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1258 AD
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The Abbasid historical period (islamic golden age) lasting to the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 CE . The Islamic Golden Age was inaugurated by the middle of the 8th century by  the Abbasid Caliphate and the transfer of the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. This was important because it  introduced styles and techniques to distant Islamic lands. This time period made the Umayyads  increasingly unpopular  in the eastern territories of the caliphate and the Abbasid more popular. Speaking of, The Abbasid empire weakened with the establishment and growing power of semi-autonomous dynasties throughout the region. x

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793 CE
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The Vikings fell out at at the beginning of the Viking age, Norse society tended to be egalitarian, with a large number of free, land-owning farmers. However, due to less resources  by the end of the Viking age, this balance had changed. There were a small number of wealthy men while the population of , landless men where growing. These people in The Viking age ended when most European lands had strong central authorities , including trained, standing armies capable of mounting effective defenses against Viking attacks.  The problem was that the Vikings were not trained, not organized troops. As other enemies got stronger more and more attacks negatively affected the Vikings. In other terms during the tenure of Bishop Gizurr Ísleifsson (at the end of the 11th century), the practice of bearing arms in Iceland was largely abandoned, a significant change from both the centuries both before and after. In the year 1066 the raids stopped due to Europe no longer profitable or had the desire to raid. At this point the  changed. It was no longer profitable or desirable to raid so they stopped. This is important because they were known to attack defenseless monasteries when they raided. Adding on the words, Vikings actually means to raid.

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Nelson, Ken. "History: Middle Ages for Kids." Ducksters, Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI), www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_timeline.php.

Watt, William Montgomery. “Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman; Muslim Intellectual: A Study of Al-Ghazālī.” Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman; Muslim Intellectual: A Study of Al-Ghazālī, 2011, school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Muhammad/105853.

"Black Death." Historic World Events, Gale, 2017. Student Resources In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2359070809/SUIC?u=nb_prep&sid=SUIC&xid=cb88011b.

Trueman, Chris. “Magna Carta.” Magna Carta - History Learning Site, History Learning Site, 5 Mar. 2015, www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval-england/magna-carta/.

"Introduction to the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War, Gale, 2009. Student Resources In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3048700088/SUIC?u=nb_prep&sid=SUIC&xid=ebe90318.

Hussey, Joan Mervyn. “Justinian I.” Britannica School, school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Justinian-I/44214.

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England in the Battle of Hastings Conqured

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England in the Battle of Hastings Conqured

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1066 CE
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The Battle of Hastings was a war that started when the King of England, King Edward died leaving the English throne without an heir. This resulted in Harold Godwinson seizing the throne, However, his rival William of Normandy had a better army and he conquered the battle in 1066. He was a French Duke named William of Normandy, who then took the throne. This is significant because after he became king of England it changed their country forever. The Anglo-Saxons had ruled the land for over 600 years since the Roman times, and the altercation in rulers was a huge change. The language also changed, mixing Anglo-Saxon English with Norman French.

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1189 CE
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In 1189, Richard the Lionheart became the king of England. He was a great military leader and is famous for his many victories in the battlefield. His best victories were against Saladin, the Muslim leader during the Third Crusade. He is important because he was a loved and revered figure in England and France.

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1206 CE
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This large empire stemmed from the leadership of Genghis Khan. He created this fast-spreading empire which ruled from the islands of Japan all across Asia to Eastern Europe and included China, Russia, Hungary, Iran, the Middle East, Mongolia and Indochina. The reason of demise was because of its complexity and size. It was important because it covered over 9 million square miles with an estimated population of 100 million people. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in world history. It was also important because it had lasting impacts, unifying large regions, some of which (such as eastern and western Russia and the western parts of China) remain unified today, albeit under different leadership.

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1215 CE
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The Magna Carta was a document signed in 1215 that was a series of promises signed between the barons of Medieval England and King John, by royal seal. The Magna Carta ensured fair and good laws mostly concerning England’s legal system. It stated that in addition to ruling the governing England, the king had to deal with people according to the customs of the federal law. This is important because it was one of the most significant documents in medieval England. It was significant because it was made in attempts to stop kings from abusing their powers and give many more rights to people.

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570 CE
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In 570, the prophet Muhammad was born. He was an orphan raised by his uncle. When Muhammad was 40 years old, he supposedly had a revelation from the angel Gabriel, who spoke to Muhammad in a cave while he was mediating near Mecca. The angel said that Muhammad was a prophet, just like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The Islamic God also told him that the polytheistic religion should be rejected and to go follow the one true God, Allah. Muhammad is one of the founders of the religion Islam. He is important because he impacted many monotheistic religions today. Muslims today regard the first four caliphs, or Islamic leaders, as legitimate successors of Muhammad. Muslims also stress the importance of Sunna (the way of life lived as prescribed by Muhammad) as a basis for law, the Sharia.

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600 CE
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In Islam they had concerns the political, social, economic and cultural developments of the their civilization. It started when Muhammad converted a lot of people to believe in his fate. The government at the time were ruled by unorganized leaders  none of them were perfect as individuals. Their political aspect was failing as people weren't doing a great job ruling Islam . However, Muslim forces seized Byzantine Syria and Palestine, most of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, NW India, and NW Africa. However during this time Islam and India merge that came when the what Umayyad dynasty of caliphs happened. This is because islam wasn't so strong and they were in the need of help and spreading there religion was the way to go. This is important because it Islam left a big impact on India as they spread their beliefs.

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1337 CE
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The Hundred Years war was fought between France and England from 1337 to 1453. It started in attempts from England to get their land back that was stolen from France. It ended up evolving into a struggle for the future of the Kingdom of France itself, and very nearly saw the thrones of the two monarchies united under one crown. However, the war lasted much longer than anticipated. This war was important because it merged over the course of the century, and is considered one of the most important conflicts in medieval times. The French were expected to win and were thought of as “invincible”, and the English ended up defeating them.

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644 CE
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This dynasty was the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the caliphate empire and was the was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The four caliphates, known as the Rightly Guided, succeeded. The dynasty thrived until Muhammad's cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib was assassinated and the throne was seized by Mu‘awiya, the governor of Syria. This dynasty is important because under his power, the important historic city of Damascus was transformed into capital of an empire. This empire extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River. It was also important because it was the first muslim dynasty of the Islamic Empire that passed down their power within their family. This empire turned into the most powerful empire of their day.

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527 CE
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Justinian I was a byzantine emperor from 527–565. He was known for his administrative reorganization of the imperial government as well as his sponsorship of a codification of laws called Codex Justinianus. Two impactful things that he did was his continuation of the long struggle of Persia as well as his attempts in trying to regain the former Roman provinces in the west from the control of barbarian invaders. He was important because he greatly simulated legal studies and he set up a commision to produce a new code of imperial constitutions, which is also known as the Codex Constitutionum.

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Muhammad and the Sunni and Shiite Divide

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Muhammad and the Sunni and Shiite Divide

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632 CE
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The Sunni and Shiite divide was a division of two different empires due to conflicts within Middle East and Muslim countries between the 2 major denominations of Islam, Sunni and Shia. It occurred after the death of prophet Muhammad in 632. These conflicts led to Syrian war, which threatened to transform the map of the Middle East, spurred violence that is fracturing Iraq, and widened fissures in a number of tense Gulf It was important because it led to the Sunnis prevailing and choosing a successor to be the first caliph.

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Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches

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Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches

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1054 CE
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Eastern Orthodox Catholics and Roman Catholics are the result of what is known as the East-West Schism (or Great Schism) of 1054, when medieval Christianity split into two branches. The Byzantine split with Roman Catholicism came about when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, as Holy Roman Emperor. From the Byzantine where devastated when their faith was split into two . Charlemagne’s crowning made the Byzantine Emperor angry, and relations between the East and the West became worse unitil a formal split occurred in 1054. At this point the Eastern Church became the Greek Orthodox Church by severing all ties with Rome and the Roman Catholic Church. This is important because now its nots all just big catholic church its split based a faith and the religion and it gave people two choices.

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1347 CE
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The Black Death was an epidemic caused by the Black Plague, which was a bubonic plague that started by rats who carried infected fleas. After the rats had died, the plague jumped to another mammal which was humans. This disease was spread quickly during medieval times and lasted for a few centuries, which then took out over half of Europe's population. The Black Death is important because it led to innovations in medicine, which many then came to realize how lacking their medical knowledge was. This also led to a huge population change because before the Black Plague, Europe was overpopulated so the change was drastic. The change in population was impactful because it led to many things such as a weakened economy and a destruction of feudal and manorial systems. In addition to this, people started to lose their faith in religion. Numerous scandals had by then threatened the sanctity of the Catholic Church, and more people started to question God's existence.

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900 CE
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Feudalism developed in Western Europe at around 800 C.E. from the remnants of the Western Roman Empire. As a result of central authority being unable to perform its functions and prevent the rise of local powers, this decentralized organization formed.  It is significant to the social system in Europe Medieval times because people got notinilit by military leaders doing work to get a reward in the military. Also, the peasants had to live on the land and had to do labor. When they did this it was an exchange to military protection. It was important because it help protects communities from warfare that broke out after the fall of Rome and when the Strong central government it collapse in Western Europe. It also secured Western Europe society kept out powerful invaders and restoring trade.

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1095 CE
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The  Crusade  starting at 1095 and ending at 1099. The Crusade started when the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, . Urban called for a military expedition to take the  Byzantine Empire, despite Tancred’s promise of protection, the Crusaders slaughtered hundreds of men, women, and children in their victorious entrance into Jerusalem (religion). Moving on after achieving their goal  some of the unorganized knights  departed home. Those who remained established four large western settlements, or Crusader states, in Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli. Guarded by castles, the Crusader states retained the upper hand in the region until 1130  when Muslim forces didn’t go down without a fight and began gaining ground in their own holy war against the Christians (Franks).  This caused them to lose their land and authorities because  the Acre, fell to the Muslim Mamluks. This is important because it successfully extended the reach of Christianity and Western civilization. However, the Roman Catholic Church experienced an increase in wealth, and the power of the Pope was elevated after this ended. Also, the Crusaders  made Trade and transportation improve throughout Europe.

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800 CE
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On Christmas day of 800 CE, Charlemagne was crowned the emperor of Romans. He was made emperor when a rebellion against Pope Leo III began and Charlemagne went to the Pope's aid in Rome and defeated the rebellion. This made him the most important and powerful ruler of his time and ruled for 14 years. He was summoned by his pope because he could no longer fend off of his enemies in the city. Charlemagne was important because he founded the Holy Roman empire, strengthened economic and political life in Europe, and promoted the cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance.

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Charles the Hammer and The Battle of Tours

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Charles the Hammer and The Battle of Tours

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732 CE
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At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish a leader Charles Martel who followed the christian faith defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe. AbdarRahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, was killed in the fighting, and the Moors backed away  from Gaul, never to return in such force. The victory of the fight ensured the ruling dynasty of Martel's family making him a legend. His son Pepin because the first Carolingian king of Franks. This is important because his role helped encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe.

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The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans 

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The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans 

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1500 CE
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Fall of Constantinople happened May 1453. After ten centuries of wars, defeats, and victories, the Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in May 1453. Not only did the Constantinople fall out it was a opportunity for the ottoman turks to  extend their territories to include the Balkans as well as Anatolia. The defeat caused the emperor to die and  the empire relied on him for christianity. This is significant bc it worsened the christian faith as Constantinople was no longer there including there beloved emperor.

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476 CE
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The first predicted reason for the cause of the fall of Rome is when the military losses struggled to sustain and redeem themselves. Rome had tangled with Germanic tribes for centuries, but by the 300s groups like the Goths had invaded the Empire’s borders and took power over their military. The next reason fpr the fallout was Economic troubles and over-reliance on slave labor. Not only was Rome military in deep trouble and under attack from outside forces, it was also suffering from severe financial crisis. This is because the people were overspending their economics for war. This caused lightened imperial coffers, and the taxation and inflation had made the the gap bigger between rich and poor. In the hope of avoiding the taxman, many members of the wealthy classes had even fled to the countryside and went separate ways. In other terms, Rome’s economy depended on slaves to do their work as the military might had traditionally provided a fresh complexed system to put peoples to work. This lead to expansion in the second century, as Rome’s supply of slaves and other war treasures began to decrease. The overspending of the military made them create excellent road systems. However, the lack of communication between themselves made them unable to manage their holdings. They also struggled to marshal enough troops and resources to help build for their righteousness attacks. The fall of Rome was important because Rome was very powerful empire and lasted a long time, so the fall of Rome impacted many people.