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Federalism is a political system which two or more governments have shared authority over the same geographical area.

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Both the state and the national government can tax citizens

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The power to declare war, for example, is an exclusive power for the national government. However, the power to hold elections is exclusive to state governments

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Delegated powers are specifically granted to the federal government in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. This includes the power to coin money, to regulate commerce, to declare war, to raise and maintain armed forces, and to establish a Post Office. In all, the Constitution delegates 27 powers specifically to the federal government.

Implied powers are not specifically stated in the Constitution, but may be inferred from the constitution. This provision gives Congress the right "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and other powers vested in the government of the United States." Since these powers are not explicit, the courts are often left to decide what constitutes an implied power.

Inherited powers are not specifically listed in the Constitution, but they grow out of the very existence of the national government. For example, the United States has the power to acquire territory by exploration and/or occupancy, primarily because most governments in general claim that right.

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Framers believed government powers posed a threat to individual liberty, the excercise of government power had to be restrained, and the government needed to be be divided to prevent its abuse.

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The Congress must pass the enabling act so that the territory can begin creating their constitution

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After the territory votes on the constitution, they must submit it to the Congress for review

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provide schooling and education
provide protection (police)
provide safety (fire departments)
give a driver's license
approve zoning and land use

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Next, the Congress must pass an act of admittance and submit it to the president for review

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The last step to admitting a new state is to have the president sign the act of admittance

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The obligation to achieve progressively the full realization is a central aspect of States' obligations in connection with economic, social and cultural rights under international human rights treaties.

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The action of a person accused or convicted of a crime

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the recognition and enforcement of the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of one state by another

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Expressed powers- powers that are stated in the constitution.
Implied powers- powers that are not stated in the constitution but drawn from the expressed powers.
Inherent powers- powers that belong To all of the sovereign nations.

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Exclusive powers- powers that can only be executed by the federal government.
Concurrent powers- powers that are both the federal and state government.

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The national government can’t permit slavery or deny citizens the right to vote based on race, gender, or religion. They can’t violate the bill of rights and impose export taxes among the states and may not change state boundaries.

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The supremacy clause of the constitution is one of the most important things of the constitution because it assures that the Constitution and federal laws and treaties take precedence over state law and binds all judges to adhere to that principle in their courts.

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Cooperative Federalism is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems

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The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may plausibly be inferred from the clause.

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The transafer of money from federal governments to state governments

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The relocation a portion of federal tax to state or local government

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Grants from the federal government to the state or local government that can only be used for specified things