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Bywgraffiad Du Bois: NAACP

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W.E.B. Du Bois: Activist Leader in Niagara Movement & Co-Founder of the NAACP | Biography

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Bywgraffiad Garvey: UNIA

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Marcus Garvey: Strongest Voice for Black Nationalism in History | Biography

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We-fan gwerthfawr sy'n ganolbwyntio ar brif digwyddiadau'r Brwydr am Hawliau Sifil o'r 1950 ymalen

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Check Out the 2024 U.S. Civil Rights Trail Travel Guide

This year's guide includes regional itineraries with editorial content that group planners and tour operators can use to plan tours along the trail.

Discover The Guide

U.S. Civil Rights Trail Welcomes Four New Sites

The U.S. Civil Rights Trail is proud to add four important landmarks to the collection of 130-plus U.S. Civil Rights Trail sites.

Bringing Birmingham's civil rights story to the world

The U.S. Civil Rights Trail Market wins major award

What Happened Here Changed the World

On the 60th Anniversary of the September 15, 1963 bombing that killed 4 young girls at the 16th St. Baptist Church in Birmingham, AL we remember what it means.

16th Street Baptist Church

Rick Steves discusses the origins of the Trail

The U.S. Civil Rights Trail was featured on a recent episode of Travel with Rick Steves. Listen to the conversation between Rick and Lee Sentell as they discuss the trail's beginnings and the U.S. Civil Rights Trail's growth and expansion.

The fight for American civil rights spanned decades, cities and states - from Topeka, Kansas, to Memphis, Tennessee, from Atlanta, Georgia, to Selma, Alabama and all the way to Washington, D.C. Chart the course of the Movement through the Civil Rights Trail and see firsthand the struggle for equity and the power of equality.

Landmarks

The U.S. Civil Rights Trail is a collection of churches, courthouses, schools, museums and other landmarks across 15 states that played a pivotal role in advancing social justice in the 1950s and 1960s, shifting the course of history.

Stories

From powerful speeches to brave sit-ins and unifying marches, the fight for civil rights in America can be told through countless sites and stories that have the power to awe and inspire everyone.

Experience

Experience

Walk in the footsteps of giants. Actually visit the places where the Civil Rights Movement was forged. Create your itinerary and see firsthand how the face of a nation was changed forever.

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Explore the fight for U.S. civil rights - US Civil Rights Trail

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Chart the course of the Civil Rights Movement through the U.S. Civil Rights Trail. Discover the destinations important to the Civil Rights Movement.

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Beth yw'r Chwyldro Negroaidd?

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Malcolm X : A revolution must be bloody!

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Camgymeriad Mwyaf Ali

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It was possibly the one regret he took to the grave, the one thing that not even "The Greatest" could change.

In May 1964, Muhammad Ali had a chance meeting in Ghana, with his former friend and mentor Malcolm X. And he turned his back on him.

"Turning my back on Malcolm," wrote Ali in his 2004 autobiography The Soul of a Butterfly, "was one of the mistakes that I regret most in my life.

"I wish I'd been able to tell Malcolm I was sorry, that he was right about so many things. But he was killed before I got the chance."

On February 21 1965 Malcolm X was assassinated as he gave a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem.

There would be no reconciliation between the boxer and the man who recruited him into the Nation of Islam, who was beside him on the day the newly crowned 22-year-old heavyweight champion of the world announced that he had rejected Cassius Clay as his "slave name".

By February 1964, when Ali announced his name change the day after becoming world champion, Malcolm X was growing increasingly disillusioned with Elijah Muhammad, the prophet leader of the black separatist Nation of Islam movement.

Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X insisted, was in fact so ignorant of Islam that he didn't know the prayer ritual. And when he claimed that Muhammad was a hypocritical womaniser who had fathered children through affairs with his secretaries, Malcolm X was frozen out of the Nation of Islam.

He wanted Ali to come with him. But the young champion was to disappoint him.

"Malcolm and I were so close and had been through so much," wrote Ali in his autobiography, "But there were many things for me to consider."

Elijah Muhammad, he said, had conferred the name Muhammad Ali on him in March 1964.

"I felt that he had set me free!" the boxer recalled in 2004. "I was proud of my name and dedicated to the Nation of Islam as Elijah presented it. At that point in my journey, I just wasn't ready to question his teaching."

Instead, Ali decided, in line with Nation of Islam politics, to "see Africa and meet my brothers and sisters."

But he arrived in Ghana just as Malcolm X was visiting, on his slow return from a pilgrimage to Mecca. They bumped into each other outside the Ambassador Hotel in the capital Accra.

"He was wearing the traditional Muslim white robes," wrote Ali, "Further signifying his break with Elijah Muhammad. He walked with a cane that looked like a prophet's stick and he wore a beard. I thought he'd gone too far.

"When he came up to greet me I turned away, making our break public."

According to the account retold by Johnny Smith, co-author of Blood Brothers, a book chronicling the friendship and its breakdown, Malcolm X's eager call of "Brother Muhammad!" was met with Ali's stony-faced rejoinder: "Brother Malcolm, you shouldn't have crossed the Honorable Elijah Muhammad."

It was only years after Malcolm X was assassinated that Ali came to see him as "a visionary, ahead of us all."

Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975 paved the way for his son Wallace D Muhammad to bring the Nation of Islam, and Ali, into the fold of mainstream Sunni Islam.

By 2004 Ali could write that Elijah Muhammad, who had taught him to see white Americans as blue-eyed devils , had accomplished much in terms of black racial pride but that "Malcolm was the first to discover the truth, that colour doesn't make a man a devil. It is the heart, soul and mind that define a person."

"Malcolm X was a great thinker and an even greater friend," wrote Ali. "I might never have become a Muslim if it hadn't been for Malcolm. If I could go back and do it all over again, I would never have turned my back on him."

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Muhammad Ali's one regret: his rift with Malcolm X

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It was possibly the one regret he took to the grave, the one thing that not even "The Greatest" could change. In May 1964, Muhammad Ali had a chance meeting in Ghana, with his former friend and mentor Malcolm X. And he turned his back on him.