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Court decision of the Brown V. Board of Education Decision

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Court decision of the Brown V. Board of Education Decision

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This document from the Brown V. Board case shows the court's decision to desegregated schools making all public schools to allow children of all colors to attend school because it is their basic civil right.

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The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. occurred on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray was the assassinator of Martin Luther King Jr. and was also a fugitive from the Missouri Penitentiary.  The day before King's assassination he was leading a protest in Memphis. This protest was in support of the sanitary workers who were on strike against discrimination with work and pay policies. The next day he was killed by a sniper who was white and soon identified as James Earl Ray. Angry riots broke out in over 120 cities across America and got so violent troops were called in to restore the peace. After all of the riots occurred, another leader said that King would've been unhappy with how the people reacted to his death, as he was an advocate for nonviolence. The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. was important to the Civil Rights Movement because it sparked a lot of backlash from those supporting the movement. It also helped with their case that there was a need for change within America. Because it was such a public event, many people were finally exposed for what was occurring within America regarding the Civil Rights Movement. The violent protests that occurred after his assassination not only showed just how upset King's followers were but that violent protests were becoming more apparent within the movement. It was always in King's followers' heads that they should stick with the values he instilled within his leadership, but they slowly believed violence would be the only way to catch America's attention and make a change.

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The Montgomery, Alabama bus boycotts occurred from December 5, 1955 to December 20, 1956. Those who took part in the Montgomery bus boycotts were the African Americans. One of the many popular leaders within this movement, Rosa Parks, lead some of the boycotts that occurred. The intended audience for these events were the citizens of Montgomery, Alabama as well as those across the country watching the events unfold. The purpose of the Montgomery Bus Boycotts were to desegregate busses within Montgomery, Alabama. The reasoning for the boycotts was because Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in the designated area for white people. When the time came for her to give up her seat to a white person, she refused to do so and was then arrested. Martin Luther King Jr. lead the boycotts in protest of her arrest. African Americans refused to ride the Montgomery busses for a year and only ended when the Supreme Court ruled that segregated busses was unconstitutional. This event was important to the Civil Rights Movement because of its significance of segregation going so far as to arrest an African American for sitting on the bus. This protest forced change to happen within the United States and made the Supreme Court order for busses to be desegregated. Although it was a small step towards the bigger goal of complete desegregation everywhere, it made an impact in many lives. The success of the bus boycotts also led to the creation of the SCLC which is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The purpose of the SCLC was for nonviolent protests against discrimination. Through the success of the bus boycotts in Montgomery, the movement to end discrimination came closer to its goal.

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The Supreme Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education 

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The Supreme Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education 

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This video gives insight to what the Brown V. Board of Education case looked like during court and how it affected the people of the south, while also providing people who were not in the south with information on what was happening.

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Brown v. Board of Education in PBS' The Supreme Court

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John F. Kennedy's speech given on June 11, 1963 to the nation through radio and television addressing civil rights among all peoples. This is significant because it allowed the people of the United States to hear the President's view on how, as a nation, we need to treat people of all colors fairly.

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In his civil rights address of June 11, 1963, delivered to the nation over radio and television, President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) announced that he soon would ask Congress to enact landmark civil rights legislation. Martin Luther King, Jr., (1929-1968) called the speech "one of the most eloquent, profound, and unequivocal pleas for Justice and Freedom of all men ever made by any President." This excerpt of the speech appeared in CBS News Eyewitness: The President Faces the Racial Crisis, broadcast June 14, 1963.

Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division. Courtesy of CBS News

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom President Kennedy's Civil Rights Address

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In his civil rights address of June 11, 1963, delivered to the nation over radio and television, President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) announced that he soon would ask Congress to enact landmark civil rights legislation. Martin Luther King, Jr., (1929-1968) called the speech "one of the most eloquent, profound, and unequivocal pleas for Justice and Freedom of all men ever made by any President."

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During the December 9, 1952, to May 17, 1954 a court case of the Supreme Court know as Brown v. Board of Education of topeka Kansas, was dealing with segregation within the school system. The Court heard many arguments from both sides throughout the case and conducted research. Some argued that when african americans were segregated from schools, it made the children feel inferior. At this time 21 states had segregated their school systems. It was soon found in Court that this was a violation to the constitution which calls for equal protection under the law. Many schools approached this with interrogation and resistance, especially those in Virginia and Kansas. The Governor of Kansas sent national guards to keep african americans out of school and Eisenhower responded with sending federal troops to end the resistance. An example of this is the Little Rock 9 who faced a great amount of hatred and abuse when they were just trying to go to school. They were supported by the federal troops to enter but still encountered hate from fellow students inside. This court case of Brown V. Board of Education is significant because it is one of the most significant movements in the civil rights movement. This was one of the first steps to fighting segregation in the south and definitely impacted many young lives. African americans had to fight for their education that legally all peoples had a right to, but their demographic was treated unfairly. They did not back down when they were faced with the unfair treatment in the school systems and in society in general. Instead they proudly and peacefully entered the place that was filled with people who who were unsupportive and abusive to them. Because of this court case, the government had to be their to ensure their safety in a place that they had a right to attend. This was a giant step for those around the nation, especially in the south, that the government was recognizing this segregation and trying to support equal treatment and civil rights of all peoples.

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This is a general summary of the events that happened within the civil rights movement in the United States.

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Civil Rights and the 1950s: Crash Course US History #39

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Freedom Rides and Sit-Ins: Nonviolent Protests

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Freedom Rides and Sit-Ins: Nonviolent Protests

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Freedom Rides began as peaceful protests on May 4, 1961 until December 10th, 1961. These protest rides were than followed by Sit-Ins in the South. The first freedom ride left from Washington D.C. headed towards two stops in the deep south with seven blacks and six whites on board. At different stops along the journey of their destination, those on board would try and use white bathrooms and wait at lunch counters patiently. The Sit-In protests began in February of 1960, in Greensboro, North Carolina. Four young african americans sat at white lunch counter and asked for coffee. This group of young students waited patiently and respectfully to be served and denied to leave when they were refused of service from the store. Civil rights leaders James Farmer and Martin Luther king Jr. adopted nonviolence tactics from Gandhi which were used in these peaceful protests. These movements are important to civil rights because it showed how much integrity african americans and their supporters had during this time of pure hatred towards them. As a group they were able to have and show the morality that the other did not posses. When they were being harassed, yell at, or violently hurt; they maintained this idea of nonviolence. these movements also showed how they are standing up for what they believe in. They will try the hardest to not be walked over by people who think tha they are better that them.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was enacted on April 11, 1968 by the U.S. Congress. This law was enacted in Washington D.C. but would effect Americans across the nation. The House of Congress as well as the President was involved in this event. The intended audience for this event was the African American people who are being discriminated against. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was enacted in hopes to end the discrimination occurring between African American and White people. This discrimination was happening due to the issue of housing across America. When a house would enter the market for sale, some homeowners were okay with the realtors showing their houses to Black families. Although there was no law that barred African Americans from buying a house in White neighborhoods, White families in those neighborhoods made it very clear the African Americans weren't welcome. Due to the prominent discrimination within these neighborhoods, African Americans were forced into separate parts of the cities, ultimately resulting in poverty within that demographic. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 is important to the Civil Rights Movement because although there were no laws that allowed segregation, the culture of the time still regarded segregation as acceptable within their communities. As the conclusion of the Kerner Commission stated, the thing that would divide the country the most was the poverty occurring due to the de facto segregation within the country as well as creating a country that was two societies rather than one. This law was enacted to bring the country back together again and hopefully make a bigger difference than just banning segregation did. Although there was no force used to enforce the law enacted, it still helped the situation. Because of this, those who were originally discriminated against could hopefully feel more comfortable with where they choose to live.