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1. https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/cholesterol-tests-understand-your-results
2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/reduce-cholesterol/art-20045935
3. https://www.livestrong.com/article/144497-why-do-doctors-monitor-the-concentration-of-ldl-hdl/
4. How does Intake of Unsaturated, Saturated, and Trans Fats Affect Cholesterol Levels and Overall Health? (2017, March 29). Retrieved from https://pbscholesterolproject.wordpress.com/2017/03/29/how-does-intake-of-unsaturated-saturated-and-trans-fats-affect-cholesterol-levels-and-overall-health/
5. Kamps, A. (2018, December 09). How Do LDL and HDL Differ Structurally and Functionally? Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/ldl-hdl-differ-structurally-functionally-2003.html
6. LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol. (2018, July 30). Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html
7. Understanding Cholesterol Levels: LDL, HDL, Total Cholesterol, and Triglyceride Levels. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers#1-2

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HDL and LDL are two types of lipoproteins, they are a combination of fats and proteins. LDL and HDL have different purposes. LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins, it is commonly referred to as, "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is referred to as the "good" cholesterol because it takes cholesterol from your cells to the liver which removes cholesterol from the body.

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How do LDL and HDL differ structurally and functionally?

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How do LDL and HDL differ structurally and functionally?

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LDL is 50% cholesterol and 25% protein. HDL is 50% protein and 20% cholesterol by weight. Protein is more dense than fat, therefore since HDL contains more protein it is called high-density lipoprotein. Both types of lipoprotein deliver cholesterol in the blood, but they deliver it to different places. LDL carry cholesterol to your cells and can cause cholesterol to build up. HDL carry cholesterol away from your heart and organs and carry it to the liver. The liver removes it from the body.

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How does intake of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fat affect cholesterol levels and overall health?

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How does intake of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fat affect cholesterol levels and overall health?

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Unsaturated fats are healthy and can improve blood cholesterol levels. Saturated and Trans fats are unhealthy and can increase the LDL in your blood. Saturated fats Increase LDL and are generally a negative effect on health. Unsaturated fats decrease LDL and increase HDL and are generally a positive effect on health.

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What other molecules in a patients blood are monitored along with LDL and HDL?

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What other molecules in a patients blood are monitored along with LDL and HDL?

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Triglycerides are the end products of digesting and breaking down fats in meals and they are another molecule that are monitored with LDL and HDL.

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What do the results of a cholesterol test mean? How do patients interpret each value?

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What do the results of a cholesterol test mean? How do patients interpret each value?

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"Lipoprotein profile" means to  measure your cholesterol levels. It can show you many types of fats in your blood.  The test gives you four results, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (blood fats). To help interpret accurate information you will need to fast 9-12 hours before your test.  Your numbers will be put into milligrams and deciliters.

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What can patients do to change the levels of LDL and HDL in their blood?

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What can patients do to change the levels of LDL and HDL in their blood?

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To help change the levels of LDL and HDl in your blood the amount of saturated fat intake needs to be lowered. Reducing the fat intake and cholesterol intake will increase HDL levels and decrease LDL levels. You can also eliminate the value of trans fats. Eating rich foods in omega-3 fatty acids will increase your HDL levels, which is sort of like fish, or krill oils. Physical activity can also increase HDL levels by 5%.

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How are the concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease and associated disorders?

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How are the concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease and associated disorders?

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Abnormal levels of lipids or fats in the blood can put you at high risk. Having high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis which increases the risk of a heart attack. Depending on your HDL levels you could be decreasing your risk of cardiovascular issues because it carries cholesterol away from the blood stream.

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Why do doctors monitor the concentrations of LDL and HDL in patients blood?

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Why do doctors monitor the concentrations of LDL and HDL in patients blood?

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Doctors monitor your LDL and HDl level to help show you your risk of heart disease. Your HDL levels should be around 40mg/dL or closer to 60mg/dL. LDL levels should be lower than 129mg/dL or even lower for the people who are at risk of heart disease.