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are materials taken directly from nature that we process into other materials to make products with.

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Is a refine or prepare raw material to obtaine natural materials.

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Are raw materials that when we process it become processed materials/manufactured materials.

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-Hardness:
This is the resistance of a material to be scratched or pierced.
-Toughness:
This is the resistance of a material to being broken when we strike it. The tools we use to strike them and the sports equipment used to hit balls, are made of tough materials.The opposite of tough is brittle.
Deformability:
This is the ability of a material to be deformed. The opposite of deformability is rigidity. If a material is deformable it can be elastic or plastic.
Ductility:
This is the ability of a material to be stretched into a wire.
Malleability:
This is the ability of a material to be pressed or rolled into a sheet.

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Woods:
Natural wood : Pine, Beech, Oak, Cherry, Ebony, etc.
Man-made wood: Plywood and Chipboard.
Derivatives: Paper, Cardboard and Cork.
Metals:
Ferrous metals: Iron, Steel, Cast metals, etc.
Non-ferrous metals: Zinc, Gold, Silver, Copper, Chromium, Nickel, Aluminium, Tin, Lead, etc.
Plastics:
Naturals- latex
Synthetic- PVC, Melamine, Silicone, Poleythylene, Polypropylene, Latex, Nylon, Bakelite, etc.
Textiles:
Natural- animal (woool, silk, etc.) or plant (cotton, hemp, linen, etc.)
Synthetic- lycra, nylon, viscose, polyester, acrylic, etc.
Construction materials:
Stone- marble, slate, clay, etc.
Binders- plaster, cement, concrete, etc.
Ceramic- bricks, tiles, stoneware, porcelain, glass, etc.

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Type of mineral that is found in the earth´s crust. To obtain them we need to mine them.
Ferrous metals:
Iron-  material that has a  porcentage of carbon in the alloy of less than 0.1%. The pure one is soft, ductile and malleable. It rusts easily, has a low concentration of carbon and is very brittle. It doesn´t have many uses, just in medicine and electronics.
Steel-  material made mainly from iron with 0.1% to 2% carbon. Has a higher proportion of carbon, it is harder than iron and is fairly inexpensive, used widely in industry. There are also steel alloys which are made up of iron, carbon and small amounts of other elements.
Cast iron- made from iron and 2% to 6.67% of carbon. Used to manufacture of engines, machine structures, tools, manhole covers, street lights, etc.
Non- Ferrous metals:
Cooper- a bright red-coloured metal that has been used since ancient times ( to make ornaments, coins and even weapons.) A very good conductor of heat and electricity, highly resistant to corrosion and is very ductile and malleable, and easy to solder. Now is used to make wires, water and gas pipes, windings in engines, etc.
Tin- a silver-coloured shiny metal taht is very resistant to corrosion. Very ductile and malleable when cold and very easy to work with and to melt. Used like a filler metal for soft soldering.
Aluminium- the third most common element in the Earth´s crust. Is white, shiny, cheap and easy to recicle. Is very light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat and electricity, is non-toxic (used in food packaging), very ductile and malleable and easy to shape. It has many uses.
Zinc- Is a bluish-white in colour and one of the least common metals. Is malleable and ductile, a good conductor of heat and electricity and is highly resistant to corrosion and rust.

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Man-maden wood: are properties of natural wood:
Plywood- is formed by an odd number of thin layers (veneers.) Is strenght, uniformity and it has stability.
Chipboard- is obtained from wood chips that are mixed with resin. It can be coated with a thin plastic or a natural wood veneer. Especially kitchen cabinets.

Wood derivaties: usually obtained from leftover wood. The most commons are:
Paper- obtained by forming a paste out of wood and plant fibres that are mashed and then pressed and dried. Is easy to cut, paste and fold. It is not very strong and is easy to break it. Used for writing and to make envelopes, wrappers, books, newspaperes, photographs, etc.
Cardboard- made by compressing several layers of paper while it is wet to thicken it and produce a heavier texture. Thicker than paper, strong and not easy to work with it . Used to make boxes for packaging.
Cork- obtained from the bark of the cork oak. It is a waterproof, lightweight material and a good insulator of electricity, heat and sound. Used in bottle stoppers, as insulator, etc.

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PROPERTIES OF  WOOD:
Depend on the type of wood ( hardwood or softwood), climate and humidity, the type of soil it grew in, etc.
Most important:
Tensile strength- reesistance to stretching. Good in the longitudinal direction and poor in the transverse direction.
Compressive strength- resistance to being crushed. Better in the transverse direction than in longitudinal direction.
Flexural strength- resistance to bending. Better in the transverse direction. It was used a lot in the past to make posts and beams, in shipbuilding and in construction of many structures.
Hardness- it depends on the type of wood, the structure and the cuting direction. It´s hard enough to be sturdy.
Toughness- wood is tough, so is used in sports equipment like hockey sticks, etc.
Thermal and electrical conductivity- Wood is a good insulator of  heat and electricity. Is used to make handles for tools.
Sound conductivity- good. Is used as a material to make certain musical instruments like guitars.
Colour- Woods have differrent colours like white, yellow, dark yellow or brown, red, black, etc.
Density- Wood is a light material that has a lower density than water (it floats.) Is used to build ships.