prophets and that the message given to him was the final one. Thus they do not see him as the founder of the religion, but believe that Islam has its origin in the very creation of man. When God wants to create something, all he needs to say is "Be", and it becomes. So it was that God created the world and the heavens. God made every living and nonliving thing on earth . He made the angels, and the sun, moon, and the stars. And consider, as the Qur'an says, "God poured down the rain in torrents, and broke up the soil to bring forth the corn, the grapes and other vegetation; the olive and the palm, the fruit trees and the grass." After God had created a wonderful world, the angels were sent to the earth, and were asked to bring seven handfuls of soil,of all different colors, from which he could mold man. After molding man he breathed life and power into him , and he immediately sprang to life. The first man was named Adam. God took Adam to live in Paradise. In Paradise, God then created Eve, the first woman. God taught Adam the names of all the creatures, and then commanded the angel to bow down before Adam because he was now the master on earth. God placed the couple in a beautiful garden in Paradise, telling them that they could eat whatever they wanted except the fruit on a forbidden tree. The evil one tempted them to disobey God, and eat the fruit. When God found out that Adam and Eve had disobeyed him, he cast them out of Paradise and sent them to earth. But God is merciful. The earth was created to give food, drink and shelter to the human race. The sun, moon and stars give light. It is a good world, where everything has been created to serve people. And people, the Qur'an teaches, should serve God and obey his will. For those who submit to the will of God will be saved, and taken to live forever in Paradise. The Arabic creation story is found in the Qur'an, and further explained in various teachings given by Muhammad, which were collected and are known as the Hadath. At the heart of the creation story is something which Arabs all over the world hear every day in their Call to Prayer - God is great. For Arabs, they believe there is only one God who created everything. God's world is a good world, and when people obey or submit to God then life is good. Although God made humans superior to the rest of creation, Arabs believe that this means humans have been given everything on earth to care for and look after. The world is not ours to do with as we want. The Qur'an teaches that Arabs should be thankful for all living things, for God is the creator of all life. The Arabs live mostly in Indonesia, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Below is a picture of ancient Arabs and the Arabian flag. The Arabic culture is still around to this day, they are known to be existent early before 1000 CE.

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BIOLOGY ONE PTC WRITING ASSIGNMENT “CREATION STORIES” Of all the sub-Saharan Bantu people, the Zulus are the most well known. They arose in the late 18th century from the hundreds of small clans occupying the northern regions of kwaZulu-Natal on the eastern seaboard of South Africa. There was always a struggle between the clans for grazing rights and conflict was commonplace but took the form of shouted insults and some assegai throwing. Zulu beliefs deem birth, puberty, marriage and death as opportune times to communicate with the ancestors. And they can be called on for good luck, blessings, fortune, assistance or guidance. To beseech them they are given offerings and sacrifices, which can range from home-brewed beer to the slaughtering of animals. The Zulu religion is based on the creator god Unkulunkulu and the worship of ancestors. The creator god is almighty, but has little to do with everyday affairs. The spirit world, on the other hand, is always present in traditional Zulu religion. It is believed that when a person dies this person's spirit will watch over the others from this spirit world. People can come into contact with the spirit world and one's ancestors during special ceremonies.

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ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS Aboriginal Australians Are descendants of the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago, a genetic study has found, confirming they may have the oldest continuous culture on the planet. Aboriginal Australians reached Asia at least 24,000 years before any other human did. Australian Aboriginals had split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, 64,000 to 75,000 years ago.Aboriginal Australians were the first modern humans to get to unknown territory in Asia and Australia. DNA shows that aboriginal Austrians were the oldest Living population. that call the beginning of time "the dreamtime".aboriginal ancestors rose from below the earth and formed animal species,bodies of water and the sky. But some aboriginal believe that there ancestor metamorphosed into nature like a rock or a river when.

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The Mayans The Earth: The Mayans believed a couple created the universe. This couples names were Xpiyakok and Xmukane, they started it all. Seeing that there was only the sky and the sea, Xpiyakok and Xmukane created the Earth just by saying the word. They created the land and the animals. But they also created noisy, squawking birds. Although the birds were able to make sounds, they could not speak their creators names Xpiyakok and Xmukane were mad at this realization. They wanted to create something that could kill them. The were first gonna make people from mud but later found out it was too soft so the carved us out of trees. They couldn't talk so the created a great flood to kill all of them. Then the made people more like monkeys. This is how Mayans thought we were created. -Jake Rose

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Chaz sleasman Pd 6 Apaches creation of life story. The apaches thought that in the beginning there was nothing but darkness until a flat disc appeared one side yellow and one side white. Then a figure appeared and rubbed his eyes like he woke up from a long nap then eh created the trees and then he created animals. Then After awhile he created humans and one of the groups of people called them selves the apaches and they listened to what the creator told them to do. When they were done life was created. Then the apaches created different plants and animals so after they created animals that would evolve over time they started to evolve themselves and almost every hundred years they evolved again until they Became who they are now. That's how the apaches think life was created over time until now.

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Incas Back in the 1430s C.E there was a brutal war in a village called Cusco. One day a tribe planned an attack on the the Incas. Little did they know that the Incas would win the battle! The Incas called themselves the "Children of the Suns. " The reason they were called this is because they worshiped the sun god, the god of thunder, Moon, rainbows, mountain tops, stars, planets, and many more. To avoid problems the Incas would pay their respects to each god every single day. Maybe this is why they won the battle. The Incas like many other tribes are clearly very religious, the Incas believed that the gods and their dead ancestors could communicate with them through dreams, omens, and other signs. Since the Incas were very religious they believed In the dead very much this means that when one dies they have a very big funeral service. These services normally take up to about 8 days. Then the body is carried through out the streets. And then will later be mummified. Women will cut their hair very short and wear black for about a month. The Incas were big on signs. Priests could find a sign anywhere. In a way a plant may be growing. Even in a flame from a fire. They could see signs. This just have helped the Incas a lot. Huacas is another thing the Incas worshiped. Huacas is a sacred place or object. Back then Huacas were everywhere. A Huacas never depended on how big or small an object was. It could be a building, a tree, or just a small toy in your hand. Every Incan family said daily prayers to Huacas. As for priest did daily ceremonies at temples. Now you might be thinking, "it seems like all the Incas do is say prayers?" There Is more to it than that. Every single month the Incas have a festival. At the festival there is singing, dancing, food, a parade, games. But unfortunately every festival they sacrifice something or in the case if there would be a crowing of a new emperor or a drought they would sacrifice a person. The Incas were very religious people back in their time. They believed in many different gods and many different things. I believe that the amount of religion they spread through out the entire Inca population helped them stay together and also get through tough battles like the one that got them their name THE INCAS.

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The Romans The roman creation theory is greatly similar to the creation theory of the Greeks. The culture however is different. In Rome their culture is referred to the arts, language, religion, politics, cuisine, architectures and fashion found in Rome, Italy. Rome is often called the capital of the world due to its historical and social importance. The Romans lived in the Mediterranean Sea in Europe. According to Roman and Greek. In the beginning in was only Chaos, the abyss of space. Then Chaos gives birth to Night and Erebus and the universe is cold and dark for a long time. For some reasons historians can't explain, the power of love comes into existence, bringing light and day with it. Therein no explanation of how Uranus (god of the sky) and Gaia (the earth itself) came to be. Then these two had some fun and Gaia started having children. The first were monsters, in some ways like man but still inhuman. Three of her children were creatures with one hundred hands and fifty heads and three were the Cyclopses: towering one-eyed creatures with incredible strength. Lastly she gave birth to the Titans, beings as strong as their brothers, but not as malevolent in nature. They would give birth to the Gods The Romans also have a second creation story of the universe and how life on earth came to be.According to the Romans, in the beginning there was absolutely nothing – just dark, endless matter. Then a divine spirit, or “God”, rolled the matter into a ball to create Earth. This spirit divided the earth into five “zones.” The two outer zones were far too cold for any living thing to survive in, and the inner layer was too hot. The two layers that were left over, however, consisted of a perfect balance between warm and cold. It was in these zones that everything was created – lakes, seas, land, animals, etc. The only thing that lacked in these zones were a symbol of god. Seeing this, Prometheus sculpted a figure, man, out of earth. This figure was to symbolize the gods, thus human life is formed. Humans were designed to walk on two feet so that their gaze was up towards the heavens, rather than on the ground as most other creatures were. Because the Earth possessed great qualities, so did man. Man lived in harmony for quite some time, not needing any laws or rules to abide.

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Corinthian pottery showed that the civilization was at that location as early as 6500 bc. The Corinthians continued on until the early "Bronze Age". This period is from 3300 bc to 2100 bc. Although the production of ceramic artifacts decreased in the early Helladic II period (2500 bc to 2300 bc). From the pottery archeologists know about when the Corinthians lived. Before the Myceanaean period (1600 bc to 1100 bc) the Corinthians only appeared in spaced intervals. After that the area was most likely not inhabited until around 900 bc. Many of the Corinthians worshiped Greek gods. One of those was Corithos. This deity was a descendent from Helios (sun god). Corithos, according to the Hellenic myth,founded the city. Others believe it was founded by the goddess Ephyra, daughter of a Titan named Oceanus. Hence the ancient name for the city (Ephyra). While worshiping there deities, often they would invite their friends to join them. The guests would eat the worshipers portion at a banquet for that god. Papyrus invitations were sent out to the guests. Corinthians had a problem with their "love" life. They were said to have divorced a little less to a little more frequently as we do today. There was a lot of prostitution at this time, which could have caused so many divorces. In this period, apparently "intercourse" was as necessary as water or food. Also prostitution was a respected field of work. There was a festival of Aphrodite for the prostitutes. When their was a matter of grave importance to pray about, many people in invited as many prostitutes to petition with them. Later in the prayer they would beg with the other Corinthians and be present at the sacrifice to that god. Women were most respected, although some rules were against them. Women often found themselves great jobs. One example is a priestess, another would be prophetess. The Greeks mostly denied the "resurrection of a body". For in a few cases Aeschylus had people say in a roundabout way that resurrecting a body is impossible. In one of his plays he writes "I know no way how by mere words to bring the dead back to life". The Corinthian city was, at the time, a centre or trade. Also the city was very wealthy and they prospered for a long time. The Corinthians had a major supply of goods and materials. Furthermore two wars weakened the city and made it possible for an invasion. The two wars are the Peloponnesian war and the corithian war. After those wars were ended the Macedonians invaded and the "Corithian league against the Persian empire" was formed. The Corithian war lasted from 395 bc to 387 bc. After this only a few minor battles happened until finally in 1821, during the "independence of Greece" the city was destroyed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Corinth and http://www.ovc.edu/terry/dissertation/2_4-aspects.htm were my reference

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Navajo nation creation story. The navajo nation is a very different indian nation. They have a different story on how earth came to be. A long long time ago, there were four clouds. A blue one, a yellow one, a black one, and a white one. There was also a big piece of land floating in the mist. On one side the black and white clouds formed a man. On the other side the blue and yellow clouds formed to make a female. These people live on different sides of the island. The man and woman eventually met. As they talked a coyote who could change into a human came and talked to them claiming he was the first there. With him there were insect people. Life on the island was very bad and no one liked it. So all of the people climbed on the clouds and found a second world called the blue world.

Here in the blue world there were blue birds, blue jays, blue herons, and blue hawks. There were also four houses to the north, south, east and west. In the White House to the east lived wolves. In the blue house to the south lived wildcats. In the yellow house to the west lived kit foxes. And lastly in a black house to the north lived mountain lions. These were very sacred animals to the Navajo people. This was a very Violent island and the people were aware and unhappy. The man killed some of the creatures but received songs and prayers to sing to the creatures and they came back to life. Still, the animals wanted to leave. The first man made four wands made of a black stone called jet, turquoise, shell, and abalone. Then he carved footprints into the wands and the people got on them and flew away to the third world.

Once the people got to the third world (the yellow world) the people saw two huge rivers. The one that flowed north to south was the female river. The one that flowed east to west was the male river. Also there were 6 mountains. The first was in the east named Blanco Peak Sisnaajinii. It was called the white shell mountain and the standing black sash. In the south there was mount Taylor Tsoodzil also called mount tongue. The ceremonial name was the blue beard or turquoise mountain. In the North there was La Plata Mountain also called many sheep mountain. In the west there was San Francisco peaks called the Abalone Shell Mountain. Then in the middle there were the last two mountains; Huerfano Mesa the upper mountain, was very sacred and people lived around it. It's also called Precious Stone or Banded Rock Mountain. Near it was Gobernador Knob another sacred mountain. There were many animals that lived there that we have today that lived there. Everyone loved the yellow world. One day the coyote took a water monsters babies. This made the monster very angry so she made it rain and rain. The yellow world started to flood fast. Trying to escape the people climbed the mountains, but the water kept rising. The man planted 3 trees to try and escape, but they were not tall enough. The fourth he planted was a female reed tree and it grew to the sky. The people climbed up it to find the fourth world which is the one we live in today.

Even though the people were in a new world (the forth world), the water kept rising. Finally the coyote took the kids out of his coat and decided to keep the female child and give back the male. He put the male in a basket on a water Oxs head and thus they disappears and the water stopped rising. The holy people made four mountains in the north, south, east, and west with soil they had from the third world. The people also made fire from flint they found in the third world. The people ate wild plants and meat. There were terrible beasts that killed the people who lived in the fourth world. In a cloud 2 twins appeared and were the sons of the sun and first woman. One was named child of the water And the other monster slayer. They grew up and went on a journey to find their dad the sun. They eventually found him and told him about the terrible monsters. The sun gave they boys weapons to help kill off the beasts. Monster slayer was the child who did most of the killing. The people during this time were suffering from hunger, cold, death, and poverty. Monster slayer planned to kill them. When he met hunger slayer was about to kill him, but hunger told slayer if he died people would never be hungry again and never enjoy eating. He was spared. Then slayer came across cold. If she was killed it would be hot and there would be no water. She was also spared. Then slayer came across poverty. If he was killed things would never wear out and there would be no need to buy new things. He was also spared. When slayer came across death, he was determined to kill her. She told him that if he died no one would die or be born so she was spared. Because all of there people were spared that's why we have all of there things today.

The Navajo eventually established their nation in 1868 and are still here today. The typical person has dark skin, long black hair, has cloth for clothing, and wears jewelry. There are many scatter reservations for this tribe all around Arizona, Navajo, and the New Mexico area. These people are very spiritual. Over all I think the creation story of these people is very unique and interesting.

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Tyler Cowan Pd 6 10-3-13 Aztec Creation Story The Aztecs believe the creation of the earth was a birth death and a rebirth the viewed this because of the universe that died before our current universe that we live in today. In the beginning there was one god Omectechuliti / Omechuatl this god just created itself. This god was good and bad chaos and calm and male and female. With it being male and female it could have children. It did. It had 4 which became gods. Each would become the directions we use today North South East and West. Huizilopachtil was the south god. Quetzalcoatl was the east god. Tezcatlipoca was the west god and Xipe Totec was the north god. They all crated water and a sea monster called Catapil the problem with him was that when a creature would fall in the water he would eat it and this became a problem because of declining population of that species. The four gods attacked the creature and pulled it apart and that's what created the Universe. Head being Heaven Middle being our earth and Legs being underworld. First Sun Jaguar Sun (Nahui Ocelotl) To complete this they needed a large source of energy and to fulfill this they had to sacrifice a god to create a sun. The first god they sacrificed was Tezcalipoca he only had enough power to be half a sun. During this time the gods made giants and gave them acorns to eat. A fight began between Quetzalcoatl and Tezcalipoca. Quetzalcoatl knocked the sun of the sky. In return Tezcalipoca sent jaguars to destroy the giants. Second Sun Wind Sun (Nahui Ehecatl) Quetzalcoatl took over as the sun. This time the gods created normal sized humans. Also lived on acorns. The humans soon became corrupt and out for revenge. Tezcalipoca turned them into monkeys. Then Quetzalcoatl sent a hurricane to blow the monkeys away. Third Sun Rain Sun (Nahui Quiahuitl) Tialoc was created by the gods and he next became god of the sun. Tezcalipoca stole Tialocs wife. For revenge he never sent rain to the universe. He created a large drought. When he wanted it to rain he sent fire. He burnt away his version of the world. Fourth Sun Water Sun (Nahui Atl) The next god was Tialocs sister her name was Calchiuhtlicuc. Tezcalipoca and Quetzacoatl struck down the sun as she fell she opened up the sun and flooded the earth. The universe was once again destroyed. Fifth Sun Earthquake Sun This is the story of our universe today. All the gods met and discussed the next god but Tecuciztecatl sacrificed himself but the gods preferred Nanahuatzin. A great fire started but Tecuciztecatl was to afraid to jump. So Nanahuatzin did this made Tecuciztecatl mad so he also jumped followed by a Eagle and a Jaguar. Two suns were created. There was a problem it was way to bright. So the gods threw a rabbit at Tecuciztecatl and he became the moon. But Nanahuatzin was weak so all the gods donated blood to the god allowing him to rush across the sky. The Aztecs believe that this universe will end by a series of earthquakes.

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Cherokee Indian Creation Story Believe it or not, the Cherokee Indians, (one of the largest of five Native American tribes) were a big part of American history. The Cherokee region was in 8 of our current states; Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee. Cherokee Indian culture was spread throughout these lands with their religion, language, and customs. Unfortunately, Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, and by 1838, about 5,000 Cherokee Indians alone had died from the “Trail of Tears”, making the Indians quite scarce. But let us all go back to the beginning of Earth, where the Cherokees believed it had all started. In the start, the Earth was all water, suspended by each of the four cardinal points. All animals lived above (the Earth), and for the sky was starting to get crammed. Everyone was curious about Earth, and what was below its waters, so Dayuni’si, the water beetle, offered to explore it. There was not land above water, but below was mud. The mud expanded in each direction and eventually became an island called Earth. When the mud appeared, the animals wanted to make sure that the land was dry and stable for them to live on, so essentially, they sent a bird down to check. This bird’s result stated to the animals that the land was still to wet for living, so the animals sent a buzzard down to prepare it for them. The buzzard went to Earth and by the time he had reached Cherokee land, he grew tired, and his wings hit the soft ground, explaining the hills and valleys of Cherokee land today. The buzzard returned and when the animals decided to move onto Earth, they thought it was too dark, so they created the sun, now treasuring their beautiful Earth. Men had arrived at Earth after animals and plants. There were only two people existing at first; a brother and sister. He struck her with a fish and told her to populate. It did happen, and in seven days the child was born. After this, every seven days she produced and child, coming to a point of having so many children that there was worry the Earth could not keep them all. So what established was that the woman was only allowed to reproduce once a year, and that rule has stayed in place ever since.

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Justin startari.   The universe and earth

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Justin startari.   The universe and earth

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Taoists believe the universe started with elements and gasses of the heavens and the earth freely mingled and was dormant somewhere in space it was called the universal egg for 18000 years This egg remained in this state until incubation was complete and the egg hatched the universe was created the lighter substances floated up and back the heavens these elements are called yang the heavier substances fell down and became earth these are calls yin from these forces a third the giant pan ku was. Born as he grew his size divided heaven and earth pan ku live for 18000 more years with a tortoise, Phoenix, dragon, and a unicorn pan ku molded the earth. When pan ku died his body turned into things his left eye turned into the sun and his right eye turned into the moon his. Blood became the rivers and the oceans his breath is the wind and his sweat is the rain his. Voice became thunder his flesh. Became soil and the fleas on his body became people living on earth. Taoists are typically located in china. Taoist do not focus on life after death like Christians. Instead they work out practical ways to live as long as they can be immortal. Taoism started about 2300 years ago, and is still a religion today.

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The Egyptians are residents of Egypt who participate in a common culture and speak Arabic. They live in Egypt, hence they the name "Egyptians". Egyptian sameness is closely related to the geography in which they live. The population of Egypt is condensed into the lower valley of the Nile river. Egyptian culture mainly consist of two very similar story's. There are many variations but most of the story's consist of many of the same details. The first story goes somewhat like this... The Egyptians believe that in the beginning the world was only a swirling watery chaos and they called it "Nu". After these swirling waters a sun god arose. It is believed that he created himself by using his own thoughts and will. His name is "Atum". Atum didn't have a high place to be on the earth so he created himself a huge hill. There are also cultural groups that branched and believed that he is the hill. This hill is believed to be the spot on which the temple of Heliopolis was built. The second story is very much similar and this is how it goes... In the beginning the world was just a watery chaos. Then Atum created himself from this chaotic land of water. Now given the fact that Atum was alone, he created things as they were needed. Shu, the god of air, Tefnut, the god of moisture, and from them the god of the earth, Geb, and the god of the sky, Nut were created.These gods then created Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys, these four gods are known as the gods of kinship. To end this story on a quick note, Osiris represents the god of life, death and resurrection. This story spiked the idea of mummification. People were created by Ra's tears. This was known as "the men of tears". In conclusion, I hope this reading peaked your interest in Egyptians and you would like to read more. The end.